Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5711 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-14594 (GCVE-0-2025-14594)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-11 11:34 – Updated: 2026-02-11 15:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab
Summary
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 17.11 before 18.6.6, 18.7 before 18.7.4, and 18.8 before 18.8.4 that, under certain conditions could have allowed an authenticated user to view certain pipeline values by querying the API.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-11 15:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/583967 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3457591 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/02/10/patc… |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-14459 (GCVE-0-2025-14459)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-26 19:36 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Virt-cdi-controller: unauthorized pvc cloning via dataimportcron
Summary
A flaw was found in KubeVirt Containerized Data Importer (CDI). This vulnerability allows a user to clone PersistentVolumeClaims (PVCs) from unauthorized namespaces, resulting in unauthorized access to data via the DataImportCron PVC source mechanism.
Severity
8.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-26 21:01 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0950 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-14459 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2420938 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
14 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17.rhel9-82 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-7 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-85 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-11 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-19 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-88 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | RHEL-9-CNV-4.19 |
Unaffected:
v4.19.17-12 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4.19::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4
|
Date Public
2026-01-08 10:10
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CVE-2025-14356 (GCVE-0-2025-14356)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-12 06:32 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ultra Addons for Contact Form 7 <= 3.5.33 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) to Generate Form Submission PDF
Summary
The Ultra Addons for Contact Form 7 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'uacf7_get_generated_pdf' function in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.33. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to generate and get form submission PDF, when the "PDF Generator" and the "Database" addons are enabled (disabled by default).
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-12 20:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| themefic | Ultra Addons for Contact Form 7 |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.5.33
(semver)
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CVE-2025-14101 (GCVE-0-2025-14101)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-17 09:11 – Updated: 2026-06-04 06:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IDOR in GG Soft's PaperWork
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in GG Soft Software Services Inc. PaperWork allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers.
This issue affects PaperWork: from 5.2.0.9427 before 6.0.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-17 18:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0464 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GG Soft Software Services Inc. | PaperWork |
Affected:
5.2.0.9427 , < 6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-12-17 09:06
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CVE-2025-14073 (GCVE-0-2025-14073)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-01 08:32 – Updated: 2026-08-03 19:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WooCommerce PayPal Payments <= 3.3.2 - Unauthenticated Sensitive Information Disclosure
Summary
The WooCommerce PayPal Payments plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Disclosure due to an Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.2 via the `enqueue_paypal_insights_script_on_order_received()` function due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to obtain sensitive order information including order keys, which can then be leveraged to access full customer billing details (name, email, phone, address) via the WooCommerce Store API within a 10-minute grace period after order creation.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-03 19:11 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| woocommerce | WooCommerce PayPal Payments |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.3.2
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-14033 (GCVE-0-2025-14033)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 05:29 – Updated: 2026-05-13 10:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ilGhera Support System for WooCommerce <= 1.3.0 - Missing Authorization to Unauthenticated Sensitive Information Exposure
Summary
The ilGhera Support System for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'get_ticket_content_callback' function in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.0. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to view any support ticket content, including sensitive customer information and private communications, by providing a ticket ID.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-13 10:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ghera74 | ilGhera Support System for WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.3.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-13932 (GCVE-0-2025-13932)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-04 21:17 – Updated: 2025-12-05 16:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The SolisCloud API suffers from a Broken Access Control vulnerability, specifically an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR), where any authenticated user can access detailed data of any plant by altering the plant_id in the request.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · icscert (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-04 23:02 UTC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-05 16:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SolisCloud | Monitoring Platform (Cloud API & Device Control API) |
Affected:
API v1
Affected: API v2 |
Date Public
2025-12-04 00:00
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CVE-2025-13874 (GCVE-0-2025-13874)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 05:38 – Updated: 2026-05-14 17:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key in GitLab
Summary
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 15.1 before 18.9.7, 18.10 before 18.10.6, and 18.11 before 18.11.3 that could have allowed an authenticated user with Guest permissions to view issues in projects they were not authorized to access.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-14 17:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/3445398 | technical-descriptionexploitpermissions-required |
| https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/work_items… | |
| https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/05/13/patc… |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-13842 (GCVE-0-2025-13842)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 04:36 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Breadcrumb NavXT <= 7.5.0 - Missing Authorization to Sensitive Information Exposure
Summary
The Breadcrumb NavXT plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass through user-controlled key in versions up to and including 7.5.0. This is due to the Gutenberg block renderer trusting the $_REQUEST['post_id'] parameter without verification in the includes/blocks/build/breadcrumb-trail/render.php file. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to enumerate and view breadcrumb trails for draft or private posts by manipulating the post_id parameter, revealing post titles and hierarchy that should remain hidden.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-19 17:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mtekk | Breadcrumb NavXT |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 7.5.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-13822 (GCVE-0-2025-13822)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 10:23 – Updated: 2026-04-14 13:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authentication bypass in MCPHub
Summary
MCPHub in versions below 0.11.0 is vulnerable to authentication bypass. Some endpoints are not protected by authentication middleware, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to perform actions in the name of other users and using their privileges.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-14 13:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/samanhappy/mcphub | product |
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/04/CVE-2025-13822 | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-04-14 10:23
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.