Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003

ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340

Modes of introduction

Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history

Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8

Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5711 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-15001 (GCVE-0-2025-15001)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 04:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:41

Title

FS Registration Password <= 1.0.1 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover

Summary

The FS Registration Password plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their password. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's passwords, including administrators, and leverage that to gain access to their account.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-06 14:36 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/regist…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3431…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
fsylum	FS Registration Password	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.1 (semver)

Credits

Drew Webber

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-14998 (GCVE-0-2025-14998)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-02 01:48 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:15

Title

Branda – White Label & Branding, Free Login Page Customizer <= 3.4.24 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover

Summary

The Branda plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 3.4.24. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their password. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's passwords, including administrators, and leverage that to gain access to their account.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-05 20:33 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/branda…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3429…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
wpmudev	Branda – White Label & Branding, Free Login Page Customizer	Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.24 (semver)

Credits

Drew Webber

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-14996 (GCVE-0-2025-14996)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 04:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:33

Title

AS Password Field In Default Registration Form <= 2.0.0 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover

Summary

The AS Password Field In Default Registration Form plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.0. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their password. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's passwords, including administrators, and leverage that to gain access to their account.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-06 14:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/as-pas…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
aksharsoftsolutions	AS Password Field In Default Registration Form	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.0.0 (semver)

Credits

Drew Webber

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-14974 (GCVE-0-2025-14974)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-25 20:20 – Updated: 2026-03-28 01:45

Title

IBM InfoSphere Information Server is vulnerable due to Insecure Direct Object Reference

Summary

IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7.0.0 through 11.7.1.6 is vulnerable due to Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR).

Severity

5.7 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-03-28 01:45 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

ibm CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 88/100 over 1630 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7266723	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
IBM	InfoSphere Information Server	Affected: 11.7.0.0 , ≤ 11.7.1.6 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:ibm:infosphere_information_server:11.7.0.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:infosphere_information_server:11.7.1.6:::::::*

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-14882 (GCVE-0-2025-14882)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-19 12:24 – Updated: 2025-12-19 13:50

Title

Insecure direct object reference

Summary

An API endpoint allowed access to sensitive files from other users by knowing the UUID of the file that were not intended to be accessible by UUID only.

Severity

3.8 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:U

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-19 13:50 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

rami.io CNA

CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 25 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://pretix.eu/about/en/blog/20251218-release-…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
pretix	pretix-offlinesales	Affected: 1.12.0 , ≤ 1.12.1 (python)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-14881 (GCVE-0-2025-14881)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-19 12:24 – Updated: 2025-12-19 12:58

Title

Insecure direct object reference

Summary

Multiple API endpoints allowed access to sensitive files from other users by knowing the UUID of the file that were not intended to be accessible by UUID only.

Severity

3.8 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:U

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-19 12:58 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

rami.io CNA

CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 25 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://pretix.eu/about/en/blog/20251218-release-…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
pretix	pretix	Affected: 1.0.0 , < 2025.8.0 (python) Affected: 2025.8.0 , < 2025.9.0 (python) Affected: 2025.9.0 , < 2025.10.0 (python) Affected: 2025.10.0 , < 2025.11.0 (python)

Credits

Deniz Parlak (https://github.com/DenizParlak)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-14844 (GCVE-0-2025-14844)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-16 09:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:35

Title

Membership Plugin – Restrict Content <= 3.2.16 - Missing Authentication to Insecure Direct Object Reference and Sensitive Information Exposure

Summary

The Membership Plugin – Restrict Content plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authentication in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.16 via the 'rcp_stripe_create_setup_intent_for_saved_card' function due to missing capability check. Additionally, the plugin does not check a user-controlled key, which makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to leak Stripe SetupIntent client_secret values for any membership.

Severity

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-16 12:48 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/restri…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/restri…
https://docs.stripe.com/api/setup_intents/object
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/639.html
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3438…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
stellarwp	Membership Plugin – Restrict Content	Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.2.16 (semver)

Credits

andrea bocchetti

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-14802 (GCVE-0-2025-14802)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 07:17 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:05

Title

LearnPress – WordPress LMS Plugin <= 4.3.2.2 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Authenticated (Instructor+) Teacher Material Deletion

Summary

The LearnPress – WordPress LMS Plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized file deletion in versions up to, and including, 4.3.2.2 via the /wp-json/lp/v1/material/{file_id} REST API endpoint. This is due to a parameter mismatch between the DELETE operation and authorization check, where the endpoint uses file_id from the URL path but the permission callback validates item_id from the request body. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with teacher-level access, to delete arbitrary lesson material files uploaded by other teachers via sending a DELETE request with their own item_id (to pass authorization) while targeting another teacher's file_id.

Severity

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-07 14:50 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learnp…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learnp…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learnp…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/learnp…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
thimpress	LearnPress – WordPress LMS Plugin for Create and Sell Online Courses	Affected: 0 , ≤ 4.3.2.1 (semver)

Credits

Deniz Mert

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-14772 (GCVE-0-2025-14772)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-03 09:25 – Updated: 2026-06-03 12:49

Title

Broken Access Control in ABB T-MAC Plus web application

Summary

Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key vulnerability in ABB T-MAC Plus. This issue affects T-MAC Plus: 4.0-24.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

7.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:H/SA:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-03 12:47 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key

Assigner

ABB CNA under the icscert root

CNA scorecard C 68/100 over 17 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?Docu…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ABB	T-MAC Plus	Affected: 4.0-24

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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      {
        "metrics": [
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CVE-2025-14742 (GCVE-0-2025-14742)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-25 09:26 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:36

Title

WP Recipe Maker <= 10.2.3 - Missing Authorization to Authenticated (Subscriber+) Sensitive Information Exposure

Summary

The WP Recipe Maker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'ajax_search_recipes' and 'ajax_get_recipe' functions in all versions up to, and including, 10.2.3. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to retrieve sensitive recipe information including draft, pending, and private recipes that they shouldn't be able to access.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-02-25 16:33 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-rec…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-rec…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-rec…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-rec…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3440…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
brechtvds	WP Recipe Maker	Affected: 0 , ≤ 10.2.3 (semver)

Credits

Abhinav Jaswal

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
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                "id": "CVE-2025-14742",
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Mitigation

Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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