Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003

ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340

Modes of introduction

Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history

Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8

Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5711 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-20114 (GCVE-0-2025-20114)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 16:19 – Updated: 2026-11-03 22:02

Title

Cisco Unified Intelligence Center Insecure Direct Object Reference Vulnerability

Summary

A vulnerability in the API of Cisco Unified Intelligence Center could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform a horizontal privilege escalation attack on an affected system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied parameters in API requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting crafted API requests to an affected system to execute an insecure direct object reference attack. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access specific data that is associated with different users on the affected system.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-05-22 03:55 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

cisco CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 66/100 over 434 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/c…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Cisco	Cisco Unified Contact Center Express	Affected: 10.6(1) Affected: 10.5(1)SU1 Affected: 10.6(1)SU3 Affected: 12.0(1) Affected: 10.0(1)SU1 Affected: 10.6(1)SU1 Affected: 11.0(1)SU1 Affected: 11.5(1)SU1 Affected: 10.5(1) Affected: 11.6(1) Affected: 11.6(2) Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 12.5(1)SU1 Affected: 12.5(1)SU2 Affected: 12.5(1)SU3 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES01 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU02_ES03 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU02_ES04 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU02_ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU01_ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU01_ES03 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU02_ES01 Affected: 11.6(2)ES07 Affected: 11.6(2)ES08 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU01_ES01 Affected: 12.0(1)ES04 Affected: 12.5(1)ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)ES03 Affected: 11.6(2)ES06 Affected: 12.5(1)ES01 Affected: 12.0(1)ES03 Affected: 12.0(1)ES01 Affected: 11.6(2)ES05 Affected: 12.0(1)ES02 Affected: 11.6(2)ES04 Affected: 11.6(2)ES03 Affected: 11.6(2)ES02 Affected: 11.6(2)ES01 Affected: 10.6(1)SU3ES03 Affected: 11.0(1)SU1ES03 Affected: 10.6(1)SU3ES01 Affected: 10.5(1)SU1ES10 Affected: 10.0(1)SU1ES04 Affected: 11.5(1)SU1ES03 Affected: 11.6(1)ES02 Affected: 11.5(1)ES01 Affected: 9.0(2)SU3ES04 Affected: 10.6(1)SU2 Affected: 10.6(1)SU2ES04 Affected: 11.6(1)ES01 Affected: 10.6(1)SU3ES02 Affected: 11.5(1)SU1ES02 Affected: 11.5(1)SU1ES01 Affected: 8.5(1) Affected: 11.0(1)SU1ES02 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES03 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES04 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES05 Affected: 12.5(1)_SU03_ES06
Cisco	Cisco Unified Intelligence Center	Affected: 11.6(1) Affected: 10.5(1) Affected: 11.0(1) Affected: 11.5(1) Affected: 12.0(1) Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 11.0(2) Affected: 12.6(1) Affected: 12.5(1)SU Affected: 12.6(1)_ET Affected: 12.6(1)_ES05_ET Affected: 11.0(3) Affected: 12.6(2) Affected: 12.6(2)_504_Issue_ET Affected: 12.6.1_ExcelIssue_ET Affected: 12.6(2)_Permalink_ET Affected: 12.6.2_CSCwk19536_ET Affected: 12.6.2_CSCwm96922_ET Affected: 12.6.2_Amq_OOS_ET Affected: 12.5(2)ET_CSCwi79933 Affected: 12.6(2)_ET Affected: 12.6.2_CSCwn48501_ET

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-20114",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-05-22T03:55:20.310719Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-11-03T22:02:52.086Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "Cisco Unified Contact Center Express",
          "vendor": "Cisco",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.6(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.5(1)SU1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.6(1)SU3"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.0(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.0(1)SU1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.6(1)SU1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0(1)SU1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.5(1)SU1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.5(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(2)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)SU1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)SU2"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)SU3"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU02_ES03"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU02_ES04"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU02_ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU01_ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU01_ES03"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU02_ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(2)ES07"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(2)ES08"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU01_ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.0(1)ES04"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)ES03"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(2)ES06"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.0(1)ES03"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.0(1)ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(2)ES05"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.0(1)ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(2)ES04"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(2)ES03"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(2)ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(2)ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.6(1)SU3ES03"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0(1)SU1ES03"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.6(1)SU3ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.5(1)SU1ES10"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.0(1)SU1ES04"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.5(1)SU1ES03"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(1)ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.5(1)ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "9.0(2)SU3ES04"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.6(1)SU2"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.6(1)SU2ES04"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(1)ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.6(1)SU3ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.5(1)SU1ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.5(1)SU1ES01"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "8.5(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0(1)SU1ES02"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES03"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES04"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES05"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)_SU03_ES06"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "Cisco Unified Intelligence Center",
          "vendor": "Cisco",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.6(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10.5(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.5(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.0(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0(2)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6(1)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(1)SU"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6(1)_ET"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6(1)_ES05_ET"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11.0(3)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6(2)"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6(2)_504_Issue_ET"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6.1_ExcelIssue_ET"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6(2)_Permalink_ET"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6.2_CSCwk19536_ET"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6.2_CSCwm96922_ET"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6.2_Amq_OOS_ET"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.5(2)ET_CSCwi79933"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6(2)_ET"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "12.6.2_CSCwn48501_ET"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability in the API of Cisco Unified Intelligence Center could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform a horizontal privilege escalation attack on an affected system.\r\n\r\nThis vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied parameters in API requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting crafted API requests to an affected system to execute an insecure direct object reference attack. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access specific data that is associated with different users on the affected system."
        }
      ],
      "exploits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerabilities that are described in this advisory."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 4.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "cvssV3_1"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "cwe"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-05-21T16:19:33.618Z",
        "orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
        "shortName": "cisco"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "cisco-sa-cuis-priv-esc-3Pk96SU4",
          "url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-cuis-priv-esc-3Pk96SU4"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "cisco-sa-cuis-priv-esc-3Pk96SU4",
        "defects": [
          "CSCwk34894"
        ],
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Cisco Unified Intelligence Center Insecure Direct Object Reference Vulnerability"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
    "assignerShortName": "cisco",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-20114",
    "datePublished": "2025-05-21T16:19:33.618Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-10-10T19:15:13.210Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-11-03T22:02:52.086Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-15657 (GCVE-0-2025-15657)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 12:47 – Updated: 2026-06-17 14:37

Title

WordPress School Management plugin <= 93.1.0 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability

Summary

Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in School Management <= 93.1.0 versions.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-17 14:36 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3444 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Mojoomla	School Management	Affected: n/a , ≤ 93.1.0 (custom)

Credits

Tran Nguyen Bao Khanh (VCI - VNPT Cyber Immunity) | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15657",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-06-17T14:36:53.361192Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-06-17T14:37:47.983Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://wordpress.org/plugins",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "school-management",
          "product": "School Management",
          "vendor": "Mojoomla",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "93.1.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "user": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
          "value": "Tran Nguyen Bao Khanh (VCI - VNPT Cyber Immunity) | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in School Management \u003c= 93.1.0 versions."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Unauthenticated Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in School Management \u003c= 93.1.0 versions."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-180",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-180 Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-17T12:47:18.353Z",
        "orgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
        "shortName": "Patchstack"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry"
          ],
          "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/school-management/vulnerability/wordpress-school-management-plugin-plugin-93-1-0-insecure-direct-object-references-idor-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "WordPress School Management plugin \u003c= 93.1.0 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
    "assignerShortName": "Patchstack",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-15657",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-17T12:47:18.353Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-03T09:11:02.919Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-17T14:37:47.983Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-15626 (GCVE-0-2025-15626)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-27 12:47 – Updated: 2026-04-27 13:57

Title

Authenticated user can bypass authorization in Ribblr - Crochet & Knitting iOS application

Summary

Authenticated user can bypass authorization in Ribblr - Crochet & Knitting iOS application

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:Y

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-04-27 13:57 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key

Assigner

NCSC-FI CNA under the ENISA root

CNA scorecard – unranked: 4 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://ribblr.com/

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Ribblr	Crotchet and Knitting	Affected: 2.5

Credits

Aino Kivilahti

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15626",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-27T13:57:28.918618Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-04-27T13:57:35.842Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "platforms": [
            "iOS"
          ],
          "product": "Crotchet and Knitting",
          "vendor": "Ribblr",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.5"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Aino Kivilahti"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Authenticated user can bypass authorization in Ribblr - Crochet \u0026amp; Knitting iOS application"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Authenticated user can bypass authorization in Ribblr - Crochet \u0026 Knitting iOS application"
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-122",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-122 Privilege Abuse"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "YES",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:Y",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-27T12:47:43.307Z",
        "orgId": "db4dfee8-a97e-4877-bfae-eba6d14a2166",
        "shortName": "NCSC-FI"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://ribblr.com/"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Authenticated user can bypass authorization in Ribblr - Crochet \u0026 Knitting iOS application",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.1"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "db4dfee8-a97e-4877-bfae-eba6d14a2166",
    "assignerShortName": "NCSC-FI",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-15626",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-27T12:47:43.307Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-04-09T08:02:43.824Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-27T13:57:35.842Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-15582 (GCVE-0-2025-15582)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 16:32 – Updated: 2026-02-23 19:01

Title

detronetdip E-commerce Product Management Update authorization

Summary

A security flaw has been discovered in detronetdip E-commerce 1.0.0. The impacted element is the function Delete/Update of the component Product Management Module. Performing a manipulation of the argument ID results in authorization bypass. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-02-23 19:01 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass
CWE-285 - Improper Authorization

Assigner

VulDB CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3839 records in the last 180 days details

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.346486	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346486	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.754030	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/detronetdip/E-commerce/issues/23	issue-tracking
https://github.com/Nixon-H/Ecommerce-IDOR-Product…	exploit
https://github.com/detronetdip/E-commerce/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
detronetdip	E-commerce	Affected: 1.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:detronetdip:e-commerce::::::::

Credits

Nixon-H (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15582",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-02-23T19:01:25.916006Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-02-23T19:01:50.090Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:detronetdip:e-commerce:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
            "Product Management Module"
          ],
          "product": "E-commerce",
          "vendor": "detronetdip",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Nixon-H (VulDB User)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A security flaw has been discovered in detronetdip E-commerce 1.0.0. The impacted element is the function Delete/Update of the component Product Management Module. Performing a manipulation of the argument ID results in authorization bypass. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 5.4,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 5.4,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
            "version": "3.0"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV2_0": {
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
            "version": "2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "Authorization Bypass",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-285",
              "description": "Improper Authorization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-02-23T10:26:34.208Z",
        "orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
        "shortName": "VulDB"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "VDB-346486 | detronetdip E-commerce Product Management Update authorization",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.346486"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-346486 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
            "signature",
            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346486"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #754030 | detronetdip E-commerce 1.0 Access Control Violation",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.754030"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/detronetdip/E-commerce/issues/23"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Nixon-H/Ecommerce-IDOR-Product-Manipulation"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/detronetdip/E-commerce/"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-02-18T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-02-18T01:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-02-22T19:49:13.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "detronetdip E-commerce Product Management Update authorization"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-15582",
    "datePublished": "2026-02-20T16:32:07.871Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-02-18T14:09:50.957Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-02-23T19:01:50.090Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-15521 (GCVE-0-2025-15521)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-21 01:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:58

Title

Academy LMS – WordPress LMS Plugin for Complete eLearning Solution <= 3.5.0 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover

Summary

The Academy LMS – WordPress LMS Plugin for Complete eLearning Solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.0. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their password and relying solely on a publicly-exposed nonce for authorization. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user's password, including administrators, and gain access to their account.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-21 15:30 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/academ…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
kodezen	Academy LMS – WordPress LMS Plugin for Complete eLearning Solution	Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.5.0 (semver)

Credits

vgo0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15521",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-01-21T15:30:56.215183Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-01-21T15:43:35.602Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Academy LMS \u2013 WordPress LMS Plugin for Complete eLearning Solution",
          "vendor": "kodezen",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "3.5.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "vgo0"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Academy LMS \u2013 WordPress LMS Plugin for Complete eLearning Solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.0. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user\u0027s identity prior to updating their password and relying solely on a publicly-exposed nonce for authorization. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to change arbitrary user\u0027s password, including administrators, and gain access to their account."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:58:00.512Z",
        "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "shortName": "Wordfence"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6687ebbe-fdf4-4ecb-bf59-034bb4b0104c?source=cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/academy/tags/3.5.0/includes/functions.php#L1581"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-12-31T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Discovered"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-01-14T15:47:53.000Z",
          "value": "Vendor Notified"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-01-20T11:36:57.000Z",
          "value": "Disclosed"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Academy LMS \u2013 WordPress LMS Plugin for Complete eLearning Solution \u003c= 3.5.0 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-15521",
    "datePublished": "2026-01-21T01:23:31.967Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-01-14T15:32:20.670Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T16:58:00.512Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-15370 (GCVE-0-2025-15370)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-16 04:44 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:26

Title

Shield Security <= 21.0.9 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Disable Google Authenticator

Summary

The Shield: Blocks Bots, Protects Users, and Prevents Security Breaches plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 21.0.9 via the MfaGoogleAuthToggle class due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to disable Google Authenticator for any user.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-16 14:43 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-sim…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3438…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
paultgoodchild	Shield: Blocks Bots, Protects Users, and Prevents Security Breaches	Affected: 0 , ≤ 21.0.9 (semver)

Credits

Dmitrii Ignatyev

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15370",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-01-16T14:43:58.729359Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-01-16T14:44:37.016Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Shield: Blocks Bots, Protects Users, and Prevents Security Breaches",
          "vendor": "paultgoodchild",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "21.0.9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Dmitrii Ignatyev"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Shield: Blocks Bots, Protects Users, and Prevents Security Breaches plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 21.0.9 via the MfaGoogleAuthToggle class due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to disable Google Authenticator for any user."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 4.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:26:36.042Z",
        "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "shortName": "Wordfence"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d777014a-5397-4062-af39-7ea86589a0d0?source=cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-simple-firewall/tags/21.0.8/src/lib/src/ActionRouter/Actions/MfaGoogleAuthToggle.php"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3438647/wp-simple-firewall"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-01-15T15:58:56.000Z",
          "value": "Disclosed"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Shield Security \u003c= 21.0.9 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Disable Google Authenticator"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-15370",
    "datePublished": "2026-01-16T04:44:35.383Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-30T17:25:48.869Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:26:36.042Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-15147 (GCVE-0-2025-15147)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-09 23:23 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:21

Title

WCFM Membership – WooCommerce Memberships for Multivendor Marketplace <= 2.11.8 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Update Membership Payment

Summary

The WCFM Membership – WooCommerce Memberships for Multivendor Marketplace plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.11.8 via the 'WCFMvm_Memberships_Payment_Controller::processing' due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to modify other users' membership payments.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-02-10 16:47 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3455…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wc-mul…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
wclovers	WCFM Membership – WooCommerce Memberships for Multivendor Marketplace	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.11.8 (semver)

Credits

Jing Xuan Sun

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15147",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-02-10T16:47:21.782233Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-02-10T16:47:58.682Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "WCFM Membership \u2013 WooCommerce Memberships for Multivendor Marketplace",
          "vendor": "wclovers",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "2.11.8",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Jing Xuan Sun"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The WCFM Membership \u2013 WooCommerce Memberships for Multivendor Marketplace plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 2.11.8 via the \u0027WCFMvm_Memberships_Payment_Controller::processing\u0027 due to missing validation on a user controlled key. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to modify other users\u0027 membership payments."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 4.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:21:40.486Z",
        "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "shortName": "Wordfence"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/c8d286db-b2a7-46c4-825f-dc67dda8a63d?source=cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3455830/wc-multivendor-membership#file436"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wc-multivendor-membership/tags/2.11.8/controllers/wcfmvm-controller-memberships-payment.php#L32"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-02-03T12:31:00.000Z",
          "value": "Vendor Notified"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-02-09T11:17:32.000Z",
          "value": "Disclosed"
        }
      ],
      "title": "WCFM Membership \u2013 WooCommerce Memberships for Multivendor Marketplace \u003c= 2.11.8 - Insecure Direct Object Reference to Update Membership Payment"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-15147",
    "datePublished": "2026-02-09T23:23:28.319Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-27T13:25:09.137Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:21:40.486Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-15096 (GCVE-0-2025-15096)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-11 09:49 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:19

Title

Videospirecore Theme Plugin <= 1.0.6 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Privilege Escalation via User Email Change/Account Takeover

Summary

The 'Videospirecore Theme Plugin' plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.6. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their details like email. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change arbitrary user's email addresses, including administrators, and leverage that to reset the user's password and gain access to their account.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-02-11 15:19 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://themeforest.net/item/videospire-video-str…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
kamleshyadav	Videospirecore Theme Plugin	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.0.6 (semver)

Credits

Nguyen Tan Phat

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15096",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-02-11T15:19:53.235453Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-02-11T15:20:08.834Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Videospirecore Theme Plugin",
          "vendor": "kamleshyadav",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.0.6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Nguyen Tan Phat"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The \u0027Videospirecore Theme Plugin\u0027 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.6. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user\u0027s identity prior to updating their details like email. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change arbitrary user\u0027s email addresses, including administrators, and leverage that to reset the user\u0027s password and gain access to their account."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:19:22.736Z",
        "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "shortName": "Wordfence"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/bf152269-73e1-473f-8d97-ce94e9b885d0?source=cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://themeforest.net/item/videospire-video-streaming-ott-platform-wordpress-theme/39243225?s_rank=1"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-02-10T21:29:59.000Z",
          "value": "Disclosed"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Videospirecore Theme Plugin \u003c= 1.0.6 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Privilege Escalation via User Email Change/Account Takeover"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-15096",
    "datePublished": "2026-02-11T09:49:23.282Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-25T15:05:00.627Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:19:22.736Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-15025 (GCVE-0-2025-15025)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-14 12:59 – Updated: 2026-05-14 13:44

Title

IDOR in Yordam Informatics' Library Automation System

Summary

Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key vulnerability in Yordam Information Technology Consulting, Training and Electronic Systems Industry and Trade Inc. Library Automation System allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers. This issue affects Library Automation System: from v.21.6 before v.22.1.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-05-14 13:44 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key

Assigner

TR-CERT CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 276 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler…	government-resource

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Yordam Information Technology Consulting, Training and Electronic Systems Industry and Trade Inc.	Library Automation System	Affected: v.21.6 , < v.22.1 (custom)

Date Public

2026-05-14 12:49

Credits

Serdar ÇATAL

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15025",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-05-14T13:44:10.967787Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-14T13:44:16.034Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Library Automation System",
          "vendor": "Yordam Information Technology Consulting, Training and Electronic Systems Industry and Trade Inc.",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "v.22.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "v.21.6",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Serdar \u00c7ATAL"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-05-14T12:49:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key vulnerability in Yordam Information Technology Consulting, Training and Electronic Systems Industry and Trade Inc. Library Automation System allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers.\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects Library Automation System: from v.21.6 before v.22.1.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key vulnerability in Yordam Information Technology Consulting, Training and Electronic Systems Industry and Trade Inc. Library Automation System allows Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers.\n\nThis issue affects Library Automation System: from v.21.6 before v.22.1."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-21",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-21 Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization bypass through User-Controlled key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-14T12:59:51.988Z",
        "orgId": "ca940d4e-fea4-4aa2-9a58-591a58b1ce21",
        "shortName": "TR-CERT"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "government-resource"
          ],
          "url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-26-0240"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "TR-26-0240",
        "defect": [
          "TR-26-0240"
        ],
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "IDOR in Yordam Informatics\u0027 Library Automation System",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "ca940d4e-fea4-4aa2-9a58-591a58b1ce21",
    "assignerShortName": "TR-CERT",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-15025",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-14T12:59:51.988Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-22T08:06:59.161Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-14T13:44:16.034Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2025-15018 (GCVE-0-2025-15018)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 08:21 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:35

Title

Optional Email <= 1.3.11 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation to Account Takeover

Summary

The Optional Email plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.11. This is due to the plugin not restricting its 'random_password' filter to registration contexts, allowing the filter to affect password reset key generation. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to set a known password reset key when initiating a password reset, reset the password of any user including administrators, and gain access to their accounts.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-07 16:17 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2454 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/option…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
djanym	Optional Email	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.3.11 (semver)

Credits

Drew Webber

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15018",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-01-07T16:17:34.204773Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-01-07T16:17:43.019Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Optional Email",
          "vendor": "djanym",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.3.11",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Drew Webber"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Optional Email plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation via Account Takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.11. This is due to the plugin not restricting its \u0027random_password\u0027 filter to registration contexts, allowing the filter to affect password reset key generation. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to set a known password reset key when initiating a password reset, reset the password of any user including administrators, and gain access to their accounts."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:35:18.878Z",
        "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "shortName": "Wordfence"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ff4243e9-cf72-40d5-bc7d-204426024a1d?source=cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/optional-email/tags/1.3.11/optional-email.php?marks=44,51#L44"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-12-19T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Discovered"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-01-06T19:57:29.000Z",
          "value": "Disclosed"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Optional Email \u003c= 1.3.11 - Unauthenticated Privilege Escalation to Account Takeover"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-15018",
    "datePublished": "2026-01-07T08:21:57.437Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-22T02:54:37.143Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:35:18.878Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

← Back to the CWE list