Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5709 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-31933 (GCVE-0-2025-31933)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 20:17 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Growatt Cloud Applications Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
An unauthenticated attacker can check the existence of usernames in the system by querying an API.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 15:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growatt | Cloud portal |
Affected:
0 , < 3.6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
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CVE-2025-31867 (GCVE-0-2025-31867)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-01 14:52 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress JS Job Manager Plugin <= 2.0.2 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in JoomSky JS Job Manager js-jobs allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects JS Job Manager: from n/a through <= 2.0.2.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-01 15:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| JoomSky | JS Job Manager |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.0.2
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:38
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CVE-2025-31833 (GCVE-0-2025-31833)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-01 14:51 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress JobBoard Job listing plugin Plugin <= 1.2.8 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in themeglow JobBoard Job listing job-board-light allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects JobBoard Job listing: from n/a through <= 1.2.8.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-01 19:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| themeglow | JobBoard Job listing |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.8
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:38
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CVE-2025-31654 (GCVE-0-2025-31654)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 21:07 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
An attacker can get information about the groups of the smart home devices for arbitrary users (i.e., "rooms").
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 14:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
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| Growatt | Cloud portal |
Affected:
0 , < 3.6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
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CVE-2025-31360 (GCVE-0-2025-31360)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 21:48 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
Unauthenticated attackers can trigger device actions associated with specific "scenes" of arbitrary users.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 14:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growatt | Cloud portal |
Affected:
0 , < 3.6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
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CVE-2025-31357 (GCVE-0-2025-31357)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 20:21 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
An unauthenticated attacker can obtain a user's plant list by knowing the username.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 15:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growatt | Cloud portal |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
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CVE-2025-31147 (GCVE-0-2025-31147)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 21:50 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
Unauthenticated attackers can query information about total energy consumed by EV chargers of arbitrary users.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 14:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growatt | Cloud portal |
Affected:
0 , < 3.6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
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CVE-2025-30777 (GCVE-0-2025-30777)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-27 10:54 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Support Genix plugin <= 1.4.11 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) Vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in DevItems Support Genix support-genix-lite allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Support Genix: from n/a through <= 1.4.11.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-27 13:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DevItems | Support Genix |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.4.11
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:36
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CVE-2025-30514 (GCVE-0-2025-30514)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 21:05 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
Unauthenticated attackers can obtain restricted information about a user's smart device collections (i.e., "scenes").
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 14:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growatt | Cloud portal |
Affected:
0 , < 3.6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
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CVE-2025-30257 (GCVE-0-2025-30257)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 21:53 – Updated: 2025-04-16 13:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
Unauthenticated attackers can retrieve serial number of smart meters associated to a specific user account.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 13:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growatt | Cloud portal |
Affected:
0 , < 3.6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.