Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5709 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-34293 (GCVE-0-2025-34293)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-24 21:16 – Updated: 2026-05-14 02:08
VLAI
Title
GN4 Publishing System Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) Information Disclosure
Summary
GN4 Publishing System versions prior to 2.6 contain an insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability via the API. Authenticated requests to the API's object endpoints allow an authenticated user to request arbitrary user IDs and receive sensitive account data for those users, including the stored password and the account's security question and answer. The exposed recovery data and encrypted password may be used to reset or take over the target account.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-27 15:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Credits
Victor A. Morales, Senior Pentester Team Leader, GMSecTec Inc. Omar Crespo, Pentester, GMSecTec Inc.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-34140 (GCVE-0-2025-34140)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-22 12:34 – Updated: 2026-07-28 01:48
VLAI
Title
ETQ Reliance CG/NXG API Authorization Bypass via ;localized-text URI Suffix
Summary
An authorization bypass vulnerability exists in ETQ Reliance (legacy CG and NXG SaaS platforms). By appending a specific URI suffix to certain API endpoints, an unauthenticated attacker can bypass access control checks and retrieve limited sensitive resources. The root cause was a misconfiguration in API authorization logic, which has since been corrected in SE.2025.1 and 2025.1.2.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-22 13:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ETQ Reliance CG (legacy) Affected: 0 , < SE.2025.1 (custom)
Unaffected: SE.2025.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
ETQ Reliance NXG (SaaS) Affected: 0 , < 2025.1.2 (custom)
Unaffected: 2025.1.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Adam Kues and Shubham Shah of Assetnote
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-32781 (GCVE-0-2025-32781)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 16:31 – Updated: 2026-07-15 17:29
VLAI
Title
Apollo: Apollo Portal release endpoint allows cross-application configuration disclosure via releaseId
Summary
Apollo is a reliable configuration management system suitable for microservice configuration management scenarios. Prior to 2.5.0, Apollo Portal does not verify application and namespace permissions when an authenticated user requests a release by ID through GET /envs/{env}/releases/{releaseId} while configView.memberOnly.envs is enabled, allowing a low-privileged Portal user who obtains or guesses a valid releaseId to read configuration data from other applications and namespaces without calling UserPermissionValidator.shouldHideConfigToCurrentUser(...). This issue is fixed in version 2.5.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 17:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7895 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
apolloconfig apollo Affected: < 2.5.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-32373 (GCVE-0-2025-32373)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-09 15:14 – Updated: 2025-04-09 15:42
VLAI
Title
DNN allows a registered user to enumerate and access files they should not have access to
Summary
DNN (formerly DotNetNuke) is an open-source web content management platform (CMS) in the Microsoft ecosystem. In limited configurations, registered users may be able to craft a request to enumerate/access some portal files they should not have access to. This vulnerability is fixed in 9.13.8.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-09 15:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7895 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
dnnsoftware Dnn.Platform Affected: < 9.13.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-32223 (GCVE-0-2025-32223)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-19 08:05 – Updated: 2026-04-29 09:51
VLAI
Title
WordPress Tutor LMS plugin <= 3.9.4 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability
Summary
Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Themeum Tutor LMS tutor allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Tutor LMS: from n/a through <= 3.9.4.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-19 15:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3412 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Themeum Tutor LMS Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.9.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-01 16:38
Credits
daroo | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-31997 (GCVE-0-2025-31997)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-12 02:27 – Updated: 2025-10-14 14:53
VLAI
Title
HCL Unica Centralized Offer Management is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
Summary
HCL Unica Centralized Offer Management is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR). An attacker can bypass authorization and access resources in the system directly, for example database records or files.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-14 14:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
HCL CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 196 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-10-12 02:16
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-31950 (GCVE-0-2025-31950)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 21:16 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:08
VLAI
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
An unauthenticated attacker can obtain EV charger energy consumption information of other users.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 14:59 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 343 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Growatt Cloud portal Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.6.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
Credits
Forescout Technologies reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-31949 (GCVE-0-2025-31949)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 20:19 – Updated: 2025-04-15 20:34
VLAI
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
An authenticated attacker can obtain any plant name by knowing the plant ID.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-15 20:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 343 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Growatt Cloud portal Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.6.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
Credits
Forescout Technologies reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-31945 (GCVE-0-2025-31945)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 21:14 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:08
VLAI
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
An unauthenticated attacker can obtain other users' charger information.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 14:59 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 343 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Growatt Cloud portal Affected: 0 , < 3.6.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
Credits
Forescout Technologies reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-31941 (GCVE-0-2025-31941)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-15 20:28 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:10
VLAI
Title
Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Summary
An unauthenticated attacker can obtain a list of smart devices by knowing a valid username.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-16 15:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
icscert CNA under the icscert root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 343 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Growatt Cloud portal Affected: 0 , < 3.6.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-04-15 16:00
Credits
Forescout Technologies reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Cloud portal",
          "vendor": "Growatt",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "3.6.0",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Forescout Technologies reported these vulnerabilities to CISA."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2025-04-15T16:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eAn unauthenticated attacker can obtain a list of smart devices by knowing a valid username.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "An unauthenticated attacker can obtain a list of smart devices by knowing a valid username."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
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            "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
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            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-04-15T20:28:53.866Z",
        "orgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
        "shortName": "icscert"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-105-04"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eGrowatt reports the cloud-based vulnerabilities were patched and no user action is needed. Additionally, Growatt strongly recommends that their users take proactive steps in securing their devices and take the following actions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eUpdate all devices to the latest firmware version when available. (Updates are automatic, no user action needed.)\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eUse strong passwords and enable multi-factor authentication where applicable.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eReport any security concerns to \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eService@Growatt.com\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eStay vigilant. Users and installers should regularly review security settings, follow best practices, and report any unusual activity.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Growatt reports the cloud-based vulnerabilities were patched and no user action is needed. Additionally, Growatt strongly recommends that their users take proactive steps in securing their devices and take the following actions:\n\n  *  Update all devices to the latest firmware version when available. (Updates are automatic, no user action needed.)\n  *  Use strong passwords and enable multi-factor authentication where applicable.\n  *  Report any security concerns to Service@Growatt.com.\n  *  Stay vigilant. Users and installers should regularly review security settings, follow best practices, and report any unusual activity."
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "ICSA-25-105-04",
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Growatt Cloud portal Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "7d14cffa-0d7d-4270-9dc0-52cabd5a23a6",
    "assignerShortName": "icscert",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-31941",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-15T20:28:53.866Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-01T17:44:07.295Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-04-16T15:10:22.745Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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