Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-639

Weakness Allowed

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.

For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1000

ChildOf: CWE-863 · View CWE-1003

ChildOf: CWE-284 · View CWE-1340

Modes of introduction

Architecture and Design

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Architecture and Design

Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.

Implementation

One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.

Detection methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Maintenance

As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.

Content history

Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze · Cigital · 2008-01-30 · CWE Draft 8

Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja · 2024-08-09 · CWE 4.20

Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-07-17 · CWE 2.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction

5709 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-40659 (GCVE-0-2025-40659)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-10 10:06 – Updated: 2025-06-10 14:05

Title

Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in DM Corporative CMS

Summary

An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability has been found in DM Corporative CMS. This vulnerability allows an attacker to access the private area setting the option parameter equal to 0, 1 or 2 in /administer/selectionnode/framesSelectionNetworks.asp.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-06-10 14:04 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root

CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 152 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/avis…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Dmacroweb	DM Corporative CMS	Affected: 0 , < 2025.01 (custom)

Date Public

2025-06-10 09:00

Credits

Oscar Atienza

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-40658 (GCVE-0-2025-40658)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-10 10:05 – Updated: 2025-06-10 13:04

Title

Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in DM Corporative CMS

Summary

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-06-10 13:04 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root

CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 152 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/avis…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Dmacroweb	DM Corporative CMS	Affected: 0 , < 2025.01 (custom)

Date Public

2025-06-10 09:00

Credits

Oscar Atienza

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-40650 (GCVE-0-2025-40650)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-26 12:51 – Updated: 2025-05-27 14:08

Title

Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in Clickedu

Summary

Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Clickedu. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to retrieve information about student report cards.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-05-27 14:08 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

INCIBE CNA under the INCIBE root

CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 152 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/avis…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Clickedu	Clickedu	Affected: all versions

Date Public

2025-05-26 10:00

Credits

Kevin Gonzalvo Vicente

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-39434 (GCVE-0-2025-39434)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-17 15:16 – Updated: 2026-04-28 16:12

Title

WordPress Avatar plugin <= 0.1.4 - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) vulnerability

Summary

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Scott Taylor Avatar avatar allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Avatar: from n/a through <= 0.1.4.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-04-17 18:10 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

Patchstack CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 3411 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/…	vdb-entry

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Scott Taylor	Avatar	Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.1.4 (custom)

Date Public

2026-04-01 16:39

Credits

Nguyen Xuan Chien | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-36365 (GCVE-0-2025-36365)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-30 21:27 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04

Title

IBM Db2 Privilege Escalation

Summary

IBM Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows (includes Db2 Connect Server) 11.5.0 - 11.5.9 and 12.1.0 - 12.1.3 under specific configuration of cataloged remote storage aliases could allow an authenticated user to execute unauthorized commands due to an authorization bypass vulnerability using a user-controlled key.

Severity

6.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-31 04:56 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

ibm CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 88/100 over 1630 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7257665	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
IBM	Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows	Affected: 11.5.0 , ≤ 11.5.9 (semver) Affected: 12.1.0 , ≤ 12.1.3 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.0:::::linux:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.0:::::unix:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.0:::::aix:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.0:::::windows:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.0:::::zos:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.9:::::linux:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.9:::::unix:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.9:::::aix:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.9:::::windows:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:11.5.9:::::zos:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.0:::::linux:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.0:::::unix:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.0:::::aix:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.0:::::windows:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.0:::::zos:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.3:::::linux:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.3:::::unix:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.3:::::aix:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.3:::::windows:: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2:12.1.3:::::zos::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-36023 (GCVE-0-2025-36023)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-08 14:51 – Updated: 2025-08-08 15:07

Title

IBM Cloud Pak for Business Automation security bypass

Summary

IBM Cloud Pak for Business Automation 24.0.0 through 24.0.0 IF005 and 24.0.1 through 24.0.1 IF002 could allow an authenticated user to view sensitive user and system information due to an indirect object reference through a user-controlled key.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-08 15:07 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

ibm CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 88/100 over 1630 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7241570	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
IBM	Cloud Pak for Business Automation	Affected: 24.0.0 , ≤ 24.0.0 IF005 (semver) Affected: 24.0.1 , ≤ 24.0.1 IF002 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cloud_pak_for_business_automation:24.0.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cloud_pak_for_business_automation:24.0.0:ifix5:::::: cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cloud_pak_for_business_automation:24.0.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cloud_pak_for_business_automation:24.0.1:ifix2::::::

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-34438 (GCVE-0-2025-34438)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-17 19:51 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:13

Title

AVideo < 20.1 IDOR Arbitrary Video Rotation

Summary

AVideo versions prior to 20.1 contain an insecure direct object reference vulnerability allowing users with upload permissions to modify the rotation metadata of any video. The endpoint verifies upload capability but fails to enforce ownership or management rights for the targeted video.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-17 20:23 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/4a53ab2056	patch
https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/c2feaf25cb	patch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/avideo-idor-…	third-party-advisory
https://chocapikk.com/posts/2025/avideo-security-…	technical-descriptionexploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
World Wide Broadcast Network	AVideo	Affected: 0 , < 20.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:wwbn:avideo::::::::

Credits

Valentin Lobstein (Chocapikk)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-34437 (GCVE-0-2025-34437)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-17 19:50 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:13

Title

AVideo < 20.1 IDOR Arbitrary Comment Image Upload

Summary

AVideo versions prior to 20.1 permit any authenticated user to upload comment images to videos owned by other users. The endpoint validates authentication but omits ownership checks, allowing attackers to perform unauthorized uploads to arbitrary video objects.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-17 20:24 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/4a53ab2056	patch
https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/d411f91805	patch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/avideo-idor-…	third-party-advisory
https://chocapikk.com/posts/2025/avideo-security-…	technical-descriptionexploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
World Wide Broadcast Network	AVideo	Affected: 0 , < 20.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:wwnb:avideo::::::::

Credits

Valentin Lobstein (Chocapikk)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-34436 (GCVE-0-2025-34436)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-17 19:50 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:13

Title

AVideo < 20.1 IDOR Arbitrary File Upload

Summary

AVideo versions prior to 20.1 allow any authenticated user to upload files into directories belonging to other users due to an insecure direct object reference. The upload functionality verifies authentication but does not enforce ownership checks.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-17 20:24 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/4a53ab2056	patch
https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/c279999cbd	patch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/avideo-idor-…	third-party-advisory
https://chocapikk.com/posts/2025/avideo-security-…	technical-descriptionexploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
World Wide Broadcast Network	AVideo	Affected: 0 , < 20.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:wwbn:avideo::::::::

Credits

Valentin Lobstein (Chocapikk)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2025-34435 (GCVE-0-2025-34435)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-17 19:50 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:13

Title

AVideo < 20.1 IDOR Arbitrary File Deletion

Summary

AVideo versions prior to 20.1 are vulnerable to an insecure direct object reference (IDOR) that allows any authenticated user to delete media files belonging to other users. The affected endpoint validates authentication but fails to verify ownership or edit permissions for the targeted video.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-12-17 20:24 UTC

CWE

CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7605 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/4a53ab2056	patch
https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/275a54268b	patch
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/avideo-idor-…	third-party-advisory
https://chocapikk.com/posts/2025/avideo-security-…	technical-descriptionexploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
World Wide Broadcast Network	AVideo	Affected: 0 , < 20.1 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:wwbn:avideo::::::::

Credits

Valentin Lobstein (Chocapikk)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation

Architecture and Design

For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design Implementation

Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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