Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-639
Weakness AllowedAuthorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.
It is likely that an attacker would have to be an authenticated user in the system. However, the authorization process would not properly check the data access operation to ensure that the authenticated user performing the operation has sufficient entitlements to perform the requested data access, hence bypassing any other authorization checks present in the system.
For example, attackers can look at places where user specific data is retrieved (e.g. search screens) and determine whether the key for the item being looked up is controllable externally. The key may be a hidden field in the HTML form field, might be passed as a URL parameter or as an unencrypted cookie variable, then in each of these cases it will be possible to tamper with the key value.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Architecture and Design
Retrieval of a user record occurs in the system based on some key value that is under user control. The key would typically identify a user-related record stored in the system and would be used to lookup that record for presentation to the user.
Implementation
One manifestation of this weakness is when a system uses sequential or otherwise easily-guessable session IDs that would allow one user to easily switch to another user's session and read/modify their data.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Maintenance
As of CWE 4.20, the relationship between IDOR and BOLA needs to be investigated more closely, including research into how these terms are used in the industry. The CWE team suspects that IDOR can be a part of BOLA, but BOLA expands on the weakness inherent to IDOR in that it is not only about objects that are being directly referenced.
Content history
Submission: Evgeny Lebanidze
· Cigital
· 2008-01-30
· CWE Draft 8
Contribution: Mateus Godinho Pantoja
· 2024-08-09
· CWE 4.20
Suggested corrections to use of IDOR versus BOLA
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Type
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Description, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-06-20
· CWE 3.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Alternate_Terms
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-10-26
· CWE 4.13
updated Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Demonstrative_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Alternate_Terms, Maintenance_Notes, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Description, Modes_of_Introduction, Time_of_Introduction
5711 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-41092 (GCVE-0-2025-41092)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 11:12 – Updated: 2025-09-30 19:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GPS BOLD Workplanner
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to access to time records details using unauthorised internal identifiers.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GLOBAL PLANNING SOLUTIONS S.L (GPS) | BOLD Workplanner |
Affected:
2.5.24
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CVE-2025-41091 (GCVE-0-2025-41091)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 11:10 – Updated: 2025-09-30 19:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GPS BOLD Workplanner
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in BOLD Workplanner in versions prior to 2.5.25 (4935b438f9b), consisting of a lack of adequate validation of user input, allowing an authenticated user to access to calendar details using unauthorised internal identifiers.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GLOBAL PLANNING SOLUTIONS S.L (GPS) | BOLD Workplanner |
Affected:
2.5.24
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CVE-2025-41086 (GCVE-0-2025-41086)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-02 13:22 – Updated: 2025-12-02 14:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authorization bypass in GAMS from GAMS Development Corp.
Summary
Vulnerability in the access control system of the GAMS licensing system that allows unlimited valid licenses to be generated, bypassing any usage restrictions. The validator uses an insecure checksum algorithm; knowing this algorithm and the format of the license lines, an attacker can recalculate the checksum and generate a valid license to grant themselves full privileges without credentials or access to the source code, allowing them unrestricted access to GAMS's mathematical models and commercial solvers.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-02 14:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/avis… | |
| https://www.gams.com/latest/docs/RN_51.html | patchrelease-notes |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMS Development Corp. | GAMS |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 49.6.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:ams_development_corp.:gams:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2025-11-28 11:00
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CVE-2025-41077 (GCVE-0-2025-41077)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 14:54 – Updated: 2026-01-12 16:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Multiple vulnerabilities in Viafirma products
Summary
IDOR vulnerability has been found in Viafirma Inbox v4.5.13 that allows any authenticated user without privileges in the application to list all users, access and modify their data. This allows the user's email addresses to be modified and, subsequently, using the password recovery functionality to access the application by impersonating any user, including those with administrative permissions.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-12 15:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Date Public
2026-01-12 14:43
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CVE-2025-41069 (GCVE-0-2025-41069)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-13 13:23 – Updated: 2025-11-13 13:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) in DeporSite of T-Innova DeporSite
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in DeporSite of T-INNOVA. This vulnerability allows an attacker to access or modify unauthorized resources by manipulating requests using the 'idUsuario' parameter in ‘/ajax/TInnova_v2/Formulario_Consentimiento/llamadaAjax/obtenerDatosConsentimientos’, which could lead to the exposure or alteration os confidential data.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-13 13:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| T-Innova DeporSite | DSuite 2025 |
Affected:
v02.14.1115
|
Date Public
2025-11-13 12:14
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CVE-2025-41020 (GCVE-0-2025-41020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-16 07:59 – Updated: 2025-10-16 15:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Sergestec's Exito
Summary
Insecure direct object reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Sergestec's Exito v8.0. This vulnerability allows an attacker to access data belonging to other customers through the 'id' parameter in '/admin/ticket_a4.php'.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-16 13:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Date Public
2025-10-14 10:00
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CVE-2025-40805 (GCVE-0-2025-40805)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 09:44 – Updated: 2026-05-12 08:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Affected devices do not properly enforce user authentication on specific API endpoints. This could facilitate an unauthenticated remote attacker to circumvent authentication and impersonate a legitimate user. Successful exploitation requires that the attacker has learned the identity of a legitimate user.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 17:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
107 products
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CVE-2025-40773 (GCVE-0-2025-40773)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 09:15 – Updated: 2025-10-14 19:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SiPass integrated (All versions < V3.0). Affected server applications contains a broken access control vulnerability. The authorization mechanism lacks sufficient server-side checks, allowing an attacker to execute a specific API request.
Successful exploitation allows an attacker to potentially manipulate data belonging to other users.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-14 19:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | SiPass integrated |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-40676 (GCVE-0-2025-40676)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 12:21 – Updated: 2025-10-07 13:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Múltiples vulnerabilidades en Negotiator de BBMRI-ERIC
Summary
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in Negotiator v3.15.2 from Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources - European Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-ERIC). This vulnerability allows an attacker to access or modify unauthorised resources by manipulating requests that use the 'userID' parameter in '/api/v3/users/<userID>', which may result in the exposure or alteration of sensitive data
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-07 13:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BBMRI-ERIC | Negotiator |
Affected:
0 , < 3.15.5
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-10-07 10:00
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CVE-2025-40661 (GCVE-0-2025-40661)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-10 10:06 – Updated: 2025-06-10 14:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in DM Corporative CMS
Summary
An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability has been found in DM Corporative CMS. This vulnerability allows an attacker to access the private area setting the option parameter equal to 0, 1 or 2 in /administer/selectionnode/selection.asp.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-10 14:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dmacroweb | DM Corporative CMS |
Affected:
0 , < 2025.01
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-06-10 09:00
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
For each and every data access, ensure that the user has sufficient privilege to access the record that is being requested.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Make sure that the key that is used in the lookup of a specific user's record is not controllable externally by the user or that any tampering can be detected.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use encryption in order to make it more difficult to guess other legitimate values of the key or associate a digital signature with the key so that the server can verify that there has been no tampering.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.