Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Weakness Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1003
PeerOf: CWE-351 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-436 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
PeerOf: CWE-430 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000
Modes of introduction
Implementation
Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Detection methods

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).

This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

converted from Compound_Element to Weakness

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated References, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Detection_Factors, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

6649 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-105630 (GCVE-0-2026-105630)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 17:54 – Updated: 2026-10-05 18:41
VLAI
Title
Plane: Stored XSS via SVG attachment served inline on the application origin (account takeover)
Summary
Plane is an open-source project management tool. Prior to 1.4.0, an authenticated low-privilege workspace member, including a Guest, can upload an image/svg+xml file as a generic or issue attachment. The file retains the attacker-controlled Content-Type, and the asset-download endpoint creates a presigned URL with Content-Disposition: inline. In the default self-hosted MinIO deployment, the asset URL is served from the same origin as the Plane application, allowing embedded SVG JavaScript to execute in the application's security context. A victim, including a workspace administrator, who opens the link can have the session compromised through stored XSS, leading to account takeover. This issue is fixed in 1.4.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 18:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
  • CWE-616 - Incomplete Identification of Uploaded File Variables (PHP)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
makeplane plane Affected: < 1.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105606 (GCVE-0-2026-105606)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 19:01 – Updated: 2026-11-05 18:01
VLAI
Title
Joomla Extension - joomlaboat.com - Unauthenticated arbitrary file upload in Custom Tables < 3.7.8
Summary
Joomla Extension - joomlaboat.com - Unauthenticated arbitrary file upload in Custom Tables < 3.7.8 - An unauthenticated attacker can upload a polyglot file with an attacker-controlled extension to the web-accessible tmp directory of any Joomla site that exposes a public Custom Tables submission form, and the stored path is disclosed in the response. By default the uploaded file is served as static content, so the primary impact is an unauthenticated arbitrary file write to a web-accessible directory, which allows hosting of attacker-controlled content (for example phishing or malware pages) under the victim's domain.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 19:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Joomla CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 73/100 over 381 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://joomlaboat.com product
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105603 (GCVE-0-2026-105603)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 18:25 – Updated: 2026-11-05 17:54
VLAI
Title
Joomla Extension - dj-extensions.com - Authenticated arbitrary file upload in DJ-Classifieds < 3.11.3
Summary
Joomla Extension - dj-extensions.com - Authenticated arbitrary file upload in DJ-Classifieds < 3.11.3 - The Joomla extension DJ-Classifieds is vulnerable to an unprivileged file upload, leading to full RCE.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 19:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Joomla CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 73/100 over 381 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105389 (GCVE-0-2026-105389)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 19:30 – Updated: 2026-10-07 21:45
VLAI
Title
feelec-yishu feelcrm-os UploadTicketFile Endpoint UploadController.class.php unrestricted upload
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in feelec-yishu feelcrm-os 1.0.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file App/Feelcrm/Crm/Controller/UploadController.class.php of the component UploadTicketFile Endpoint. Such manipulation of the argument cmd leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 21:45 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3853 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
feelec-yishu feelcrm-os Affected: 1.0.0
    cpe:2.3:a:feelec-yishu:feelcrm-os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105123 (GCVE-0-2026-105123)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-03 22:30 – Updated: 2026-10-05 14:16
VLAI
Title
W (wcms) through 3.18.0 RCE and Arbitrary File Write via Media Upload API
Summary
W (vincent-peugnet/wcms) through 3.18.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated editors to write arbitrary files by abusing the unvalidated path in POST /api/v0/media/upload/[*:path]. Attackers can upload .php files executed by the web server, use encoded ../ sequences to write outside the media directory, and delete arbitrary files via DELETE /api/v0/media/[*:path].
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 14:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 8103 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vincent-peugnet wcms Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.18.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:wcms:wcms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-02 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105032 (GCVE-0-2026-105032)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 20:42 – Updated: 2026-10-16 19:48
VLAI
Title
EnergizeLab Eilik AI Skill Upload Unauthenticated Path Traversal Arbitrary File Write
Summary
The EnergizeLab Eilik and EilikO AI skill upload endpoint, served by the FastAPI AI inference and profiling services, does not require authentication and does not constrain uploaded file paths. An unauthenticated remote attacker can use path traversal to write arbitrary files, and thereby tamper with AI skill files used by Eilik and EilikO robots.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CNA · AHA (v2.0.3)
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 19:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
AHA CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 73/100 over 11 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-15 12:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-104913 (GCVE-0-2026-104913)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-07 02:29 – Updated: 2026-11-07 18:36
VLAI
Title
Interactive Real Estate <= 2.6.0- Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary File Upload via Project Import ZIP with Crafted image_map.json
Summary
The Interactive Real Estate – Floor Plan & Building Visualizer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Upload in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.0 via the extract_zip_data function. This is due to missing capability check, nonce verification, and file extension or MIME type validation before copying attacker-supplied ZIP members to the uploads directory. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to upload files that may be executable, which makes remote code execution possible. This vulnerability is only exploitable on sites where the plugin's Freemius Premium license or trial is active, as the sole gate in the handler is a site-level license check rather than a per-user capability check.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-07 18:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
Wordfence CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2451 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-104890 (GCVE-0-2026-104890)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 15:46 – Updated: 2026-10-07 20:50
VLAI
Title
Kunstmaan CMS: MediaBundle extension blacklist bypass allows authenticated administrators to upload executable PHP files leading to remote code execution
Summary
Kunstmaan CMS is an open source content management system based on the Symfony framework. Prior to 7.3.2, src/Kunstmaan/MediaBundle/Helper/File/FileHandler.php performs the blacklisted_extensions check case-sensitively in FileHandler::getFilePath and lowercases the stored extension afterward. An authenticated backend user with media access can upload a mixed-case executable extension such as PHP that bypasses the check and is stored in the web-accessible media directory with an executable lowercase extension. The default blacklist also omits several server-executable extension types, allowing the same code-execution impact where the web server executes uploaded files. This issue is fixed in version 7.3.2.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 20:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-104811 (GCVE-0-2026-104811)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 08:34 – Updated: 2026-10-05 12:38
VLAI
Title
Mitel MiVoice Office 400 Music on Hold WAV File Upload Code Execution
Summary
DigitalCanion SA has discovered a vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of the product. Authentication may be required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Configuration → Services → Music on Hold functionality of the web portal listening on TCP port 443. The application is intended to allow users to upload WAV audio files but fails to properly validate the uploaded file type. An attacker can exploit this behavior to upload a malicious shared object (.so) instead of a WAV file. When the uploaded file is subsequently processed by the affected component, attacker-controlled code is loaded and executed in the context of the affected process. This can result in remote code execution and potentially full compromise of the underlying Linux system.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 12:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-434 - — Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
  • CWE-20 - — Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-94 - — Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-829 - — Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
Assigner
NCSC.ch CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 79/100 over 81 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-104805 (GCVE-0-2026-104805)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 08:22 – Updated: 2026-10-05 12:57
VLAI
Title
Mitel MiVoice Office 400 Backup Restoration Arbitrary File Write Leading to Root Code Execution
Summary
DigitalCanion has discovered a vulnerability in the backup restoration functionality that allows an attacker with access to the configured backup repository to introduce arbitrary files into the system during restoration. The specific flaw exists within the backup restoration mechanism, which fails to properly validate the paths, file types, integrity, and authenticity of files contained within a restored TGZ archive. The application does not perform file-signature verification before extracting the archive, allowing a specially crafted backup to contain attacker-controlled files. An attacker with access to the backup SFTP or other configured repository can therefore provide a malicious TGZ archive that, when restored by the system, may place arbitrary files on the underlying Linux system. Depending on the location and permissions of the extracted files, this behavior can potentially be leveraged to achieve arbitrary code execution with root privileges and compromise the underlying virtual machine. The absence of enforced backup passwords further reduces the protection provided by the backup mechanism and may facilitate unauthorized access to the repository.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 12:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - — Path Traversal
  • CWE-73 - — External Control of File Name or Path
  • CWE-494 - — Download of Code Without Integrity Check
  • CWE-345 - — Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-434 - — Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
NCSC.ch CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 79/100 over 81 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Brian Mariani from DigitalCanion SA"
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              "value": "\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cp\u003eDigitalCanion has discovered a vulnerability in the backup restoration functionality that allows an attacker with access to the configured backup repository to introduce arbitrary files into the system during restoration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe specific flaw exists within the backup restoration mechanism, which fails to properly validate the paths, file types, integrity, and authenticity of files contained within a restored TGZ archive. The application does not perform file-signature verification before extracting the archive, allowing a specially crafted backup to contain attacker-controlled files.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn attacker with access to the backup SFTP or other configured repository can therefore provide a malicious TGZ archive that, when restored by the system, may place arbitrary files on the underlying Linux system. Depending on the location and permissions of the extracted files, this behavior can potentially be leveraged to achieve \u003cstrong\u003earbitrary code execution with root privileges\u003c/strong\u003e and compromise the underlying virtual machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe absence of enforced backup passwords further reduces the protection provided by the backup mechanism and may facilitate unauthorized access to the repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"
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          "capecId": "CAPEC-642",
          "descriptions": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-642 \u2014 Replace Binaries"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-150",
          "descriptions": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-150 \u2014 Collect Data from Common Locations"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-242",
          "descriptions": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-242 \u2014 Code Injection"
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          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "YES",
            "Recovery": "USER",
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          "descriptions": [
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          "descriptions": [
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              "cweId": "CWE-494",
              "description": "CWE-494 \u2014 Download of Code Without Integrity Check",
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              "type": "CWE"
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              "cweId": "CWE-345",
              "description": "CWE-345 \u2014 Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity",
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    "dateReserved": "2026-10-02T13:47:44.296Z",
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.