Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Weakness Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members

ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1000

ChildOf: CWE-669 · View CWE-1003

PeerOf: CWE-351 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000

PeerOf: CWE-436 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000

PeerOf: CWE-430 (symmetric) · View CWE-1000

Modes of introduction

Implementation

Architecture and Design

OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.

Detection methods

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Web Application Scanner

Web Services Scanner

Database Scanners

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Fuzz Tester

Framework-based Fuzzer

Effectiveness: SOAR Partial

Manual Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source

Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis - Source Code

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Source code Weakness Analyzer

Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer

Effectiveness: High

Architecture or Design Review

According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:

Highly cost effective:

Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction

Cost effective for partial coverage:

Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This can have a chaining relationship with incomplete denylist / permissive allowlist errors when the product tries, but fails, to properly limit which types of files are allowed (CWE-183, CWE-184).

This can also overlap multiple interpretation errors for intermediaries, e.g. anti-virus products that do not remove or quarantine attachments with certain file extensions that can be processed by client systems.

Content history

Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3

Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.15

Provided diagram to improve CWE usability

Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Applicable_Platforms, Functional_Areas, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Potential_Mitigations, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

converted from Compound_Element to Weakness

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationship_Notes, Relationships, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-04-05 · CWE 1.8.1

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated References, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-09-27 · CWE 1.10

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-09-13 · CWE 2.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Detection_Factors

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Applicable_Platforms, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-09-19 · CWE 3.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationship_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-04-28 · CWE 4.7

updated Research_Gaps

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Alternate_Terms, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-07-16 · CWE 4.15

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-11-19 · CWE 4.16

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Detection_Factors, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Observed_Examples, References

6649 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-107356 (GCVE-0-2026-107356)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 21:53 – Updated: 2026-11-10 21:53

Title

U.S. Geological Survey Area Species Management Research Program unrestricted file upload

Summary

U.S. Geological Survey Area Species Management Research Program (ARMI) accepts any uploaded file and stores the file under '/uploads/{upload-file}'. A remote, authenticated attacker could upload a crafted PHP file that executes and returns command output from the server when accessed. Fixed on 2026-07-20.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · cisa-cg (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-07 19:40 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

cisa-cg CNA under the CISA root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 137 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-107356	vdb-entry
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/de…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
U.S. Geological Survey	Area Species Management Research Program	Affected: 0 , < 2026-07-20 (custom) Unaffected: 2026-07-20

Date Public

2026-11-10 00:00

Credits

Blake Rash, CISA

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-107188 (GCVE-0-2026-107188)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 16:37 – Updated: 2026-10-20 19:30

Title

Eptura Archibus Workflow Rule Enables Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload Leading to Remote Code Execution

Summary

A user can upload export reports with any file contents and specify any contents. JSP code can be uploaded, JSPX can be specified as the file extension, and anyone can browse to the uploaded file, leading to command execution. The authentication bypass vulnerability can be chained with this vulnerability to run code on the server without authentication.

Severity

9.6 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-20 19:30 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type

Assigner

rapid7 CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard B 76/100 over 78 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/ve-authenticatio…	related

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Eptura	Archibus	Affected: 0 , < 2025.02 (semver)

Credits

Marcus Chang, Security Consultant, Rapid7

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-105899 (GCVE-0-2026-105899)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 20:21 – Updated: 2026-10-14 10:40

Title

ColdFusion | Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434)

Summary

ColdFusion is affected by an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction. Scope is changed.

Severity

10 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-14 03:59 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434)

Assigner

adobe CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 879 records in the last 180 days details

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.adobe.com/trust/security/products/col…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Adobe	ColdFusion 2025	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2025.0.13 (custom) Unaffected: 2025.0.14 (custom)
Adobe	ColdFusion 2023	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2023.0.25 (custom) Unaffected: 2023.0.26 (custom)

Date Public

2026-10-13 17:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
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}

CVE-2026-105868 (GCVE-0-2026-105868)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 16:51 – Updated: 2026-10-09 01:17

Title

Payload: Uploaded XML files could execute same-origin JavaScript

Summary

Payload is a free and open source headless content management system. In versions before 3.90.0 and canary versions before 4.0.0-canary.34, local upload configurations that accept XML files can store an XML file and stylesheet that execute JavaScript in the Payload origin when a logged-in user opens the file. This issue is fixed in versions 3.90.0 and 4.0.0-canary.34.

Severity

8.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-09 01:17 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/commit/a8c3…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
payloadcms	payload	Affected: < 3.90.0 Affected: >= 4.0.0-canary.0, < 4.0.0-canary.34

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
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CVE-2026-105862 (GCVE-0-2026-105862)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 16:37 – Updated: 2026-10-06 17:24

Title

Payload: Bypassed sanitization of user uploaded SVGs

Summary

Payload is a free and open source headless content management system. In versions before 3.90.0 and canary versions before 4.0.0-canary.34, a collection that allows downloadable SVG uploads can store a malicious SVG that bypasses sanitization and executes attacker-controlled JavaScript when a user downloads and opens the SVG. This issue is fixed in versions 3.90.0 and 4.0.0-canary.34.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-06 17:23 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/commit/a8c3…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/payloadcms/payload/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
payloadcms	payload	Affected: < 3.90.0 Affected: >= 4.0.0-canary.0, < 4.0.0-canary.34

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
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        "metrics": [
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                "id": "CVE-2026-105862",
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CVE-2026-105701 (GCVE-0-2026-105701)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 06:42 – Updated: 2026-10-06 16:06

Title

ACPT (Premium) <= 2.0.66 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Remote Code Execution via REST API Email Template

Summary

The ACPT (Premium) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.66 via the render function. This is due to missing capability check on the REST API form creation endpoint and unsandboxed Twig environment rendering email templates. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to execute code on the server. The exploit requires the attacker to first create a form with malicious email_settings via the REST API endpoint, then trigger form submission to execute the injected Twig expressions.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-06 16:06 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

Wordfence CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 2451 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://acpt.io/changelog/

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Mauro Cassani	ACPT (Premium)	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.0.66 (semver)

Credits

d.v4n_s3c

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
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                "id": "CVE-2026-105701",
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                    "Technical Impact": "total"
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CVE-2026-105679 (GCVE-0-2026-105679)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 19:22 – Updated: 2026-10-05 19:51

Title

Ghost: Stored XSS via File Uploads on Local Storage

Summary

Ghost is a Node.js content management system. From 6.22.1 until 6.64.0, Ghost restricted the content type used to serve uploaded files to prevent browsers from executing them. On sites using the default local storage adapter, this restriction was not applied, so files uploaded by any staff user were served with a content type derived from their file extension. This could be used to host scripts on the site's domain, possibly resulting in compromise of other staff users' admin sessions. This issue is fixed in version 6.64.0.

Severity

7.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-05 19:51 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/pull/30762	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/commit/58669d5c…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/releases/tag/v6.64.0	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
TryGhost	Ghost	Affected: >= 6.22.1, < 6.64.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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      {
        "metrics": [
          {
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CVE-2026-105651 (GCVE-0-2026-105651)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 19:09 – Updated: 2026-10-07 21:43

Title

Ghost: Stored XSS via Bookmark Card Images

Summary

Ghost is a Node.js content management system. From 5.94.0 until 6.64.0, when creating a bookmark card, Ghost could store non-image files fetched from an external website as bookmark icons or thumbnails. This allowed any staff user, including Contributors, to host arbitrary HTML on the site's domain, possibly resulting in compromise of other staff users' admin sessions. This issue is fixed in version 6.64.0.

Severity

7.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-07 21:43 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/issues/30761	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/commit/b41fe3f2…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/releases/tag/v6.64.0	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
TryGhost	Ghost	Affected: >= 5.94.0, < 6.64.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-105649 (GCVE-0-2026-105649)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 19:05 – Updated: 2026-10-06 14:51

Title

Ghost: Stored XSS via SVG Uploads Bypassing Sanitization

Summary

Ghost is a Node.js content management system. From 4.22.0 until 6.65.0, SVG media thumbnails and SVG images uploaded with a non-SVG file extension were stored without sanitization. This allowed any staff user, including Contributors, to host scripts on the site's domain, possibly resulting in compromise of other staff users' admin sessions. This issue is fixed in version 6.65.0.

Severity

7.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-06 14:36 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/issues/30919	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/commit/80686226…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/releases/tag/v6.65.0	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
TryGhost	Ghost	Affected: >= 4.22.0, < 6.65.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        "metrics": [
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CVE-2026-105644 (GCVE-0-2026-105644)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 18:53 – Updated: 2026-10-06 14:52

Title

Ghost: Stored XSS via SVG Files in Content Imports

Summary

Ghost is a Node.js content management system. From 4.0.0 until 6.67.0, SVG images included in content imports were stored without sanitization. An attacker who convinced an Administrator to import a crafted file could host scripts on the site's domain, possibly resulting in compromise of staff users' admin sessions. This issue is fixed in version 6.67.0.

Severity

6.8 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-06 14:36 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7820 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/pull/31060	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/commit/1be06f4e…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/TryGhost/Ghost/releases/tag/v6.66.0	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
TryGhost	Ghost	Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 6.67.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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        "metrics": [
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Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.

Mitigation

Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation

Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15

Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation

Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation

Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

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