Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-407

Allowed-with-Review

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.

440 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2023-2473 (GCVE-0-2023-2473)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-02 12:00 – Updated: 2025-01-30 14:16
VLAI
Title
Dreamer CMS Password Hash Calculation UserController.java updatePwd algorithmic complexity
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Dreamer CMS up to 4.1.3. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function updatePwd of the file UserController.java of the component Password Hash Calculation. The manipulation leads to inefficient algorithmic complexity. The attack can be initiated remotely. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-227860.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-30 14:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3957 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.227860 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.227860 signaturepermissions-required
https://gitee.com/isoftforce/dreamer_cms/issues/I6WHO7 issue-tracking
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Dreamer CMS Affected: 4.1.0
Affected: 4.1.1
Affected: 4.1.2
Affected: 4.1.3
Credits
VulDB Gitee Analyzer
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-36021 (GCVE-0-2022-36021)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-01 15:46 – Updated: 2025-03-07 21:05
VLAI
Title
Redis string pattern matching can be abused to achieve Denial of Service
Summary
Redis is an in-memory database that persists on disk. Authenticated users can use string matching commands (like `SCAN` or `KEYS`) with a specially crafted pattern to trigger a denial-of-service attack on Redis, causing it to hang and consume 100% CPU time. The problem is fixed in Redis versions 6.0.18, 6.2.11, 7.0.9.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-07 21:03 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7641 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
redis redis Affected: < 6.0.18
Affected: >= 6.2.0, < 6.2.11
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-22153 (GCVE-0-2022-22153)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-19 00:20 – Updated: 2024-09-17 01:50
VLAI
Title
SRX Series and MX Series with SPC3: A high percentage of fragments might lead to high latency or packet drops
Summary
An Insufficient Algorithmic Complexity combined with an Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in the flow processing daemon (flowd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series and MX Series with SPC3 allows an unauthenticated network attacker to cause latency in transit packet processing and even packet loss. If transit traffic includes a significant percentage (> 5%) of fragmented packets which need to be reassembled, high latency or packet drops might be observed. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series, MX Series with SPC3: All versions prior to 18.2R3; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S9, 18.4R3; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R2; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S1, 19.2R2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Algorithmic Complexity
  • Denial of Service (DoS)
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
juniper CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 85/100 over 175 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11261 x_refsource_CONFIRM
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Juniper Networks Junos OS Affected: unspecified , < 18.2R3 (custom)
Affected: 18.3 , < 18.3R3 (custom)
Affected: 18.4 , < 18.4R2-S9, 18.4R3 (custom)
Affected: 19.1 , < 19.1R2 (custom)
Affected: 19.2 , < 19.2R1-S1, 19.2R2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2022-01-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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                            "version_value": "19.2R1-S1, 19.2R2"
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            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
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              "url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11261"
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            "value": "The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue: 18.2R3, 18.3R3, 18.4R2-S9, 18.4R3, 19.1R2, 19.2R1-S1, 19.2R2, 19.3R1, and all subsequent releases."
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    "cveId": "CVE-2022-22153",
    "datePublished": "2022-01-19T00:20:54.857Z",
    "dateReserved": "2021-12-21T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-09-17T01:50:42.071Z",
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CVE-2020-27223 (GCVE-0-2020-27223)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-02-26 21:55 – Updated: 2025-08-20 10:03
VLAI
Summary
In Eclipse Jetty 9.4.6.v20170531 to 9.4.36.v20210114 (inclusive), 10.0.0, and 11.0.0 when Jetty handles a request containing multiple Accept headers with a large number of “quality” (i.e. q) parameters, the server may enter a denial of service (DoS) state due to high CPU usage processing those quality values, resulting in minutes of CPU time exhausted processing those quality values.
Severity
5.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
eclipse CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 177 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=571128 x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/security… x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r5612dc69e1f… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd8e24a3e482… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r35ab810c0f3… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2c2c7b29713… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1b7ed296a86… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc052fd4e9e9… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rdd6c47321db… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra47a26c0084… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
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https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r857b31ad16c… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
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https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3ce0e31b25a… x_refsource_MISC
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https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r27ad7843d06… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc721fe29105… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/reb3c6dc050c… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1414ab2b3f4… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2c947376491… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r068dfd35ce2… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r855b24a3bde… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html x_refsource_MISC
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2021040… x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf190d1d28e1… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4949 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_DEBIAN
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r65c714241b9… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/commit/10e… patch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
The Eclipse Foundation Eclipse Jetty Affected: 9.4.6.v20170531 , < unspecified (custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 9.4.36.v20210114 (custom)
Affected: 10.0.0
Affected: 11.0.0
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            "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] HyukjinKwon commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210307 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg opened a new pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210307 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg opened a new pull request #1625: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210308 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on pull request #1624: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210308 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on pull request #1625: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210308 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on a change in pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg closed pull request #1624: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on pull request #1624: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg closed pull request #1625: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on a change in pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-commits] 20210310 [zookeeper] branch branch-3.7 updated: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210310 [GitHub] [zookeeper] asfgit closed pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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          "name": "[solr-users] 20210310 Does CVE-2020-27223 impact Solr 8.6.1",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210308 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on a change in pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
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            },
            {
              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] ztzg commented on a change in pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
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              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210309 [GitHub] [zookeeper] arshadmohammad commented on pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
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              "refsource": "MLIST",
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            },
            {
              "name": "[zookeeper-notifications] 20210310 [GitHub] [zookeeper] asfgit closed pull request #1623: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
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              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r734f996149bb9b1796740385fcbdf3e093eb9aabedc0f20a48ea1d68@%3Cissues.zookeeper.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[zookeeper-commits] 20210310 [zookeeper] branch branch-3.7.0 updated: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0c6eced465950743f3041b03767a32b2e98d19731bd72277fc7ea428@%3Ccommits.zookeeper.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[zookeeper-commits] 20210310 [zookeeper] branch master updated: ZOOKEEPER-4233: dependency-check:check failing - Jetty 9.4.35.v20201120 - CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r897a6a14d03eab09e89b809d2a650f3765065201da5bc3db9a4dd6e8@%3Ccommits.zookeeper.apache.org%3E"
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              "name": "[solr-users] 20210310 Does CVE-2020-27223 impact Solr 8.6.1",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r07aedcb1ece62969c406cb84c8f0e22cec7e42cdc272f3176e473320@%3Cusers.solr.apache.org%3E"
            },
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              "name": "[nifi-issues] 20210310 [jira] [Created] (NIFI-8309) Update to latest Jetty due to reported CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4c92ea39167c0f7b096ae8268db496b5451d69606f0304b7c8a994c7@%3Cissues.nifi.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[lucene-dev] 20210310 Does CVE-2020-27223 impact Solr 8.6.1",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7ffd050d3bd7c90d95f4933560b5f4f15971ab9a5f5322fdce116243@%3Cdev.lucene.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[nifi-issues] 20210310 [jira] [Resolved] (NIFI-8309) Update to latest Jetty due to reported CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1b803e6ebdac5f670708878fb1b27cd7a0ce9d774a60e797e58cee6f@%3Cissues.nifi.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[lucene-dev] 20210310 Re: Does CVE-2020-27223 impact Solr 8.6.1",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
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            },
            {
              "name": "[nifi-issues] 20210310 [jira] [Commented] (NIFI-8309) Update to latest Jetty due to reported CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r463b12b27264c5e1e3c48c8c2cc5d33813d2f0d981102548fb3102fb@%3Cissues.nifi.apache.org%3E"
            },
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              "name": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3ce0e31b25ad4ee8f7c42b62cfdc72d1b586f5d6accd23f5295b6dd1@%3Cdev.kafka.apache.org%3E",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3ce0e31b25ad4ee8f7c42b62cfdc72d1b586f5d6accd23f5295b6dd1@%3Cdev.kafka.apache.org%3E"
            },
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              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re0d38cc2b5da28f708fc89de49036f3ace052c47a1202f7d70291614@%3Cdev.kafka.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Assigned] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r601f15f3de7ae3a7bbcd780c19155075c56443c2cdc1d193c03b4182@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] xkrogen opened a new pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd666e187ebea2fda8624683ab51e2a5ad2108f762d21bf1a383d7502@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] AmplabJenkins commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra2f529da674f25a7351543544f7d621b5227c49a0745913b1194d11e@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
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              "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Updated] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
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            },
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              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r521a077885ce79c44a799118c878589e81e525cab72d368e5cfb6f61@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
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              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r105f4e52feb051faeb9141ef78f909aaf5129d6ed1fc52e099c79463@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
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              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r27ad7843d060762cc942820566eeaa9639f75371afedf8124b943283@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-issues] 20210315 [jira] [Resolved] (SPARK-34752) Upgrade Jetty to 9.4.37 to fix CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc721fe2910533bffb6bd4d69ea8ff4f36066d260dbcd2d14e041614a@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] HyukjinKwon commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/reb3c6dc050c7ee18ea154cd94dba85d99aa6b02b84c4bb2138a4abf2@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210315 [GitHub] [spark] HyukjinKwon closed pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1414ab2b3f4bb4c0e736caff6dc8d15f93f6264f0cca5c47710d7bb3@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[spark-reviews] 20210316 [GitHub] [spark] xkrogen commented on pull request #31846: [SPARK-34752][BUILD] Bump Jetty to 9.4.37 to address CVE-2020-27223",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2c947376491a20d1cf143bf3c21ed74113e099d806cfe4c490a45ad8@%3Creviews.spark.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "[solr-issues] 20210407 [jira] [Created] (SOLR-15325) High security vulnerability in Jetty library bundled within Solr - CVE-2020-27223 (+1)",
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              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r068dfd35ce2193f6af28b74ff29ab148c2b2cacb235995576f5bea78@%3Cissues.solr.apache.org%3E"
            },
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              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r855b24a3bde3674256152edfc53fb8c9000f9b59db3fecbbde33b211@%3Cissues.solr.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210401-0005/",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210401-0005/"
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              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf190d1d28e1367d1664ef6bc2f71227566d7b6b39209817a5364da1f@%3Cissues.solr.apache.org%3E"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-4949",
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              "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4949"
            },
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "eclipse",
    "cveId": "CVE-2020-27223",
    "datePublished": "2021-02-26T21:55:13.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2020-10-19T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-08-20T10:03:37.386Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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}

CVE-2020-3548 (GCVE-0-2020-3548)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-18 15:53 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:32
VLAI
Title
Cisco Email Security Appliance Denial Of Service Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol implementation of Cisco AsyncOS software for Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause high CPU usage on an affected device, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to inefficient processing of incoming TLS traffic. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a series of crafted TLS packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to trigger a prolonged state of high CPU utilization. The affected device would still be operative, but response time and overall performance may be degraded.There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/RL:X/RC:X/E:X
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-18 16:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
cisco CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 66/100 over 377 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Secure Email Affected: N/A
Create a notification for this product.
cisco secure_email Affected: 0 , ≤ 13.5.1-277 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_email:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory."
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      "title": "Cisco Email Security Appliance Denial Of Service Vulnerability"
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}

CVE-2019-19331 (GCVE-0-2019-19331)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-12-16 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 02:16
VLAI
Summary
knot-resolver before version 4.3.0 is vulnerable to denial of service through high CPU utilization. DNS replies with very many resource records might be processed very inefficiently, in extreme cases taking even several CPU seconds for each such uncached message. For example, a few thousand A records can be squashed into one DNS message (limit is 64kB).
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 1032 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CZ.NIC knot-resolver Affected: 4.3.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
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        "references": [
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            "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-19331"
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            "url": "https://www.knot-resolver.cz/2019-12-04-knot-resolver-4.3.0.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20240426 [SECURITY] [DLA 3795-1] knot-resolver security update",
            "tags": [
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            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00017.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
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    ],
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        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
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            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
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            "version": "3.0"
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      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2024-04-26T07:06:04.638Z",
        "orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
        "shortName": "redhat"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-19331"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.knot-resolver.cz/2019-12-04-knot-resolver-4.3.0.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20240426 [SECURITY] [DLA 3795-1] knot-resolver security update",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00017.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
    "assignerShortName": "redhat",
    "cveId": "CVE-2019-19331",
    "datePublished": "2019-12-16T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2019-11-27T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T02:16:46.880Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

GHSA-22XX-XG3V-M8G7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-02 21:32
VLAI
Details

Pathway through 0.31.1, fixed in commit d09722e, document store applies a caller-supplied glob pattern to indexed document paths using a hand-written recursive matcher that branches two ways on each ** token without memoization, giving exponential worst-case complexity. The filepath_globpattern value is taken from the body of the unauthenticated HTTP endpoints /v1/retrieve, /v1/inputs and /v2/answer and compiled into a filter evaluated once per indexed document, with no length or **-count limit. A remote unauthenticated attacker can submit a short pattern containing many ** tokens to consume CPU for tens of seconds per request, and a small number of requests denies service.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-59094"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T20:17:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Pathway through 0.31.1, fixed in commit d09722e, document store applies a caller-supplied glob pattern to indexed document paths using a hand-written recursive matcher that branches two ways on each ** token without memoization, giving exponential worst-case complexity. The filepath_globpattern value is taken from the body of the unauthenticated HTTP endpoints /v1/retrieve, /v1/inputs and /v2/answer and compiled into a filter evaluated once per indexed document, with no length or **-count limit. A remote unauthenticated attacker can submit a short pattern containing many ** tokens to consume CPU for tens of seconds per request, and a small number of requests denies service.",
  "id": "GHSA-22xx-xg3v-m8g7",
  "modified": "2026-07-02T21:32:14Z",
  "published": "2026-07-02T21:32:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59094"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pathwaycom/pathway/issues/241"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pathwaycom/pathway/pull/250"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pathwaycom/pathway/commit/d09722eef03fd94bba701836eb4c7fbfa3d3b88e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/pathway-unauthenticated-denial-of-service-via-exponential-glob-pattern-matching-in-document-store"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-253C-MCHW-3W2R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-29 17:57 – Updated: 2026-09-29 17:57
VLAI
Summary
markdown-it linkify: true has two quadratic paths, so a few hundred KB of markdown blocks the event loop for tens of seconds
Details

Summary

Two independent quadratic paths in the linkify: true handling. Both are in markdown-it's own code rather than in linkify-it, which stays linear on both payloads.

src/rules_core/linkify.ts calls arrayReplaceAt once per linkified text token, and that rebuilds the whole children array each time. A paragraph of N soft-broken lines is one inline token with about 2N children, so you get N rebuilds over a 2N array. Schema-less emails are what reach it. A http:// link gets consumed by the inline rule first and never arrives as a text token, so those stay linear.

src/rules_inline/linkify.ts runs state.pending.match(SCHEME_RE) at every :// in the source. state.pending only gets truncated once a link is actually produced, so an unregistered scheme leaves it growing and every :// rescans the lot.

Proof of concept

Clean install of 15.0.0 from npm, new MarkdownIt({ linkify: true }).render(payload), Node 24.

N 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000
'a@b.co\n'.repeat(N), 34KB to 273KB 1.1s 4.7s 19.6s 89s
'a://'.repeat(N), 20KB to 156KB 0.25s 0.76s 3.1s 15.0s

Doubling the input roughly quadruples the time in both. With linkify: false the same inputs run in 25 to 131ms and stay flat.

Controls for the first one, all at N=20000: putting every email in a single text token ('a@b.co ') takes 0.59s, one email per paragraph ('a@b.co\n\n') takes 0.64s, and soft-broken lines with nothing linkifiable take 42ms. So it needs many children AND many of them linkifying. For the second, replaying just the SCHEME_RE calls against the same growing prefixes with no markdown-it involved accounts for 11.7s of the 15s.

Ordinary prose does it too. 'ping a@b.co ok\n'.repeat(20000) is 293KB and takes 31s.

Caveat

linkify is off by default, so this only reaches apps that turn it on.

Impact

Availability only. A few hundred KB of fairly ordinary markdown pins one core for tens of seconds, and because it's quadratic it degrades quickly with size. Nothing is read, written or executed.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "markdown-it"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "15.0.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "markdown-it"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-29T17:57:56Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nTwo independent quadratic paths in the `linkify: true` handling. Both are in markdown-it\u0027s own code rather than in linkify-it, which stays linear on both payloads.\n\n`src/rules_core/linkify.ts` calls `arrayReplaceAt` once per linkified text token, and that rebuilds the whole `children` array each time. A paragraph of N soft-broken lines is one inline token with about 2N children, so you get N rebuilds over a 2N array. Schema-less emails are what reach it. A `http://` link gets consumed by the inline rule first and never arrives as a text token, so those stay linear.\n\n`src/rules_inline/linkify.ts` runs `state.pending.match(SCHEME_RE)` at every `://` in the source. `state.pending` only gets truncated once a link is actually produced, so an unregistered scheme leaves it growing and every `://` rescans the lot.\n\n## Proof of concept\n\nClean install of 15.0.0 from npm, `new MarkdownIt({ linkify: true }).render(payload)`, Node 24.\n\n| N | 5,000 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 40,000 |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| `\u0027a@b.co\\n\u0027.repeat(N)`, 34KB to 273KB | 1.1s | 4.7s | 19.6s | 89s |\n| `\u0027a://\u0027.repeat(N)`, 20KB to 156KB | 0.25s | 0.76s | 3.1s | 15.0s |\n\nDoubling the input roughly quadruples the time in both. With `linkify: false` the same inputs run in 25 to 131ms and stay flat.\n\nControls for the first one, all at N=20000: putting every email in a single text token (`\u0027a@b.co \u0027`) takes 0.59s, one email per paragraph (`\u0027a@b.co\\n\\n\u0027`) takes 0.64s, and soft-broken lines with nothing linkifiable take 42ms. So it needs many children AND many of them linkifying. For the second, replaying just the `SCHEME_RE` calls against the same growing prefixes with no markdown-it involved accounts for 11.7s of the 15s.\n\nOrdinary prose does it too. `\u0027ping a@b.co ok\\n\u0027.repeat(20000)` is 293KB and takes 31s.\n\n## Caveat\n\n`linkify` is off by default, so this only reaches apps that turn it on.\n\n## Impact\n\nAvailability only. A few hundred KB of fairly ordinary markdown pins one core for tens of seconds, and because it\u0027s quadratic it degrades quickly with size. Nothing is read, written or executed.",
  "id": "GHSA-253c-mchw-3w2r",
  "modified": "2026-09-29T17:57:56Z",
  "published": "2026-09-29T17:57:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/security/advisories/GHSA-253c-mchw-3w2r"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit/09fa07118dda4c953f058848f53dae88395618ca"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit/aaadcfa6d817b3c5f89afb49d97c7b797a6dd4fd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it/commit/ad70f6b7cff64bee10e42a774147112480ca0d49"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/markdown-it/markdown-it"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "markdown-it linkify: true has two quadratic paths, so a few hundred KB of markdown blocks the event loop for tens of seconds"
}

GHSA-25MV-J2QR-V5JQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-14 00:32 – Updated: 2026-08-14 18:31
VLAI
Details

Previously, resolving relative paths containing parent directory ('..') segments performed string conversions and buffer rewrites on each step, resulting in quadratic time complexity and high memory allocation overhead. Now, path resolution operates on a byte buffer using index-based backtracking for '..' segments, eliminating the quadratic time complexity and significantly reducing memory allocations.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-56860"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T22:17:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Previously, resolving relative paths containing parent directory (\u0027..\u0027) segments performed string conversions and buffer rewrites on each step, resulting in quadratic time complexity and high memory allocation overhead. Now, path resolution operates on a byte buffer using index-based backtracking for \u0027..\u0027 segments, eliminating the quadratic time complexity and significantly reducing memory allocations.",
  "id": "GHSA-25mv-j2qr-v5jq",
  "modified": "2026-08-14T18:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-08-14T00:32:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56860"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.dev/cl/803681"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.dev/issue/80494"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/94pEornpRlI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6218"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2883-XCG3-V3HH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 21:24 – Updated: 2026-09-08 21:24
VLAI
Summary
js-yaml: maxTotalMergeKeys does not limit CPU use for empty merge sources
Details

Summary

maxTotalMergeKeys does not count empty mappings. An attacker can repeatedly merge a large sequence of them and consume significant CPU without reaching the configured limit.

Example

arr: &arr [{}, {}, {}, ...] # N empty mappings
targets:
  - <<: *arr                # repeated K times

For every target, the loader iterates all N elements of arr. This results in O(N * K) work while totalMergeKeys remains unchanged.

PoC

import { performance } from 'node:perf_hooks'
import { load, YAML11_SCHEMA } from 'js-yaml'

const n = 20000

const src =
  'arr: &arr [' + '{},'.repeat(n).slice(0, -1) + ']\n' +
  'targets:\n' +
  '  - <<: *arr\n'.repeat(n)

const started = performance.now()

load(src, { schema: YAML11_SCHEMA })

console.log(`${(performance.now() - started).toFixed(1)} ms`)

Observed results:

N YAML size Time
800 ~13 KB ~20 ms
3200 ~50 KB ~180 ms
20000 ~500 KB ~13 s

Impact

An attacker can submit a relatively small YAML document that causes prolonged CPU consumption despite the default maxTotalMergeKeys limit.

Fix

Count each merge-source mapping as one budget unit, in addition to counting its keys.

Difference with v5

In v3 & v4, merge is enabled by default. So, the severity score is higher.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "js-yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.3.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "js-yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.15.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-84375"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-407"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-08T21:24:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-01T22:17:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`maxTotalMergeKeys` does not count empty mappings. An attacker can repeatedly merge a large sequence of them and consume significant CPU without reaching the configured limit.\n\n## Example\n\n```yaml\narr: \u0026arr [{}, {}, {}, ...] # N empty mappings\ntargets:\n  - \u003c\u003c: *arr                # repeated K times\n```\n\nFor every target, the loader iterates all `N` elements of `arr`. This results in `O(N * K)` work while `totalMergeKeys` remains unchanged.\n\n## PoC\n\n```js\nimport { performance } from \u0027node:perf_hooks\u0027\nimport { load, YAML11_SCHEMA } from \u0027js-yaml\u0027\n\nconst n = 20000\n\nconst src =\n  \u0027arr: \u0026arr [\u0027 + \u0027{},\u0027.repeat(n).slice(0, -1) + \u0027]\\n\u0027 +\n  \u0027targets:\\n\u0027 +\n  \u0027  - \u003c\u003c: *arr\\n\u0027.repeat(n)\n\nconst started = performance.now()\n\nload(src, { schema: YAML11_SCHEMA })\n\nconsole.log(`${(performance.now() - started).toFixed(1)} ms`)\n```\n\nObserved results:\n\n| N | YAML size | Time |\n|---:|---:|---:|\n| 800 | ~13 KB | ~20 ms |\n| 3200 | ~50 KB | ~180 ms |\n| 20000 | ~500 KB | ~13 s |\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker can submit a relatively small YAML document that causes prolonged CPU consumption despite the default `maxTotalMergeKeys` limit.\n\n## Fix\n\nCount each merge-source mapping as one budget unit, in addition to counting its keys.\n\n## Difference with v5\n\nIn v3 \u0026 v4, merge is enabled by default. So, the severity score is higher.",
  "id": "GHSA-2883-xcg3-v3hh",
  "modified": "2026-09-08T21:24:51Z",
  "published": "2026-09-08T21:24:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/security/advisories/GHSA-2883-xcg3-v3hh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84375"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/pull/797"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/3485bc06ff8a0251505f44a00414d90df2466639"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/6a8e05f9a485188ed730ac81e81ae221352ef480"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/d90b6612a5a84385bdcb556c44578eac76dc0f6b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/releases/tag/3.15.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/releases/tag/4.3.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "js-yaml: maxTotalMergeKeys does not limit CPU use for empty merge sources"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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