Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-407
Allowed-with-ReviewInefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
An algorithm in a product has an inefficient worst-case computational complexity that may be detrimental to system performance and can be triggered by an attacker, typically using crafted manipulations that ensure that the worst case is being reached.
261 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-72663 (GCVE-0-2026-72663)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 19:13 – Updated: 2026-08-13 20:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in Kibana Leading to Denial of Service
Summary
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity (CWE-407) in Kibana can lead to denial of service via Input Data Manipulation (CAPEC-153). A specially crafted, deeply nested expression submitted to a Kibana TSVB visualization is evaluated with a worst-case cost that grows disproportionately with the size of the input. Because the evaluation runs synchronously, a single request consumes the Kibana request-processing thread indefinitely, and Kibana stops responding to all further requests until the service is restarted.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 20:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-71848 (GCVE-0-2026-71848)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 18:36 – Updated: 2026-08-08 03:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hono: Algorithmic Complexity DoS in Language Middleware
Summary
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. From 4.12.0 to 4.12.33, the languageDetector middleware is vulnerable to algorithmic complexity denial of service when processing a crafted language tag containing a large number of hyphen separated subtags. To implement progressive language tag truncation, normalizeLanguage() repeatedly calls parts.slice(0, i).join('-') for every possible prefix, so the total amount of string processing grows quadratically with the number of subtags. Language values may come from a query parameter, cookie, Accept-Language header, or URL path, depending on the detector configuration, and the default detector order enables query string, cookie, and header detection, so applications using languageDetector() may expose this processing to unauthenticated requests. An attacker may repeatedly send requests containing long, hyphen separated language tags, causing excessive CPU consumption and preventing unrelated requests from being processed. This issue is fixed in version 4.12.34.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-08 03:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/commit/f70e2c31684… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/releases/tag/v4.12.34 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-71491 (GCVE-0-2026-71491)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 17:16 – Updated: 2026-08-17 22:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
sqlparse: Quadratic O(n²) DoS in group_comments
Summary
sqlparse is a non-validating SQL parser module for Python. Prior to 0.6.0, group_comments in sqlparse/engine/grouping.py repeatedly rescans comment-only statements before the MAX_GROUPING_TOKENS guard, causing quadratic CPU consumption through sqlparse.parse() and sqlparse.format(sql, strip_comments=True). This issue is fixed in version 0.6.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 22:00 UTC
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/andialbrecht/sqlparse/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/andialbrecht/sqlparse/commit/e… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| andialbrecht | sqlparse |
Affected:
< 0.6.0
|
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CVE-2026-71488 (GCVE-0-2026-71488)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 20:37 – Updated: 2026-08-07 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
league/commonmark: Quadratic-time denial of service when parsing crafted Markdown
Summary
league/commonmark is a PHP library for parsing and rendering CommonMark Markdown. From 0.6.0 until 2.9.0, specially crafted Markdown lines can cause the parser to have quadratic time complexity when converting, because several parsing paths repeatedly rescan growing portions of a line to translate between character positions and byte positions, and the Autolink extension can also copy and validate the remaining line at every URL-like prefix, allowing an attacker who can submit Markdown for conversion to consume disproportionate CPU time with a comparatively small request. This issue is fixed in 2.9.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 17:16 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| thephpleague | commonmark |
Affected:
>= 0.6.0, < 2.9.0
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CVE-2026-71321 (GCVE-0-2026-71321)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 21:42 – Updated: 2026-08-06 13:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nuxt: Unauthenticated CPU exhaustion parsing and hashing the Nuxt island endpoint body before hash validation
Summary
Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. From 3.1.0 until 3.21.10 and 4.5.1, the internal island renderer endpoint `/__nuxt_island/...` decodes and hashes attacker-controlled JSON body input with destr and ohash before validating the URL-resident hash. An unauthenticated `POST /__nuxt_island/_.json` with a large JSON body is fully read, parsed, hashed, and then rejected, which wastes CPU on Nitro single event loop and delays concurrent requests. No valid hash and no authentication are required. This issue is fixed in 3.21.10 and 4.5.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 13:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/4e35ae9babd94… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/668cdfdfda418… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/releases/tag/v3.21.10 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/releases/tag/v4.5.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-70453 (GCVE-0-2026-70453)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:46 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 Algorithmic Complexity DoS via hash_search()
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains an algorithmic complexity vulnerability in the hash_search() function that allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service by delivering a carefully constructed file list. A sender can exploit the quadratic-time worst-case behavior in hash lookups to exhaust receiver CPU resources with a modest number of crafted entries, causing a sustained denial of service.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 17:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/security/ad… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/releases/ta… | release-notes |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rsync-algori… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RsyncProject | rsync |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.4.4
(semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-68750 (GCVE-0-2026-68750)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 14:50 – Updated: 2026-08-19 11:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Quadratic sibling re-flattening in the html_sanitize_ex traversal engine allows CPU-exhaustion denial of service
Summary
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in the traversal engine in rrrene html_sanitize_ex allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to exhaust server CPU and memory via a flat run of sibling elements in sanitized HTML. The list clause of HtmlSanitizeEx.Traverser.traverse/2 recurses on the tail of a sibling list and then evaluates List.flatten([head] ++ tail) over the already flattened result, so every one of n siblings copies and re-walks the entire remaining tail. The flattening is only needed for the rare case where scrub returns several replacement nodes for one node, but the cost is paid across the whole tail at every step, making traversal quadratic in sibling count.
The traverser sits on every public entry point, so no particular scrubber or configuration is required and the payload needs only allowed tags. A 160 KB body of 20,000 sibling elements occupies a scheduler for roughly 1.7 seconds, and the cost grows faster than the body does.
This issue affects html_sanitize_ex: from 0.3.1 before 1.4.5 and from 1.5.0-rc.0 before 1.5.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 15:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rrrene/html_sanitize_ex/securi… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-68750.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-68750 | related |
| https://github.com/rrrene/html_sanitize_ex/commit… | patch |
| https://github.com/rrrene/html_sanitize_ex/commit… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rrrene | html_sanitize_ex |
Affected:
0.3.1 , < 1.4.5
(semver)
Affected: 1.5.0-rc.0 , < 1.5.3 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:rrrene:html_sanitize_ex:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| rrrene | html_sanitize_ex |
Affected:
69ea11d61525c470b39b6860d024770d5573ff1f , < *
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:rrrene:html_sanitize_ex:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-67216 (GCVE-0-2026-67216)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 13:32 – Updated: 2026-07-30 15:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
cJSON cJSON_Compare Exponential Complexity Denial of Service
Summary
cJSON through 1.7.19 contains an inefficient algorithmic complexity flaw in cJSON_Compare(). When comparing objects, the function recurses into each shared subtree twice, once in each direction, with no depth guard, making the running time exponential in nesting depth. A small, deeply nested document of a few hundred bytes (depth around 40) compared for equality consumes hours of CPU, and the cost roughly doubles with each additional level of nesting. An application that calls cJSON_Compare() on attacker-influenced JSON that is structurally equal to a reference document is exposed to a denial-of-service condition.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 13:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://joshua.hu/cjson-json-parser-cve-vulnerabilities | exploit |
| https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON/blob/v1.7.19/… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cjson-cjson-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DaveGamble | cJSON |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.7.19
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:davegamble:cjson:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-07-25 00:00
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CVE-2026-66046 (GCVE-0-2026-66046)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 14:10 – Updated: 2026-08-21 11:20 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Expat Denial of Service via storeAtts() Quadratic Complexity
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 13:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/pull/1321 | issue-tracking |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/expat-denial… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| libexpat project | libexpat |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.8.3
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-08-13 00:00
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CVE-2026-65623 (GCVE-0-2026-65623)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-24 16:32 – Updated: 2026-07-25 04:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Quadratic CPU blow-up reassembling fragmented WebSocket messages in Bandit
Summary
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in mtrudel bandit allows unauthenticated remote denial of service via CPU exhaustion during WebSocket fragment reassembly.
The size guard 'Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.Connection':oversize_message?/2 called from handle_frame/3 in lib/bandit/websocket/connection.ex appends each non-final continuation frame to a left-nested iolist and then re-measures the entire accumulated buffer with IO.iodata_length/1 on every frame. Because the buffer grows by one element per frame and is fully re-traversed each time, reassembly work is quadratic (O(n^2)) in the number of continuation frames.
The max_fragmented_message_size limit (default 8 MB) bounds total bytes but not frame count, and each frame can carry as little as one payload byte, so an attacker can send millions of tiny continuation frames using modest bandwidth to pin a CPU core for minutes to hours. Many concurrent connections can starve the whole server of CPU, denying service to legitimate users. The WebSocket read timeout does not help, because it is an idle timeout evaluated between reads and cannot preempt the synchronous reassembly work spent inside a single callback.
This issue affects bandit: from 1.11.0 before 1.12.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-24 17:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/adviso… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65623.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65623 | related |
| https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/418ef7e9… | patch |
Impacted products
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"packageName": "mtrudel/bandit",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/mtrudel/bandit",
"product": "bandit",
"programFiles": [
"lib/bandit/websocket/connection.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.Connection\u0027:handle_frame/3"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.Connection\u0027:oversize_message?/2"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit",
"vendor": "mtrudel",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "418ef7e906192a230ddba112f7a669c87b6b0e3a",
"status": "affected",
"version": "21612c7c7b1ce43eccd36d3af3a2299d23513667",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eThis vulnerability only affects applications that serve WebSocket endpoints through Bandit (including Phoenix applications that use Bandit as the HTTP adapter). Applications that do not upgrade any connections to WebSocket are not affected.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "This vulnerability only affects applications that serve WebSocket endpoints through Bandit (including Phoenix applications that use Bandit as the HTTP adapter). Applications that do not upgrade any connections to WebSocket are not affected."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mtrudel:bandit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.12.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "1.11.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Peter Ullrich"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Mat Trudel"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in mtrudel bandit allows unauthenticated remote denial of service via CPU exhaustion during WebSocket fragment reassembly.\u003cp\u003eThe size guard \u003ctt\u003e\u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.Connection\u0027:oversize_message?/2\u003c/tt\u003e called from \u003ctt\u003ehandle_frame/3\u003c/tt\u003e in \u003ctt\u003elib/bandit/websocket/connection.ex\u003c/tt\u003e appends each non-final continuation frame to a left-nested iolist and then re-measures the entire accumulated buffer with \u003ctt\u003eIO.iodata_length/1\u003c/tt\u003e on every frame. Because the buffer grows by one element per frame and is fully re-traversed each time, reassembly work is quadratic (O(n^2)) in the number of continuation frames.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ctt\u003emax_fragmented_message_size\u003c/tt\u003e limit (default 8 MB) bounds total bytes but not frame count, and each frame can carry as little as one payload byte, so an attacker can send millions of tiny continuation frames using modest bandwidth to pin a CPU core for minutes to hours. Many concurrent connections can starve the whole server of CPU, denying service to legitimate users. The WebSocket read timeout does not help, because it is an idle timeout evaluated between reads and cannot preempt the synchronous reassembly work spent inside a single callback.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects bandit: from 1.11.0 before 1.12.1.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity vulnerability in mtrudel bandit allows unauthenticated remote denial of service via CPU exhaustion during WebSocket fragment reassembly.\n\nThe size guard \u0027Elixir.Bandit.WebSocket.Connection\u0027:oversize_message?/2 called from handle_frame/3 in lib/bandit/websocket/connection.ex appends each non-final continuation frame to a left-nested iolist and then re-measures the entire accumulated buffer with IO.iodata_length/1 on every frame. Because the buffer grows by one element per frame and is fully re-traversed each time, reassembly work is quadratic (O(n^2)) in the number of continuation frames.\n\nThe max_fragmented_message_size limit (default 8 MB) bounds total bytes but not frame count, and each frame can carry as little as one payload byte, so an attacker can send millions of tiny continuation frames using modest bandwidth to pin a CPU core for minutes to hours. Many concurrent connections can starve the whole server of CPU, denying service to legitimate users. The WebSocket read timeout does not help, because it is an idle timeout evaluated between reads and cannot preempt the synchronous reassembly work spent inside a single callback.\n\nThis issue affects bandit: from 1.11.0 before 1.12.1."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-229",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-229 Serialized Data Parameter Blowup"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-407",
"description": "CWE-407 Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-25T04:16:42.726Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/security/advisories/GHSA-vg8x-66vg-5pxh"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65623.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65623"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/mtrudel/bandit/commit/418ef7e906192a230ddba112f7a669c87b6b0e3a"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Quadratic CPU blow-up reassembling fragmented WebSocket messages in Bandit",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-65623",
"datePublished": "2026-07-24T16:32:24.923Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-22T13:55:59.401Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-25T04:16:42.726Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.