Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-346
Allowed-with-ReviewOrigin Validation Error
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
788 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-6734 (GCVE-0-2026-6734)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 16:36 – Updated: 2026-07-16 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
undici vulnerable to cross-origin request routing via SOCKS5 proxy pool reuse
Summary
Impact:
When using Socks5ProxyAgent, undici reuses a single connection pool across different origins without verifying that the pool's origin matches the requested origin. All requests are dispatched through the pool connected to the first origin, regardless of the intended destination.
This causes cross-origin request routing: credentials and request data intended for origin B are sent to origin A, responses from the wrong origin are trusted, and HTTPS requests may be silently downgraded to HTTP.
Impacted users are applications that use Socks5ProxyAgent (directly or via setGlobalDispatcher) and make requests to more than one origin.
This was introduced in undici 7.23.0 via PR #4385 and affects all versions through 8.1.0.
Patches:
Upgrade to undici v7.26.0 or v8.2.0.
Workarounds:
Use a separate Socks5ProxyAgent instance per origin, or avoid using Socks5ProxyAgent with multiple origins.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
15 references
Impacted products
33 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| undici | undici |
Affected:
7.23.0 , < 7.26.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 7.26.0 (semver) Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.2.0 (semver) Unaffected: 8.2.0 (semver) |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
1:24.18.0-1.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
8100020260630152626.6d880403 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
9080020260626074955.rhel9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782840519 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782839981 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782839193 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782838753 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782841925 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782844225 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782839658 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782838476 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0 |
Unaffected:
1782839494 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cluster_observability_operator:1.5::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10 |
Unaffected:
1783448184 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.10::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
26.3.0-1.2.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
1.96.0-1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
24.18.0-0.3.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
25.9.0-1.1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.29 |
Unaffected:
1782498792 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.29::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.29 |
Unaffected:
1783007534 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.29::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.29 |
Unaffected:
1782989367 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.29::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cryostat 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Pipelines |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Podman Desktop |
cpe:/a:redhat:podman_desktop:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_data_foundation:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Self-service automation portal 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2 |
Credits
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CVE-2026-6662 (GCVE-0-2026-6662)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 17:00 – Updated: 2026-04-20 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ericc-ch copilot-api Token Endpoint server.ts cors cross-domain policy
Summary
A vulnerability was found in ericc-ch copilot-api up to 0.7.0. The impacted element is the function cors of the file src/server.ts of the component Token Endpoint. Performing a manipulation results in permissive cross-domain policy with untrusted domains. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/358300 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/358300/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/794601 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/August829/CVEP/issues/31 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ericc-ch | copilot-api |
Affected:
0.1
Affected: 0.2 Affected: 0.3 Affected: 0.4 Affected: 0.5 Affected: 0.6 Affected: 0.7.0 |
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CVE-2026-6657 (GCVE-0-2026-6657)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-03 15:06 – Updated: 2026-06-03 17:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CORS Origin Validation Bypass in jupyter-server
Summary
A vulnerability in jupyter-server versions 1.12.0 through 2.17.0 allows an attacker to bypass CORS origin validation when the `allow_origin_pat` configuration is used. The issue arises from the use of `re.match()` for validating the `Origin` header, which only anchors at the start of the string. This allows attacker-controlled domains such as `trusted.example.com.evil.com` to pass validation against patterns intended to match `trusted.example.com`. The vulnerability affects multiple locations in the codebase, including CORS headers, WebSocket connections, referer validation, and login redirects, potentially enabling phishing attacks, arbitrary code execution, and unauthorized access to sensitive API responses.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jupyter | jupyter/jupyter |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ latest
(custom)
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CVE-2026-6508 (GCVE-0-2026-6508)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-07 11:47 – Updated: 2026-05-07 14:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RCE in TUBITAK BILGEM's Liderahenk
Summary
Origin Validation Error vulnerability in TUBITAK BILGEM Software Technologies Research Institute Liderahenk allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.
This issue affects Liderahenk: from 2.0.1 before 2.0.2.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TUBITAK BILGEM Software Technologies Research Institute | Liderahenk |
Affected:
2.0.1 , < 2.0.2
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-6339 (GCVE-0-2026-6339)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-18 08:05 – Updated: 2026-05-18 12:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Missing request origin validation on burn-on-read reveal endpoint
Summary
Mattermost versions 11.5.x <= 11.5.1, 11.4.x <= 11.4.3 fail to validate the X-Requested-With header on the burn-on-read reveal endpoint which allows an authenticated channel member to force the reveal of a burn-on-read message without recipient consent via a crafted Markdown image tag.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00636
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://mattermost.com/security-updates | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mattermost | Mattermost |
Affected:
11.5.0 , ≤ 11.5.1
(semver)
Affected: 11.4.0 , ≤ 11.4.3 (semver) Unaffected: 11.6.0 Unaffected: 11.5.2 Unaffected: 11.4.4 |
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CVE-2026-6143 (GCVE-0-2026-6143)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-13 01:15 – Updated: 2026-04-13 11:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
farion1231 cc-switch ProxyServer server.rs cross-domain policy
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in farion1231 cc-switch up to 3.12.3. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file src-tauri/src/proxy/server.rs of the component ProxyServer. The manipulation results in permissive cross-domain policy with untrusted domains. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/357007 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/357007/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/796145 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/farion1231/cc-switch/issues/1841 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/farion1231/cc-switch/pull/1915 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/farion1231/cc-switch/issues/18… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/farion1231/cc-switch/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| farion1231 | cc-switch |
Affected:
3.12.0
Affected: 3.12.1 Affected: 3.12.2 Affected: 3.12.3 |
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CVE-2026-5321 (GCVE-0-2026-5321)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 04:45 – Updated: 2026-04-02 18:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vanna-ai vanna FastAPI/Flask Server cross-domain policy
Summary
A flaw has been found in vanna-ai vanna up to 2.0.2. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component FastAPI/Flask Server. Executing a manipulation can lead to permissive cross-domain policy with untrusted domains. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/354653 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/354653/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/780729 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/August829/CVEP/issues/14 | exploitissue-tracking |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-2611 (GCVE-0-2026-2611)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-19 09:16 – Updated: 2026-07-15 02:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Origin Validation in mlflow/mlflow
Summary
In MLflow version 3.9.0, the MLflow Assistant feature introduced improper origin validation in its /ajax-api endpoints. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to exploit cross-origin requests from a malicious webpage to interact with the MLflow Assistant running on a victim's local machine. By bypassing the loopback-only restriction, the attacker can modify the Assistant's configuration to enable full access, which in turn allows the execution of arbitrary commands via the Claude Code sub-agent. This issue is resolved in version 3.10.0.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
9.6 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://huntr.com/bounties/8462addd-b464-4a84-b6a… | |
| https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow/commit/8f9c8a53a… | |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-2611 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2479797 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mlflow | mlflow/mlflow |
Affected:
unspecified , < 3.10.0
(custom)
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
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CVE-2026-2457 (GCVE-0-2026-2457)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-16 11:20 – Updated: 2026-03-16 13:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WebSocket Message Spoofing via Permalink Embed Manipulation
Summary
Mattermost versions 11.3.x <= 11.3.0, 11.2.x <= 11.2.2, 10.11.x <= 10.11.10 fail to sanitize client-supplied post metadata which allows an authenticated attacker to spoof permalink embeds impersonating other users via crafted PUT requests to the post update API endpoint.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2025-00569
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://mattermost.com/security-updates | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mattermost | Mattermost |
Affected:
11.3.0 , ≤ 11.3.0
(semver)
Affected: 11.2.0 , ≤ 11.2.2 (semver) Affected: 10.11.0 , ≤ 10.11.10 (semver) Unaffected: 11.4.0 Unaffected: 11.3.1 Unaffected: 11.2.3 Unaffected: 10.11.11 |
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"datePublished": "2026-03-16T11:20:25.335Z",
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CVE-2026-2345 (GCVE-0-2026-2345)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-11 14:49 – Updated: 2026-02-11 21:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Insufficient Origin Validation in Proctorio Chrome Extension postMessage Handlers
Summary
Proctorio Chrome Extension is a browser extension used for online proctoring. The extension contains multiple window.addEventListener('message', ...) handlers that do not properly validate the origin of incoming messages. Specifically, an internal messaging bridge processes messages based solely on the presence of a fromWebsite property without verifying the event.origin attribute.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proctorio | Secure Exam Proctor Extension |
Affected:
1.5.25220.33
Unaffected: 1.5.25220.36 |
Credits
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-160: Exploit Script-Based APIs
Some APIs support scripting instructions as arguments. Methods that take scripted instructions (or references to scripted instructions) can be very flexible and powerful. However, if an attacker can specify the script that serves as input to these methods they can gain access to a great deal of functionality. For example, HTML pages support <script> tags that allow scripting languages to be embedded in the page and then interpreted by the receiving web browser. If the content provider is malicious, these scripts can compromise the client application. Some applications may even execute the scripts under their own identity (rather than the identity of the user providing the script) which can allow attackers to perform activities that would otherwise be denied to them.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-510: SaaS User Request Forgery
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, performs malicious actions against a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) application (also known as a cloud based application) by leveraging the persistent and implicit trust placed on a trusted user's session. This attack is executed after a trusted user is authenticated into a cloud service, "piggy-backing" on the authenticated session, and exploiting the fact that the cloud service believes it is only interacting with the trusted user. If successful, the actions embedded in the malicious application will be processed and accepted by the targeted SaaS application and executed at the trusted user's privilege level.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-89: Pharming
A pharming attack occurs when the victim is fooled into entering sensitive data into supposedly trusted locations, such as an online bank site or a trading platform. An attacker can impersonate these supposedly trusted sites and have the victim be directed to their site rather than the originally intended one. Pharming does not require script injection or clicking on malicious links for the attack to succeed.