Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-178

Allowed

Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.

210 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-100541 (GCVE-0-2026-100541)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-26 02:18 – Updated: 2026-10-08 15:21
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw Matrix before 2026.8.1 Authorization Bypass via Case Folding
Summary
OpenClaw's Matrix integration (npm package @openclaw/matrix) versions >= 2026.2.2 and < 2026.8.1 lowercase complete Matrix user IDs — including historical localparts and the case-sensitive server-name portion — when deriving the OpenClaw authorization identity. As a result, distinct authenticated Matrix accounts can normalize to the same authorization identity. A Matrix participant controlling a colliding account identifier (a protocol-valid identifier that differs from the configured one only by characters OpenClaw case/Unicode folds; display-name matching is not required) can inherit allowlist, owner-command, exec-approval, or plugin-approval authority configured for another account. The issue is fixed in 2026.8.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 17:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6106 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
openclaw matrix Affected: 2026.2.2 , < 2026.8.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 2026.8.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-11 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-92700 (GCVE-0-2026-92700)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 17:58 – Updated: 2026-09-23 19:23
VLAI
Title
Caddy: fileHidden() case-sensitive pattern bypass — exposes "hidden" files via case variation
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. In version 2.11.3 and earlier, in modules/caddyhttp/fileserver/staticfiles.go, fileHidden() uses case-sensitive filepath.Match checks, so case variants can bypass hide rules on case-insensitive filesystems or when mixed-case paths coexist and expose files intended to be hidden.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 19:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7637 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
caddyserver caddy Affected: <= 2.11.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-90982 (GCVE-0-2026-90982)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 06:55 – Updated: 2026-09-17 12:33
VLAI
Title
@fastify/static vulnerable to route guard bypass via path case-folding
Summary
@fastify/static is a Fastify plugin that serves static files from a configured root directory. In versions before 10.1.4, on a case-insensitive filesystem such as Windows or the default macOS volume, a route guard or allowedPath restriction can be bypassed by altering the letter case of a path segment. The route matcher is case-sensitive while the filesystem is not, so a request that changes the case of a protected segment does not match the guarded route and falls through to the static handler, yet the filesystem resolves it to the same protected file. As a result, an unauthenticated request can read a file that a route guard or allowedPath was configured to protect. The issue does not affect case-sensitive filesystems and is not a directory traversal, since nothing is served from outside the configured root. The issue is fixed in @fastify/static 10.1.4, which validates the requested path against its actual on-disk spelling and rejects case-aliased paths before authorization. As a workaround, serve static files from a case-sensitive filesystem, or ensure route guards and allowedPath rules account for every letter-case variant of the protected paths.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 12:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
openjs CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 100 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
@fastify/static @fastify/static Affected: 0 , < 10.1.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 10.1.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-89322 (GCVE-0-2026-89322)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 22:01 – Updated: 2026-10-09 03:55
VLAI
Title
Vault ACL Policy Evaluation May Allow Bypass of Deny Restrictions
Summary
Vault and Vault Enterprise did not consistently evaluate ACL policies against the canonical form of resource and policy names. This may allow an authenticated user with delegated permissions to bypass an explicit deny restriction and access a protected resource or assign a denied policy, potentially leading to privilege escalation. This vulnerability (CVE-2026-89322) is fixed in Vault Community Edition 2.1.2, and Vault Enterprise 2.1.2, 1.21.12, 1.20.17, and 1.19.23.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
HashiCorp CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 41 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HashiCorp Vault Affected: 0.0.1 , < 2.1.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
HashiCorp Vault Enterprise Affected: 0.0.1 , < 2.1.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-89012 (GCVE-0-2026-89012)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 15:49 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:21 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Dolibarr 24.0.0 < 24.0.1 SQL Filter Denylist Bypass via sqlfilters Parameter
Summary
Dolibarr 24.0.0 before 24.0.1 contains a case-sensitive denylist bypass vulnerability in the sqlfilters API query parameter that allows authenticated attackers to recover protected database fields by supplying uppercase variants of denylist-protected field names. Attackers can exploit the case-insensitive database column resolution against the case-sensitive denylist check in the core library to use prefix-matching predicates as a boolean oracle and extract full password hashes for any user account, including administrators.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 19:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6106 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dolibarr Dolibarr Affected: 24.0.0 , < 24.0.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:dolibarr:dolibarr_erp\/crm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-30 00:00
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-87876 (GCVE-0-2026-87876)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 16:12 – Updated: 2026-09-21 11:53
VLAI
Title
Cups: openprinting cups: remaining case-insensitive username matching in scheduler side paths (cve-2026-27447 follow-up)
Summary
Two case-insensitive comparisons on request-derived usernames outside the main authorization path in CUPS's scheduler (printer ACL validation and private-attribute filtering) could allow bypass of username-based access controls in certain configurations.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 18:09 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 81/100 over 1014 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-09 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-86770 (GCVE-0-2026-86770)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 13:32 – Updated: 2026-09-14 13:31
VLAI
Title
Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 Authentication Bypass via SAML Username Collation
Summary
Snipe-IT before 8.7.0 fails to validate username case sensitivity during SAML authentication, allowing attackers to authenticate as different users by registering IdP accounts with accent or case variants of victim usernames. Attackers can exploit the default utf8mb4_unicode_ci database collation to bypass username matching and achieve account takeover through federated login paths including SAML, LDAP, and OAuth.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 13:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 6106 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
grokability snipe-it Affected: 8.6.3 , < 8.7.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 8.7.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:snipeitapp:snipe-it:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-24 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-86472 (GCVE-0-2026-86472)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 10:29 – Updated: 2026-09-15 12:35
VLAI
Title
fast-uri vulnerable to inconsistent host case normalization via percent-encoded octets
Summary
fast-uri is a dependency-free RFC 3986 URI parser for Node.js, used by Fastify and ajv. In versions before 2.4.7, from 3.0.0 through 3.1.7, and from 4.0.0 through 4.1.4, fast-uri folds the host to lowercase before it percent-decodes the host, so a percent-encoded uppercase octet such as %41 decodes to a literal A that is never folded. For a scheme-relative reference such as //host there is no scheme, so the host canonicalization that would normally repair this does not run, and parse, normalize, and equal then disagree on the same host. An application that makes a case-sensitive host decision on fast-uri output, for example a host allowlist or denylist that compares the parsed host or uses equal, can be steered past the check with a percent-encoded uppercase octet, and because hostnames are case-insensitive in DNS and HTTP the evading spelling still reaches the host the check meant to gate. The issue is fixed in fast-uri 2.4.7, 3.1.8, and 4.1.5, and users should upgrade to one of those versions or later. As a workaround, compare hosts case-insensitively by lowercasing the parsed host before any allowlist or denylist decision.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 12:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
openjs CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 100 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
fast-uri fast-uri Affected: 0 , < 2.4.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 2.4.7 (semver)
Affected: 3.0.0 , < 3.1.8 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.1.8 (semver)
Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.1.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.1.5 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-84428 (GCVE-0-2026-84428)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-04 10:24 – Updated: 2026-09-04 16:06
VLAI
Title
fastify vulnerable to header validation bypass via incomplete schema case normalization
Summary
fastify versions before 5.12.2 implement the case-insensitive nature of HTTP header names by lowercasing names in a route's header schema before compiling it, but the transformation is incomplete: it lowercases the properties keys and the root-level required array, and does not lowercase the trigger and dependent names inside the JSON Schema Draft 7 dependencies keyword. Because Node stores request header names in lowercase, a canonical-case dependency such as requiring an authentication header whenever a privileged-mode header is present never matches, and the presence assertion is silently skipped. An unauthenticated remote client can therefore send the header that activates a privileged branch while omitting the header the dependency was meant to require, bypassing the conditional check. Users should upgrade to fastify 5.12.2 or later.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-04 16:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
openjs CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 65/100 over 100 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
fastify fastify Affected: 0 , < 5.12.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.12.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-84303 (GCVE-0-2026-84303)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 18:14 – Updated: 2026-09-02 19:14
VLAI
Title
gRPC-Go: xDS RBAC HTTP Filter bypass via mixed-case Header Matching and gRFC A41 validation evasion
Summary
gRPC-Go is the Go language implementation of gRPC. Prior to 1.83.1, the xDS RBAC HTTP filter in internal/xds/httpfilter/rbac/rbac.go does not lowercase header matcher names in normalizeHeaderMatcher even though incoming metadata keys are lowercase. A DENY policy using a mixed-case name such as X-Role or User-Agent therefore does not match and fails open, allowing requests that should be rejected. The same case mismatch permits :Scheme or Grpc-Status to evade gRFC A41 validation and prevents Host from being rewritten to :authority. This issue is fixed in version 1.83.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 19:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7637 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
grpc grpc-go Affected: < 1.83.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/releases/tag/v1.83.1"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-qc2q-p7wx-3px3",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "gRPC-Go: xDS RBAC HTTP Filter bypass via mixed-case Header Matching and gRFC A41 validation evasion"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-84303",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-01T18:14:37.870Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-01T16:17:43.078Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-02T19:14:49.353Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation MIT-44
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Input Validation

Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.