Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1333
AllowedInefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
792 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-48058 (GCVE-0-2025-48058)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-20 00:39 – Updated: 2025-06-20 13:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PowSyBl Core contains Polynomial REDoS’es
Summary
PowSyBl (Power System Blocks) is a framework to build power system oriented software. Prior to version 6.7.2, there is a potential polynomial Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the PowSyBl's DataSource mechanism. If successfully exploited, a malicious actor can cause significant CPU consumption due to regex backtracking — even with polynomial patterns. This issue has been patched in com.powsybl:powsybl-commons: 6.7.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-20 13:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/powsybl/powsybl-core/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/powsybl/powsybl-core/commit/72… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/powsybl/powsybl-core/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| powsybl | powsybl-core |
Affected:
< 6.7.2
|
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CVE-2025-46560 (GCVE-0-2025-46560)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-30 00:24 – Updated: 2025-04-30 13:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM phi4mm: Quadratic Time Complexity in Input Token Processing leads to denial of service
Summary
vLLM is a high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. Versions starting from 0.8.0 and prior to 0.8.5 are affected by a critical performance vulnerability in the input preprocessing logic of the multimodal tokenizer. The code dynamically replaces placeholder tokens (e.g., <|audio_|>, <|image_|>) with repeated tokens based on precomputed lengths. Due to inefficient list concatenation operations, the algorithm exhibits quadratic time complexity (O(n²)), allowing malicious actors to trigger resource exhaustion via specially crafted inputs. This issue has been patched in version 0.8.5.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-30 13:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/8cac35b… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
>= 0.8.0, < 0.8.5
|
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CVE-2025-43880 (GCVE-0-2025-43880)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 05:31 – Updated: 2025-06-25 13:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Inefficient regular expression complexity issue exists in GROWI prior to v7.1.6. If exploited, a logged-in user may cause a denial of service (DoS) condition.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-25 13:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient regular expression complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GROWI, Inc. | GROWI |
Affected:
prior to v7.1.6
|
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CVE-2025-43764 (GCVE-0-2025-43764)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-23 04:49 – Updated: 2025-08-25 18:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Self-ReDoS (Regular expression Denial of Service) exists with Role Name search field of Kaleo Designer portlet JavaScript in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.131, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q4.0 through 2024.Q4.1, 2024.Q3.0 through 2024.Q3.13, 2024.Q2.1 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.20 and 7.4 GA through update 92, which allows authenticated users with permissions to update Kaleo Workflows to enter a malicious Regex pattern causing their browser to hang for a very long time.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-25 18:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liferay | Portal |
Affected:
7.4.3.0 , ≤ 7.4.3.131
(maven)
|
|
| Liferay | DXP |
Affected:
7.4.13 , ≤ 7.4.13-u92
(maven)
Affected: 2024.Q1.1 , ≤ 2024.Q1.20 (maven) Affected: 2024.Q2.1 , ≤ 2024.Q2.13 (maven) Affected: 2024.Q3.0 , ≤ 2024.Q3.13 (maven) Affected: 2024.Q4.0 , ≤ 2024.Q4.1 (maven) |
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CVE-2025-33090 (GCVE-0-2025-33090)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-18 14:01 – Updated: 2025-08-18 14:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM Concert Software denial of service
Summary
IBM Concert Software 1.0.0 through 1.1.0 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service using a specially crafted regular expression that would cause excessive resource consumption.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-18 14:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7242354 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Concert Software |
Affected:
1.0.0 , ≤ 1.1.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:concert:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:concert:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2025-27789 (GCVE-0-2025-27789)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-11 19:09 – Updated: 2025-03-11 19:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Inefficient RexExp complexity in generated code with .replace when transpiling named capturing groups
Summary
Babel is a compiler for writing next generation JavaScript. When using versions of Babel prior to 7.26.10 and 8.0.0-alpha.17 to compile regular expression named capturing groups, Babel will generate a polyfill for the `.replace` method that has quadratic complexity on some specific replacement pattern strings (i.e. the second argument passed to `.replace`). Generated code is vulnerable if all the following conditions are true: Using Babel to compile regular expression named capturing groups, using the `.replace` method on a regular expression that contains named capturing groups, and the code using untrusted strings as the second argument of `.replace`. This problem has been fixed in `@babel/helpers` and `@babel/runtime` 7.26.10 and 8.0.0-alpha.17. It's likely that individual users do not directly depend on `@babel/helpers`, and instead depend on `@babel/core` (which itself depends on `@babel/helpers`). Upgrading to `@babel/core` 7.26.10 is not required, but it guarantees use of a new enough `@babel/helpers` version. Note that just updating Babel dependencies is not enough; one will also need to re-compile the code. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-11 19:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/babel/babel/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/babel/babel/pull/17173 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-27220 (GCVE-0-2025-27220)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-03 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In the CGI gem before 0.4.2 for Ruby, a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability exists in the Util#escapeElement method.
Severity
4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-04 16:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-25290 (GCVE-0-2025-25290)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-14 19:37 – Updated: 2026-01-16 17:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@octokit/request has a Regular Expression in fetchWrapper that Leads to ReDoS Vulnerability Due to Catastrophic Backtracking
Summary
@octokit/request sends parameterized requests to GitHub’s APIs with sensible defaults in browsers and Node. Starting in version 1.0.0 and prior to versions 9.2.1 and 8.4.1, the regular expression `/<([^>]+)>; rel="deprecation"/` used to match the `link` header in HTTP responses is vulnerable to a ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) attack. This vulnerability arises due to the unbounded nature of the regex's matching behavior, which can lead to catastrophic backtracking when processing specially crafted input. An attacker could exploit this flaw by sending a malicious `link` header, resulting in excessive CPU usage and potentially causing the server to become unresponsive, impacting service availability. Versions 9.2.1 and 8.4.1 fix the issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-14 20:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/octokit/request.js/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/octokit/request.js/commit/34ff… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/octokit/request.js/commit/3564… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/octokit/request.js/commit/6bb2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/octokit/request.js/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/octokit/request.js/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| octokit | request.js |
Affected:
>= 1.0.0, < 9.2.1
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CVE-2025-25289 (GCVE-0-2025-25289)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-14 19:35 – Updated: 2025-02-14 20:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@octokit/request-error has a Regular Expression in index that Leads to ReDoS Vulnerability Due to Catastrophic Backtracking
Summary
@octokit/request-error is an error class for Octokit request errors. Starting in version 1.0.0 and prior to version 6.1.7, a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability exists in the processing of HTTP request headers. By sending an authorization header containing an excessively long sequence of spaces followed by a newline and "@", an attacker can exploit inefficient regular expression processing, leading to excessive resource consumption. This can significantly degrade server performance or cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition, impacting availability. Version 6.1.7 contains a fix for the issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-14 20:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/octokit/request-error.js/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/octokit/request-error.js/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/octokit/request-error.js/blob/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| octokit | request-error.js |
Affected:
>= 1.0.0, < 6.1.7
|
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CVE-2025-25288 (GCVE-0-2025-25288)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-14 19:33 – Updated: 2025-02-14 20:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@octokit/plugin-paginate-rest has a Regular Expression in iterator that Leads to ReDoS Vulnerability Due to Catastrophic Backtracking
Summary
@octokit/plugin-paginate-rest is the Octokit plugin to paginate REST API endpoint responses. For versions starting in 1.0.0 and prior to 11.4.1 of the npm package `@octokit/plugin-paginate-rest`, when calling `octokit.paginate.iterator()`, a specially crafted `octokit` instance—particularly with a malicious `link` parameter in the `headers` section of the `request`—can trigger a ReDoS attack. Version 11.4.1 contains a fix for the issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-14 20:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/octokit/plugin-paginate-rest.j… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/octokit/plugin-paginate-rest.j… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/octokit/plugin-paginate-rest.j… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| octokit | plugin-paginate-rest.js |
Affected:
>= 1.0.0, < 11.4.1
|
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation
Implementation
Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.