Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1333
AllowedInefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
792 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-61921 (GCVE-0-2025-61921)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-10 19:28 – Updated: 2025-10-10 20:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sinatra has ReDoS vulnerability in ETag header value generation
Summary
Sinatra is a domain-specific language for creating web applications in Ruby. In versions prior to 4.2.0, there is a denial of service vulnerability in the `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing component of Sinatra, if the `etag` method is used when constructing the response. Carefully crafted input can cause `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing in Sinatra to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. This header is typically involved in generating the `ETag` header value. Any applications that use the `etag` method when generating a response are impacted. Version 4.2.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-10 20:54 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/issues/2120 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1823 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/2121 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-61581 (GCVE-0-2025-61581)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-16 08:40 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Traffic Control: ReDoS issue in Traffic Router configuration
Summary
** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity vulnerability in Apache Traffic Control.
This issue affects Apache Traffic Control: all versions.
People with access to the management interface of the Traffic Router component could specify malicious patterns and cause unavailability.
As this project is retired, we do not plan to release a version that fixes this issue. Users are recommended to find an alternative or restrict access to the instance to trusted users.
NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-17 13:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Traffic Control |
Affected:
0 , < *
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-58451 (GCVE-0-2025-58451)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-08 22:07 – Updated: 2025-09-09 13:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cattown Vulnerable to Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity and Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Summary
Cattown is a JavaScript markdown parser. Versions prior to 1.0.2 used regular expressions with inefficient, potentially exponential worst-case complexity. This could cause excessive CPU usage due to excessive backtracking on crafted inputs. In turn, the excessive CPU usage could lead to resource exhaustion, where processing malicious inputs could cause high CPU or memory usage, potentially leading to denial of service. Version 1.0.2 contains a patch. Additionally, users should review and restrict input sources if untrusted inputs are processed.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-09 13:15 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/IEatUranium238/Cattown/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/IEatUranium238/Cattown/commit/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IEatUranium238 | Cattown |
Affected:
< 1.0.2
|
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CVE-2025-55152 (GCVE-0-2025-55152)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-09 01:29 – Updated: 2025-08-11 13:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
oak: ReDoS in x-forwarded-proto and x-forwarded-for headers
Summary
oak is a middleware framework for Deno's native HTTP server, Deno Deploy, Node.js 16.5 and later, Cloudflare Workers and Bun. In versions 17.1.5 and below, it's possible to significantly slow down an oak server with specially crafted values of the x-forwarded-proto or x-forwarded-for headers.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-11 13:33 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/oakserver/oak/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/oakserver/oak/commit/b60e60330… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-54796 (GCVE-0-2025-54796)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 23:38 – Updated: 2025-08-04 15:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Copyparty is vulnerable to Regex Denial of Service (ReDoS) attacks through "Recent Uploads" page
Summary
Copyparty is a portable file server. Versions prior to 1.18.9, the filter parameter for the "Recent Uploads" page allows arbitrary RegExes. If this feature is enabled (which is the default), an attacker can craft a filter which deadlocks the server. This is fixed in version 1.18.9.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-04 15:19 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/9001/copyparty/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/9001/copyparty/commit/09910ba8… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-54364 (GCVE-0-2025-54364)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-20 00:00 – Updated: 2025-08-26 13:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Microsoft Knack 0.12.0 allows Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the knack.introspection module. option_descriptions employs an inefficient regular expression pattern: "\s(:param)\s+(.+?)\s:(.*)" that is susceptible to catastrophic backtracking when processing crafted docstrings containing a large volume of whitespace without a terminating colon. An attacker who can control or inject docstring content into affected applications can trigger excessive CPU consumption. This software is used by Azure CLI.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-26 13:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
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CVE-2025-54363 (GCVE-0-2025-54363)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-20 00:00 – Updated: 2025-08-21 15:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Microsoft Knack 0.12.0 allows Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the knack.introspection module. extract_full_summary_from_signature employs an inefficient regular expression pattern: "\s(:param)\s+(.+?)\s:(.*)" that is susceptible to catastrophic backtracking when processing crafted docstrings containing a large volume of whitespace without a terminating colon. An attacker who can control or inject docstring content into affected applications can trigger excessive CPU consumption. This software is used by Azure CLI.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-20 13:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
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CVE-2025-53539 (GCVE-0-2025-53539)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-07 19:16 – Updated: 2025-07-07 20:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ReDoS in fastapi-guard's penetration attempts detector
Summary
FastAPI Guard is a security library for FastAPI that provides middleware to control IPs, log requests, and detect penetration attempts. fastapi-guard's penetration attempts detection uses regex to scan incoming requests. However, some of the regex patterns used in detection are extremely inefficient and can cause polynomial complexity backtracks when handling specially crafted inputs. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-07 20:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rennf93/fastapi-guard/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rennf93/fastapi-guard/commit/d… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rennf93 | fastapi-guard |
Affected:
< 3.0.1
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CVE-2025-48887 (GCVE-0-2025-48887)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-30 17:36 – Updated: 2025-05-30 17:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM has a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS, Exponential Complexity) Vulnerability in `pythonic_tool_parser.py`
Summary
vLLM, an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs), has a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the file `vllm/entrypoints/openai/tool_parsers/pythonic_tool_parser.py` of versions 0.6.4 up to but excluding 0.9.0. The root cause is the use of a highly complex and nested regular expression for tool call detection, which can be exploited by an attacker to cause severe performance degradation or make the service unavailable. The pattern contains multiple nested quantifiers, optional groups, and inner repetitions which make it vulnerable to catastrophic backtracking. Version 0.9.0 contains a patch for the issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-30 17:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/18454 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/4fc1b… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
>= 0.6.4, < 0.9.0
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CVE-2025-48059 (GCVE-0-2025-48059)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-20 16:50 – Updated: 2025-06-20 17:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PowSyBl Core Contains a Polynomial ReDoS in RegexCriterion
Summary
PowSyBl (Power System Blocks) is a framework to build power system oriented software. In com.powsybl:powsybl-iidm-criteria versions 6.3.0 to before 6.7.2 and com.powsybl:powsybl-contingency-api versions 5.0.0 to before 6.3.0, there is a a potential polynomial Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the RegexCriterion class. This class compiles and evaluates an unvalidated, user-supplied regular expression against the identifier of an Identifiable object via Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(id).find(). If successfully exploited, a malicious actor can cause significant CPU exhaustion through repeated or recursive filter(...) calls — especially if performed over large network models or filtering operations. This issue has been patched in com.powsybl:powsybl-iidm-criteria 6.7.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-20 17:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/powsybl/powsybl-core/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/powsybl/powsybl-core/commit/d8… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/powsybl/powsybl-core/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| powsybl | powsybl-core |
Affected:
>= 6.3.0, < 6.7.2
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 6.3.0 |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation
Implementation
Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.