Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11291 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PP7H-53GX-MX7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-02 15:26 – Updated: 2022-05-26 20:43
VLAI
Summary
Remote Memory Exposure in bl
Details
A buffer over-read vulnerability exists in bl <4.0.3, <3.0.1, <2.2.1, and <1.2.3 which could allow an attacker to supply user input (even typed) that if it ends up in consume() argument and can become negative, the BufferList state can be corrupted, tricking it into exposing uninitialized memory via regular .slice() calls.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "bl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "bl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "bl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"3.0.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "bl"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-8244"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-126"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-09-02T15:26:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-08-30T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A buffer over-read vulnerability exists in bl \u003c4.0.3, \u003c3.0.1, \u003c2.2.1, and \u003c1.2.3 which could allow an attacker to supply user input (even typed) that if it ends up in consume() argument and can become negative, the BufferList state can be corrupted, tricking it into exposing uninitialized memory via regular .slice() calls.",
"id": "GHSA-pp7h-53gx-mx7r",
"modified": "2022-05-26T20:43:51Z",
"published": "2020-09-02T15:26:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rvagg/bl/commit/8a8c13c880e2bef519133ea43e0e9b78b5d0c91e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rvagg/bl/commit/d3e240e3b8ba4048d3c76ef5fb9dd1f8872d3190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rvagg/bl/commit/dacc4ac7d5fcd6201bcf26fbd886951be9537466"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/966347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00028.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Remote Memory Exposure in bl"
}
GHSA-PP94-JCG6-7M7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:16 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:33
VLAI
Details
The jpc_undo_roi function in libjasper/jpc/jpc_dec.c in JasPer 1.900.27 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid memory read and crash) via a crafted image.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5504"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-01T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The jpc_undo_roi function in libjasper/jpc/jpc_dec.c in JasPer 1.900.27 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid memory read and crash) via a crafted image.",
"id": "GHSA-pp94-jcg6-7m7g",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:33:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:16:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5504"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.gentoo.org/ago/2017/01/16/jasper-invalid-memory-read-in-jpc_undo_roi-jpc_dec-c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201908-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00082.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00085.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95682"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PPC2-FQ53-R63F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-19 00:00 – Updated: 2021-11-20 00:00
VLAI
Details
In apusys, there is a possible out of bounds read due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS05672113; Issue ID: ALPS05672113.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0665"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-18T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In apusys, there is a possible out of bounds read due to an incorrect bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS05672113; Issue ID: ALPS05672113.",
"id": "GHSA-ppc2-fq53-r63f",
"modified": "2021-11-20T00:00:59Z",
"published": "2021-11-19T00:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/November-2021"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-PPC8-QFR3-847H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-07 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:33
VLAI
Details
Adobe After Effects versions 22.0 (and earlier) and 18.4.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44194"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-07T14:15:08Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Adobe After Effects versions 22.0 (and earlier) and 18.4.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-ppc8-qfr3-847h",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:33:10Z",
"published": "2023-09-07T15:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/after_effects/apsb21-115.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PPCF-8W3W-V9WC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-12 00:00
VLAI
Details
Acrobat Reader DC version 22.001.2011x (and earlier), 20.005.3033x (and earlier) and 17.012.3022x (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability when parsing a crafted file, which could result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28265"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-11T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Acrobat Reader DC version 22.001.2011x (and earlier), 20.005.3033x (and earlier) and 17.012.3022x (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability when parsing a crafted file, which could result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-ppcf-8w3w-v9wc",
"modified": "2022-05-12T00:00:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-12T00:00:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb22-16.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PPFW-G5XC-W7X3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30
VLAI
Details
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of VC6 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-17987.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34303"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of VC6 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-17987.",
"id": "GHSA-ppfw-g5xc-w7x3",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-863"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PPH8-GCV7-4QJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-02 13:19 – Updated: 2025-04-02 13:19
VLAI
Summary
PyO3 Risk of buffer overflow in `PyString::from_object`
Details
PyString::from_object took &str arguments and forwarded them directly to the Python C API without checking for terminating nul bytes. This could lead the Python interpreter to read beyond the end of the &str data and potentially leak contents of the out-of-bounds read (by raising a Python exception containing a copy of the data including the overflow).
In PyO3 0.24.1 this function will now allocate a CString to guarantee a terminating nul bytes. PyO3 0.25 will likely offer an alternative API which takes &CStr arguments.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "pyo3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.24.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-02T13:19:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "`PyString::from_object` took `\u0026str` arguments and forwarded them directly to the Python C API without checking for terminating nul bytes. This could lead the Python interpreter to read beyond the end of the `\u0026str` data and potentially leak contents of the out-of-bounds read (by raising a Python exception containing a copy of the data including the overflow).\n\nIn PyO3 0.24.1 this function will now allocate a `CString` to guarantee a terminating nul bytes. PyO3 0.25 will likely offer an alternative API which takes `\u0026CStr` arguments.",
"id": "GHSA-pph8-gcv7-4qj5",
"modified": "2025-04-02T13:19:19Z",
"published": "2025-04-02T13:19:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/issues/5005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/pull/5008"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2025-0020.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "PyO3 Risk of buffer overflow in `PyString::from_object`"
}
GHSA-PPHV-VR7M-3J53
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-08 00:01 – Updated: 2021-12-08 00:01
VLAI
Details
Adobe Bridge versions 11.1.1 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious RGB file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44185"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-07T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Adobe Bridge versions 11.1.1 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious RGB file.",
"id": "GHSA-pphv-vr7m-3j53",
"modified": "2021-12-08T00:01:30Z",
"published": "2021-12-08T00:01:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb21-94.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb22-03.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-1453"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-PPP9-7JFF-5VJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-26 06:30 – Updated: 2025-04-14 22:09
VLAI
Summary
golang.org/x/text/language Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability
Details
golang.org/x/text/language in golang.org/x/text before 0.3.7 can panic with an out-of-bounds read during BCP 47 language tag parsing. Index calculation is mishandled. If parsing untrusted user input, this can be used as a vector for a denial-of-service attack.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "golang.org/x/text"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.3.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38561"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-09T20:02:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-26T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "golang.org/x/text/language in golang.org/x/text before 0.3.7 can panic with an out-of-bounds read during BCP 47 language tag parsing. Index calculation is mishandled. If parsing untrusted user input, this can be used as a vector for a denial-of-service attack.",
"id": "GHSA-ppp9-7jff-5vj2",
"modified": "2025-04-14T22:09:42Z",
"published": "2022-12-26T06:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://deps.dev/advisory/OSV/GO-2021-0113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/cl/340830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.googlesource.com/text/+/383b2e75a7a4198c42f8f87833eefb772868a56f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/text/language"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2021-0113"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "golang.org/x/text/language Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability"
}
GHSA-PPP9-JXHF-2XJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:16 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:16
VLAI
Details
The xmlPArserPrintFileContextInternal function in libxml2 before 2.9.4, as used in Apple iOS before 9.3.2, OS X before 10.11.5, tvOS before 9.2.1, and watchOS before 2.2.1, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer over-read) via a crafted XML document.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1838"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-05-20T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The xmlPArserPrintFileContextInternal function in libxml2 before 2.9.4, as used in Apple iOS before 9.3.2, OS X before 10.11.5, tvOS before 9.2.1, and watchOS before 2.2.1, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer over-read) via a crafted XML document.",
"id": "GHSA-ppp9-jxhf-2xj3",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:16:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:16:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=758588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.gnome.org/browse/libxml2/commit/?id=db07dd613e461df93dde7902c6505629bf0734e9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10170"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201701-37"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT206564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT206566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT206567"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT206568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2016-18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/May/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/May/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/May/msg00003.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/May/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-2957.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/bulletinjul2016-3090568.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/linuxbulletinjul2016-3090544.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/ovmbulletinjul2016-3090546.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/90691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2994-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://xmlsoft.org/news.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.