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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
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          "programFiles": [
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ninet: frags: strip GSO state from fragments before reassembly\n\nA virtio_net_hdr (tun/tap, or AF_PACKET with PACKET_VNET_HDR) can mark\nan IPv4 or IPv6 fragment as GSO; nothing relates gso_type to frag_off.\ninet_frag_reasm_prepare()/inet_frag_reasm_finish() keep the first\nfragment\u0027s skb as the head of the reassembled datagram, including its\nshinfo-\u003egso_size/gso_type/gso_segs, and chain the remaining fragments\non frag_list with whatever linear/paged layout they arrived with.\n\nAfter ip_defrag() (ip_local_deliver(), nf_defrag_ipv4, ...) the\nreassembled skb therefore still claims to be GSO (SKB_GSO_DODGY), and\nthe next software segmentation point - udp_rcv_segment() on local\ndelivery, validate_xmit_skb(), or the ip_finish_output_gso() slow\npath - hands it to skb_segment(). skb_segment()\u0027s frag_list walk\nassumes GRO-shaped input and hits one of its BUG_ON()s. Two writes to\na tap by an unprivileged user in its own userns are enough:\n\n  kernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:4899!\n  Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 82 Comm: poc Not tainted 7.2.0-pentest+ #2\n  RIP: 0010:skb_segment+0x20ca/0x48b0\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   __udp_gso_segment+0x29a/0x27d0\n   udp4_ufo_fragment+0x458/0x6c0\n   inet_gso_segment+0x429/0x1340\n   skb_mac_gso_segment+0x233/0x4f0\n   __skb_gso_segment+0x308/0x660\n   udp_queue_rcv_skb+0x440/0xad0\n   udp_unicast_rcv_skb+0xc7/0x2c0\n   udp_rcv+0x16ce/0x2260\n   ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x197/0x2d0\n   ip_local_deliver+0x430/0x690\n   ip_rcv+0x16f/0x1f0\n   __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x15e/0x1c0\n   __netif_receive_skb+0x1e/0x110\n   netif_receive_skb+0xf6/0x5c0\n   tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ab/0x790\n   tun_get_user+0x17c3/0x3550\n   tun_chr_write_iter+0xba/0x1b0\n   vfs_write+0x646/0x1130\n   \u003c/TASK\u003e\n  Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt\n\nThis runs with BH disabled, so it is a panic rather than an oops. The\nsame is reachable with CAP_NET_RAW in a netns where a defrag point\nprecedes a GSO point, and from a guest whose VMM forwards\nvirtio_net_hdr to a tap. The SKB_GSO_DODGY frag_list checks added by\ncommit 3dcbdb134f32 (\"net: gso: Fix skb_segment splat when splitting\ngso_size mangled skb having linear-headed frag_list\") and by\ncommit 9e4b7a99a03a (\"net: gso: fix panic on frag_list with mixed head\nalloc types\") do not cover it: page-backed heads skip them, and kmalloc\nheads skip them when gso_size == skb_headlen(head), which the sender\ncontrols.\n\nAn skb entering a frag queue is an IP fragment by definition and\ncannot legitimately carry GSO state: GRO does not merge fragments and\nthe stack segments before it fragments, so only untrusted sources are\naffected. This has been reachable since\ncommit f43798c27684 (\"tun: Allow GSO using virtio_net_hdr\"), the first\npath that let userspace attach GSO metadata to an IP fragment. Reset\nthe GSO fields of every fragment as it is queued, in\ninet_frag_queue_insert(), which IPv4, IPv6, nf_conntrack_reasm and\n6lowpan reassembly share; then neither the head nor the frag_list\nmembers of the reassembled skb carry them (the members matter too:\nthe ip_do_fragment()/ip6_fragment() fast paths send them out as they\nare). The head may remain CHECKSUM_PARTIAL; that is already accepted\non receive and resolved by skb_checksum_help() in\nip_do_fragment()/ip6_fragment() on forward.\n\nTested on top of net.git (dc4b95b8fee9), x86_64: the tap reproducer\nabove, two further IPv4 frag_list geometries that reach\nBUG_ON(i \u003e= nfrags) and BUG_ON(!list_skb-\u003ehead_frag), and an IPv6\nfragment-header variant (udp6_ufo_fragment()) each panic the unpatched\nkernel; with this patch all four datagrams are delivered intact and\nnothing is logged."
        }
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          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.6,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - A malicious cloud VM guest injects virtio_net_hdr-marked IPv4/IPv6 fragments through virtio-net/vhost-tap into the host ip_rcv() path; the same inet_frag reassembly and skb_segment() crash also fires on validate_xmit_skb()/ip_finish_output_gso() when such skbs traverse forwarding.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls virtio_net_hdr gso_type/gso_size and fragment geometry; the commit reproduces a host panic from two tap writes with no races, timing, or uncontrollable memory layout required.\nPR:N - On typical KVM/QEMU tap-backed virtio-net deployments a tenant VM needs no host account or capability; exploitation uses only the pre-provisioned virtual NIC, not init-namespace root or CAP_NET_ADMIN on the host.\nUI:N - Packet injection, ip_defrag reassembly, and GSO segmentation run automatically in softirq once crafted virtio fragments are sent; no victim mount, click, or other cooperative action is required.\nS:C - A guest VM tenant can panic the host kernel by crossing the hypervisor virtio/tap boundary, impacting resources outside the guest security authority even though the demonstrated primitive is denial of service rather than full escape.\nC:N - Impact is an intentional BUG_ON in skb_segment() frag_list handling; there is no demonstrated out-of-bounds read, use-after-free, or other information-disclosure primitive before the assertion aborts.\nI:N - The failure aborts in skb_segment() before any out-of-bounds write, page-desc conversion, or control-flow hijack; attacker-controlled metadata only reaches a defensive assertion, not a memory modification primitive.\nA:H - Triggering skb_segment() BUG_ON from tun_rx/tun_get_user runs with BH disabled and causes a fatal kernel panic, fully and repeatedly denying availability of the affected host until reboot."
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        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cfdbc8c2e6f9ef5d8b8e54859da03dfe682b0bee"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/29dda278a5ed272f2230ff4eaa23cf403107bba0"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14a8f3e10fa9a5abd6cedcdaa0c0b7ea9a09f234"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3edf721bb4b99d272c336631b44e3d8ff9a4f31b"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dec2edb7aaf12a8878b3a03172ea8fc277b8eaad"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c49f04e8d2b94dbb8d9fd99731dd3f00589c8ace"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69b73b74d9eb45f5560a8fe4fa406ada580e1340"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da857e448322a2e871ce3ecc2900027041160d43"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5dc1e69fd7258ea605c9952e5d5947539159ae3"
        }
      ],
      "title": "inet: frags: strip GSO state from fragments before reassembly",
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-80590",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-28T06:35:12.516Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-26T14:34:25.770Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T08:43:12.426Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/smb/client/smb1transport.c"
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          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.12"
            },
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              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "version": "6.12.113",
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              "status": "unaffected",
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            },
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            {
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              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsmb: client: fix OOB read/write from unvalidated DataOffset in coalesce_t2()\n\ncoalesce_t2() computes data pointers directly from server-supplied\nDataOffset fields with no validation against buffer bounds:\n\n  data_area_of_tgt = (char *)\u0026pSMBt-\u003ehdr.Protocol +\n                     get_unaligned_le16(\u0026pSMBt-\u003et2_rsp.DataOffset);\n  data_area_of_src = (char *)\u0026pSMBs-\u003ehdr.Protocol +\n                     get_unaligned_le16(\u0026pSMBs-\u003et2_rsp.DataOffset);\n  data_area_of_tgt += total_in_tgt;\n  ...\n  memcpy(data_area_of_tgt, data_area_of_src, total_in_src);\n\nA small DataOffset can push a pointer below the actual byte area,\noverwriting header fields; a large one can push it past the buffer\nend, causing out-of-bounds heap reads (source) or writes (target).\nThe BCC overflow guard does not prevent this: BCC reflects how much\ndata is present, while DataOffset controls where in the buffer it\nstarts.\n\nThe \"validate target area\" comment present since the function was\nfirst written in 2005 was a placeholder that was never implemented.\n\nAdd lower- and upper-bound checks for both data pointers before the\nmemcpy, and before any target header fields are modified."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - coalesce_t2() runs in cifs_demultiplex_thread on SMB1 TRANS2 responses received over TCP/445; a malicious or compromised SMB1 server (or MITM on an unsigned session) delivers the crafted DataOffset/DataCount fields entirely over the network.\nAC:L - The server fully controls DataOffset, DataCount, and TotalDataCount in both primary and secondary TRANS2 PDUs and can force a large first fragment so mid-\u003eresp_buf is set; the unbounded memcpy is deterministic with no race or condition outside the attacker\u2019s control.\nPR:N - The attacker is the remote SMB peer and needs no account or privileges on the victim; coalesce_t2() runs in the demux thread before validate_t2() or any local capability check, and session credentials belong to the client mount, not the attacking server.\nUI:N - Once an SMB1 CIFS mount exists (fstab, autofs, embedded/industrial NAS; CONFIG_CIFS_ALLOW_INSECURE_LEGACY defaults on), reconnect and ordinary lookup/readdir/getattr plus cifs_qfs_tcon QUERY_FS_INFO issue TRANS2 automatically, so the server can trigger coalescing with no further user action.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds heap read/write corrupts the client kernel\u2019s own cifs_request slab within the same host security authority; this is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or sandbox boundary crossing.\nC:H - An unvalidated source DataOffset lets memcpy read far past the secondary response (DataOffset is a 16-bit value up to 65535 versus a ~16KB cifs_request object), disclosing adjacent kernel heap; the same memory-corruption primitive can be leveraged for further disclosure.\nI:H - An unvalidated target DataOffset lets memcpy write attacker-controlled bytes past the primary buffer (or backward into the SMB header); the BCC-size guard does not constrain where the copy starts, yielding an out-of-bounds write exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - Reading or writing tens of kilobytes past the cifs_request allocation can fault on unmapped pages and oops or panic the demux thread, and a malicious server can retrigger it on every multi-part TRANS2."
            }
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        }
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.27"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.27",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.272",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.223",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.190",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.159",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.113",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.57",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.11",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.272",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.223",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27",
                  "vulnerable": true
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                  "vulnerable": true
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nipv4: validate checksum_start before completing checksum\n\nIf a packet with bad checksum metadata gets into the ipv4 stack,\nskb_checksum_help can corrupt the network header and cause a bunch of\nmischief.\n\nThis was discovered and reported by Paulos, and has been reporoduced\nby others independently since.\n\nWe really shouldn\u0027t allow such packets in, but as a defence\nin depth measure, let\u0027s also check before we complete the checksum.\n\nA more complete validation at input is forthcoming, but needs more work."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.3,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - A malicious microVM supplies crafted virtio-net checksum metadata with its outbound frame. The VMM writes it to the host TAP, where tun_get_user() feeds the skb to the IPv4 stack and ip_do_fragment() calls skb_checksum_help(); this is a guest/local virtual-device path, not an Internet receive path.\nAC:L - The guest controls the frame, checksum start and offset, and packet size and can repeat the same fragmentation sequence. No race, timing window, or uncontrollable memory layout is needed; host leak, crash, and code-execution variants were reproduced with crafted packets.\nPR:N - In the microVM scenario, a tenant workload able to transmit through its assigned virtio-net interface can supply the triggering traffic. It needs no host credentials, capability, or access to /dev/net/tun; the privileged VMM merely forwards guest output to its existing TAP fd.\nUI:N - The attacker sends the crafted guest packets directly, and host TAP/IPv4 processing invokes checksum completion automatically. No host administrator or other victim must act.\nS:C - The checksum metadata originates in an untrusted microVM, but skb_checksum_help() and ip_do_fragment() process and corrupt state in the host kernel. The demonstrated leak, crash, and administrator code execution cross the guest-to-host isolation boundary.\nC:H - After skb_checksum_help() changes an already-validated IPv4 IHL, ip_do_fragment() trusts the new length and ip_frag_next() copies beyond the skb\u0027s logical linear head into transmitted IPv4 options. This was demonstrated as continuous host-memory disclosure in guest-emitted packets.\nI:H - skb_checksum_help() writes at the attacker-controlled checksum position inside an IPv4 header after routing and validation, and downstream code trusts the modified fields. Crafted guest packets using this flaw were demonstrated to execute commands with full administrator privileges on the host.\nA:H - Malformed checksum offsets reach skb_checksum_help() from IPv4 fragmentation and can trip WARN_ONCE/panic paths or poison the header geometry used downstream. Crafted guest packets were demonstrated to crash the physical host, taking down all sandboxes on it. -- Thanks, Sasha"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T09:27:03.911Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a464d950f31c89565cbaae038cc60db04fe01956"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fab003ef4698e0628060a45a48f14b43ba2a40a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94524b7b32691de2e2ce162c04d6cbc9106e5cbf"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a65f69e0f38ffbed1b128029e09097436416dc8b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32a8b0adaa18e52aaa0b246b5ffe683075354dbb"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f3e835af6226f1dd12160cbd696081e9b6155de0"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c3e33464746166264334641dc850a36eef7e6326"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6785011f8b16abf40b1e9d8b2e332232b3e68822"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://pwn.ai/blog/pwnescape"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://vercel.com/blog/findings-from-the-1-million-dollar-vercel-sandbox-challenge"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ipv4: validate checksum_start before completing checksum",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-99999",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-15T12:19:22.784Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:25:14.451Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T21:19:28.844Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}