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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndm cache policy smq: fix missing locks in invalidating cache blocks\n\nIn passthrough mode, the policy invalidate_mapping operation is called\nsimultaneously from multiple workers, thus it should be protected by a\nlock. Otherwise, we might end up with data races on the allocated blocks\ncounter, or even use-after-free issues with internal data structures\nwhen doing concurrent writes.\n\nNote that the existing FIXME in smq_invalidate_mapping() doesn\u0027t affect\npassthrough mode since migration tasks don\u0027t exist there, but would need\nattention if supporting fast device shrinking via suspend/resume without\ntarget reloading.\n\nReproduce steps:\n\n1. Create a cache device consisting of 1024 cache entries\n\ndmsetup create cmeta --table \"0 8192 linear /dev/sdc 0\"\ndmsetup create cdata --table \"0 131072 linear /dev/sdc 8192\"\ndmsetup create corig --table \"0 262144 linear /dev/sdc 262144\"\ndd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/cmeta bs=4k count=1 oflag=direct\ndmsetup create cache --table \"0 262144 cache /dev/mapper/cmeta \\\n/dev/mapper/cdata /dev/mapper/corig 128 2 metadata2 writethrough smq 0\"\n\n2. Populate the cache, and record the number of cached blocks\n\nfio --name=populate --filename=/dev/mapper/cache --rw=randwrite --bs=4k \\\n--size=64m --direct=1\nnr_cached=$(dmsetup status cache | awk \u0027{split($7, a, \"/\"); print a[1]}\u0027)\n\n3. Reload the cache into passthrough mode\n\ndmsetup suspend cache\ndmsetup reload cache --table \"0 262144 cache /dev/mapper/cmeta \\\n/dev/mapper/cdata /dev/mapper/corig 128 2 metadata2 passthrough smq 0\"\ndmsetup resume cache\n\n4. Write to the passthrough cache. By setting multiple jobs with I/O\n   size equal to the cache block size, cache blocks are invalidated\n   concurrently from different workers.\n\nfio --filename=/dev/mapper/cache --name=test --rw=randwrite --bs=64k \\\n--direct=1 --numjobs=2 --randrepeat=0 --size=64m\n\n5. Check if demoted matches cached block count. These numbers should\n   match but may differ due to the data race.\n\nnr_demoted=$(dmsetup status cache | awk \u0027{print $12}\u0027)\necho \"$nr_cached, $nr_demoted\""
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local block I/O to an existing dm-cache mapped device, such as writes from a mounted filesystem or direct writes to the block device. It is not reachable through a network packet path.\nAC:L - Once the dm-cache target is in passthrough mode with clean cached mappings, the attacker can trigger the race by issuing concurrent writes and controls both racing sides. No uncontrollable timing condition beyond ordinary concurrent I/O is required.\nPR:L - Creating or reloading the dm-cache target requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN, but in a reasonable deployed scenario an unprivileged local user with write access to a filesystem backed by the existing target can submit the writes that reach the vulnerable code. Device-mapper control ioctls are not reachable through unprivileged user namespaces.\nUI:N - The attacker only needs to issue local writes; no separate victim action is required.\nS:U - The corruption occurs inside the same kernel and block-device security authority. This is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or cross-scope boundary violation.\nC:H - The missing locking can produce use-after-free style reuse and corruption of SMQ internal mapping structures. Following the higher-severity rule for kernel memory corruption, this is treated as capable of enabling high-impact information disclosure.\nI:H - The race can corrupt cache policy queues/hash tables and freed/reused mapping entries, affecting kernel control/data structures and potentially cache block mapping integrity. This is memory corruption/use-after-free class behavior, so high integrity impact is defensible.\nA:H - The race can trigger double-free/allocation checks, corrupted queues/hash state, NULL-deref-adjacent failures in the same passthrough write path, or kernel oops/panic. Repeated concurrent writes can therefore cause high availability impact."
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.259",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
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                },
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nip6: vti: Use ip6_tnl.net in vti6_changelink().\n\nip netns add ns1\nip netns add ns2\nip -n ns1 link add vti6_test type vti6 remote ::1 local ::2 key 7\nip -n ns1 link set vti6_test netns ns2\nip -n ns2 link set vti6_test type vti6 remote ::3 local ::4 key 9\nip netns del ns2\nip netns del ns1\n[  132.495484] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[  132.497609] kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12376!\n\nCommit 61220ab34948 (\"vti6: Enable namespace changing\") dropped\nNETIF_F_NETNS_LOCAL from vti6 devices. A vti6 tunnel can then\nmove through IFLA_NET_NS_FD. After the move dev_net(dev) points\nat the new netns while t-\u003enet stays at the creation netns.\n\nvti6_changelink() and vti6_update() still use dev_net(dev) and\ndev_net(t-\u003edev). They unlink from one per netns hash and relink\ninto another. The creation netns is left with a stale entry.\ncleanup_net() of that netns later walks freed memory.\n\nReachable from an unprivileged user namespace (unshare --user\n--map-root-user --net). Cross tenant scope on container hosts."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only through rtnetlink configuration (RTM_NEWLINK changelink and RTM_SETLINK netns move via `ip link`), not through remote packet handling on the vti6 tunnel itself.\nAC:L - Exploitation is a deterministic, attacker-controlled sequence (create vti6, move netns, changelink, delete netns) with no races or external victim state required.\nPR:L - The fix commit and rtnetlink path confirm reachability with CAP_NET_ADMIN inside an unprivileged user+network namespace (`unshare --user --map-root-user --net`), not init-namespace root.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required; the attacker triggers the bug entirely through their own netlink operations.\nS:C - On container hosts, an unprivileged tenant can corrupt namespace teardown and panic the host kernel, impacting resources outside the attacker\u0027s security scope (other tenants and the host).\nC:H - The stale per-netns hash leaves `cleanup_net()`/`vti6_exit_rtnl_net()` walking freed `ip6_tnl` list nodes, constituting a use-after-free with arbitrary kernel memory read potential.\nI:H - Cross-netns hash corruption can leave dangling pointers and drive `unregister_netdevice_queue()` on already-freed devices (kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12376), enabling memory corruption exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The published reproducer reliably triggers a kernel BUG during namespace cleanup, causing host-wide denial of service via kernel panic/oops."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:37:11.588Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cdce7618464f7fb06f461e8f4ad575cb1d570f4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5c68875e25f331e497ddfbe81e2d8163a87f136"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9c5eecdb3c740e65038651db7c686b10d76d1bc"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f1e89a943ee574d0f2f16246eb3f2d7330fdeb03"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/225b467e3b631f38be22e4b38062a1fed02fdd21"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fc32be9ac2788524c6b24efd681cce7a6e731a92"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ee1778ba0f5cb53be771f97017d01eb356c797bf"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/11b326fb0a374f4654f9be22d0f0f7abd9f7d3fe"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ip6: vti: Use ip6_tnl.net in vti6_changelink().",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-63917",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-19T14:55:20.703Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T07:54:57.020Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:37:11.588Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}