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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eInefficient algorithmic complexity in the Erlang/OTP asn1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER decoder allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted OID during the TLS handshake.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe BER OID decoder \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl\u003c/code\u003e and the equivalent PER helper \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl\u003c/code\u003e accumulate a base-128 subidentifier into an unbounded integer using \u003ccode\u003e(Av bsl 7) + H\u003c/code\u003e per continuation byte. Each shift and addition on the growing accumulator is linear in the number of bits already accumulated, giving quadratic total work in the size of a single subidentifier. The JER helper \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl\u003c/code\u003e exhibits the same class of unbounded-integer parsing when decoding a dot-separated OID from JSON. A DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER with one very large arc (approximately 262 KB of continuation bytes) consumes roughly 13 seconds of CPU on typical hardware.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerable decoder is generated into every ASN.1 module that contains an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, including \u003ccode\u003eOTP-PUB-KEY\u003c/code\u003e which is reached during X.509 certificate parsing via \u003ccode\u003epublic_key:pkix_decode_cert/2\u003c/code\u003e. This decoder runs before any signature or trust chain verification, so any Erlang service that parses peer TLS certificates is exposed: the default for TLS clients (which always parse the server certificate) and for mutual-TLS servers (which parse client certificates).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003elib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl\u003c/code\u003e and program routines \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003easn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u0026nbsp;17.0 before OTP\u0026nbsp;27.3.4.18, OTP\u0026nbsp;28.5.0.7, and OTP\u0026nbsp;29.1.1, corresponding to asn1 from 3.0 before 5.3.4.3, 5.4.3.1, and 5.5.2. Whether OTP before OTP\u0026nbsp;17.0, corresponding to asn1 before 3.0, is affected is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "Inefficient algorithmic complexity in the Erlang/OTP asn1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER decoder allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted OID during the TLS handshake.\n\nThe BER OID decoder `asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3` in `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl` and the equivalent PER helper `asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3` in `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl` accumulate a base-128 subidentifier into an unbounded integer using `(Av bsl 7) + H` per continuation byte. Each shift and addition on the growing accumulator is linear in the number of bits already accumulated, giving quadratic total work in the size of a single subidentifier. The JER helper `asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1` in `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl` exhibits the same class of unbounded-integer parsing when decoding a dot-separated OID from JSON. A DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER with one very large arc (approximately 262 KB of continuation bytes) consumes roughly 13 seconds of CPU on typical hardware.\n\nThe vulnerable decoder is generated into every ASN.1 module that contains an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, including `OTP-PUB-KEY` which is reached during X.509 certificate parsing via `public_key:pkix_decode_cert/2`. This decoder runs before any signature or trust chain verification, so any Erlang service that parses peer TLS certificates is exposed: the default for TLS clients (which always parse the server certificate) and for mutual-TLS servers (which parse client certificates).\n\nThis vulnerability is associated with program files `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl`, `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl` and `lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl` and program routines `asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3`, `asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3` and `asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1`.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u00a017.0 before OTP\u00a027.3.4.18, OTP\u00a028.5.0.7, and OTP\u00a029.1.1, corresponding to asn1 from 3.0 before 5.3.4.3, 5.4.3.1, and 5.5.2. Whether OTP before OTP\u00a017.0, corresponding to asn1 before 3.0, is affected is unknown."
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          "value": "Inefficient algorithmic complexity in the Erlang/OTP asn1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER decoder allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted OID during the TLS handshake.\n\nThe BER OID decoder asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3 in lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl and the equivalent PER helper asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3 in lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl accumulate a base-128 subidentifier into an unbounded integer using (Av bsl 7) + H per continuation byte. Each shift and addition on the growing accumulator is linear in the number of bits already accumulated, giving quadratic total work in the size of a single subidentifier. The JER helper asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1 in lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl exhibits the same class of unbounded-integer parsing when decoding a dot-separated OID from JSON. A DER-encoded OBJECT IDENTIFIER with one very large arc (approximately 262 KB of continuation bytes) consumes roughly 13 seconds of CPU on typical hardware.\n\nThe vulnerable decoder is generated into every ASN.1 module that contains an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, including OTP-PUB-KEY which is reached during X.509 certificate parsing via public_key:pkix_decode_cert/2. This decoder runs before any signature or trust chain verification, so any Erlang service that parses peer TLS certificates is exposed: the default for TLS clients (which always parse the server certificate) and for mutual-TLS servers (which parse client certificates).\n\nThis vulnerability is associated with program files lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_ber.erl, lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_per_common.erl and lib/asn1/src/asn1rtt_jer.erl and program routines asn1rtt_ber:dec_subidentifiers/3, asn1rtt_per_common:dec_subidentifiers/3 and asn1rtt_jer:json2oid/1.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u00a017.0 before OTP\u00a027.3.4.18, OTP\u00a028.5.0.7, and OTP\u00a029.1.1, corresponding to asn1 from 3.0 before 5.3.4.3, 5.4.3.1, and 5.5.2. Whether OTP before OTP\u00a017.0, corresponding to asn1 before 3.0, is affected is unknown."
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssh allows an authenticated remote attacker to exhaust node memory by repeatedly opening session channels that are never assigned a handler.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003e\"session\"\u003c/code\u003e clause of \u003ccode\u003essh_connection:handle_msg/4\u003c/code\u003e checks only \u003ccode\u003eminimal_remote_max_packet_size\u003c/code\u003e before calling \u003ccode\u003esetup_session/5\u003c/code\u003e, which unconditionally builds a \u003ccode\u003e#channel{}\u003c/code\u003e record and stores it in the ETS channel cache. The \u003ccode\u003emax_channels\u003c/code\u003e daemon option is consulted only by \u003ccode\u003essh_channel_sup:max_num_channels_not_exceeded/2\u003c/code\u003e, which counts supervisor children, so a channel that never gets a shell, exec, or subsystem handler is invisible to the limit and setting the option to a finite value does not mitigate the attack. RFC 4254 section 5.1 permits many session channels per connection, and each record costs only a few hundred bytes, so a single authenticated connection can accumulate channels until the node runs out of memory and the emulator terminates, affecting every application on it. No file contents, credentials, or write access are obtainable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u0026nbsp;18.1.2 before OTP\u0026nbsp;27.3.4.18, OTP\u0026nbsp;28.5.0.7, and OTP\u0026nbsp;29.1.1, corresponding to ssh from 4.1.1 before 5.2.11.13, 5.5.2.6, and 6.0.6. Whether OTP before OTP\u0026nbsp;18.1.2, corresponding to ssh before 4.1.1, is affected is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssh allows an authenticated remote attacker to exhaust node memory by repeatedly opening session channels that are never assigned a handler.\n\nThe `\"session\"` clause of `ssh_connection:handle_msg/4` checks only `minimal_remote_max_packet_size` before calling `setup_session/5`, which unconditionally builds a `#channel{}` record and stores it in the ETS channel cache. The `max_channels` daemon option is consulted only by `ssh_channel_sup:max_num_channels_not_exceeded/2`, which counts supervisor children, so a channel that never gets a shell, exec, or subsystem handler is invisible to the limit and setting the option to a finite value does not mitigate the attack. RFC 4254 section 5.1 permits many session channels per connection, and each record costs only a few hundred bytes, so a single authenticated connection can accumulate channels until the node runs out of memory and the emulator terminates, affecting every application on it. No file contents, credentials, or write access are obtainable.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u00a018.1.2 before OTP\u00a027.3.4.18, OTP\u00a028.5.0.7, and OTP\u00a029.1.1, corresponding to ssh from 4.1.1 before 5.2.11.13, 5.5.2.6, and 6.0.6. Whether OTP before OTP\u00a018.1.2, corresponding to ssh before 4.1.1, is affected is unknown."
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          "value": "Key Exchange without Entity Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl allows a peer that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection to impersonate the intended server. A pre_shared_key extension in the ServerHello that the client never offered causes the client to complete the handshake without validating the server\u0027s certificate, so ssl:connect returns {ok, Socket} against a peer holding no certificate, no private key and no prior session.\n\ntls_client_connection_1_3:handle_server_hello/2 passes the received extension to tls_gen_connection_1_3:handle_resumption/2, which sets resumption = true on its mere presence without checking that the client offered a PSK. tls_handshake_1_3:get_pre_shared_key/4 meanwhile falls back to the all-zero \"no PSK\" value and keys the handshake with the ordinary non-PSK schedule, so the attacker\u0027s own ephemeral key suffices. The resumption flag then routes maybe_resumption/1 straight to wait_finished, skipping the certificate-handling states, so certificate path validation, verify_fun, hostname verification, partial_chain, CRL checking and OCSP stapling are all bypassed. The default client configuration is affected; clients restricted to TLS 1.2 are not.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u00a022.2 before OTP\u00a027.3.4.18, OTP\u00a028.5.0.7, and OTP\u00a029.1.1, corresponding to ssl from 9.5 before 11.2.12.13, 11.6.0.6, and 11.7.7."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-94",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eAn attacker that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection, either as the host the client dials or as an on-path attacker, completes the handshake as the intended server and holds all traffic keys. It can read everything the application sends, including credentials, tokens and request bodies, and forge every response. Any consumer of \u003ccode\u003essl:connect\u003c/code\u003e that negotiates TLS 1.3 is affected, including \u003ccode\u003ehttpc\u003c/code\u003e over HTTPS, database and messaging client libraries, and TLS distribution clients.\u003c/p\u003e"
                },
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/markdown",
                  "value": "An attacker that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection, either as the host the client dials or as an on-path attacker, completes the handshake as the intended server and holds all traffic keys. It can read everything the application sends, including credentials, tokens and request bodies, and forge every response. Any consumer of `ssl:connect` that negotiates TLS 1.3 is affected, including `httpc` over HTTPS, database and messaging client libraries, and TLS distribution clients."
                }
              ],
              "value": "An attacker that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection, either as the host the client dials or as an on-path attacker, completes the handshake as the intended server and holds all traffic keys. It can read everything the application sends, including credentials, tokens and request bodies, and forge every response. Any consumer of ssl:connect that negotiates TLS 1.3 is affected, including httpc over HTTPS, database and messaging client libraries, and TLS distribution clients."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 9.3,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-322",
              "description": "CWE-322 Key Exchange without Entity Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-22T08:49:16.171Z",
        "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "shortName": "EEF"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Advisory",
          "tags": [
            "related",
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-rgxr-4g4w-j875"
        },
        {
          "name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-89422",
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-89422.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-89422",
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-89422"
        },
        {
          "name": "Erlang/OTP version ordering",
          "tags": [
            "x_version-scheme"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions"
        },
        {
          "name": "Introducing commit 21b8a1b in erlang/otp",
          "tags": [
            "related"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/21b8a1b0ad0adf200682b3854bc50114ab2b8c62"
        },
        {
          "name": "Fix commit afec515 in erlang/otp",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/afec5156361bb50d3607c7c1a453c19b9149b324"
        },
        {
          "name": "Fix commit 98c66c8 in erlang/otp",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/98c66c858113949c4262d26cd7d426c4b09d2b35"
        },
        {
          "name": "Fix commit fd1d9d0 in erlang/otp",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/fd1d9d07fc92ec0d59f96dfb66182195882bb7dd"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "TLS 1.3 client skips server authentication when ServerHello carries an unsolicited pre_shared_key extension",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eRestrict affected clients to TLS 1.2 by setting \u003ccode\u003e{versions, [\u0027tlsv1.2\u0027]}\u003c/code\u003e in the client\u0027s \u003ccode\u003essl\u003c/code\u003e options. This avoids the vulnerable code path at the cost of losing TLS 1.3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo configuration both keeps TLS 1.3 and mitigates the issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
            },
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/markdown",
              "value": "Restrict affected clients to TLS 1.2 by setting `{versions, [\u0027tlsv1.2\u0027]}` in the client\u0027s `ssl` options. This avoids the vulnerable code path at the cost of losing TLS 1.3.\n\nNo configuration both keeps TLS 1.3 and mitigates the issue."
            }
          ],
          "value": "Restrict affected clients to TLS 1.2 by setting {versions, [\u0027tlsv1.2\u0027]} in the client\u0027s ssl options. This avoids the vulnerable code path at the cost of losing TLS 1.3.\n\nNo configuration both keeps TLS 1.3 and mitigates the issue."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
    "assignerShortName": "EEF",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-89422",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-22T08:49:16.171Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-11T18:45:01.480Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-22T13:08:15.912Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}