CVE-2024-50195 (GCVE-0-2024-50195)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-08 05:54 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
posix-clock: Fix missing timespec64 check in pc_clock_settime()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
posix-clock: Fix missing timespec64 check in pc_clock_settime()
As Andrew pointed out, it will make sense that the PTP core
checked timespec64 struct's tv_sec and tv_nsec range before calling
ptp->info->settime64().
As the man manual of clock_settime() said, if tp.tv_sec is negative or
tp.tv_nsec is outside the range [0..999,999,999], it should return EINVAL,
which include dynamic clocks which handles PTP clock, and the condition is
consistent with timespec64_valid(). As Thomas suggested, timespec64_valid()
only check the timespec is valid, but not ensure that the time is
in a valid range, so check it ahead using timespec64_valid_strict()
in pc_clock_settime() and return -EINVAL if not valid.
There are some drivers that use tp->tv_sec and tp->tv_nsec directly to
write registers without validity checks and assume that the higher layer
has checked it, which is dangerous and will benefit from this, such as
hclge_ptp_settime(), igb_ptp_settime_i210(), _rcar_gen4_ptp_settime(),
and some drivers can remove the checks of itself.
Severity
7.1 (High)
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-01 20:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-754 - Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions
Assigner
References
10 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2 , < 29f085345cde24566efb751f39e5d367c381c584
(git)
Affected: 0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2 , < e0c966bd3e31911b57ef76cec4c5796ebd88e512 (git) Affected: 0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2 , < 673a1c5a2998acbd429d6286e6cad10f17f4f073 (git) Affected: 0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2 , < c8789fbe2bbf75845e45302cba6ffa44e1884d01 (git) Affected: 0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2 , < 27abbde44b6e71ee3891de13e1a228aa7ce95bfe (git) Affected: 0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2 , < a3f169e398215e71361774d13bf91a0101283ac2 (git) Affected: 0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2 , < 1ff7247101af723731ea42ed565d54fb8f341264 (git) Affected: 0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2 , < d8794ac20a299b647ba9958f6d657051fc51a540 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2.6.39
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.39 (semver) Unaffected: 4.19.323 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.285 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.228 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.169 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.114 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.58 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.11.5 , ≤ 6.11.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nposix-clock: Fix missing timespec64 check in pc_clock_settime()\n\nAs Andrew pointed out, it will make sense that the PTP core\nchecked timespec64 struct\u0027s tv_sec and tv_nsec range before calling\nptp-\u003einfo-\u003esettime64().\n\nAs the man manual of clock_settime() said, if tp.tv_sec is negative or\ntp.tv_nsec is outside the range [0..999,999,999], it should return EINVAL,\nwhich include dynamic clocks which handles PTP clock, and the condition is\nconsistent with timespec64_valid(). As Thomas suggested, timespec64_valid()\nonly check the timespec is valid, but not ensure that the time is\nin a valid range, so check it ahead using timespec64_valid_strict()\nin pc_clock_settime() and return -EINVAL if not valid.\n\nThere are some drivers that use tp-\u003etv_sec and tp-\u003etv_nsec directly to\nwrite registers without validity checks and assume that the higher layer\nhas checked it, which is dangerous and will benefit from this, such as\nhclge_ptp_settime(), igb_ptp_settime_i210(), _rcar_gen4_ptp_settime(),\nand some drivers can remove the checks of itself."
}
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"value": "AV:L - The only entry point is the local `clock_settime()`/`clock_settime32()` syscall with a dynamic CLOCKFD clockid derived from an open file descriptor on a `/dev/ptpN` character device. There is no network, adjacent, or remote-peer path into `pc_clock_settime()`.\nAC:L - A single syscall with e.g. `tv_nsec = 1000000000` or `tv_sec = -1` deterministically drives the unvalidated value into the driver callback \u2014 no race, no timing window, no memory-layout or victim-state dependency, and it can be repeated at will.\nPR:L - No capability check exists anywhere on the path; the sole gate is `FMODE_WRITE` on a PTP character device, which is routinely granted to non-root PTP/TSN daemons (linuxptp running with dropped privileges), containers, and appliance workloads in telecom, automotive and cloud deployments. An ordinary unprivileged user holding such a descriptor fully controls the trigger.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the whole sequence on a descriptor they opened themselves with one syscall. No mount, file open, or other action by another user is required.\nS:U - The corrupted state is the kernel\u0027s own PTP/posix-clock objects and the NIC\u0027s PHC managed by the same kernel security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:N - The defect is a missing input-validation check on a value flowing inward to hardware registers and time arithmetic; nothing is read out of bounds, no freed object is reused, and no kernel memory is copied back to userspace, so no read primitive exists.\nI:H - The attacker gains full, arbitrary control over the value programmed into the PTP hardware clock \u2014 the authoritative time base for all hardware timestamping on the interface, for PTP/gPTP synchronization of downstream nodes, and for TSN taprio/ETF gate schedules \u2014 and drivers such as `hclge_ptp_settime()`, `igb_ptp_settime_i210()` and `_rcar_gen4_ptp_settime()` commit it to registers with no checks of their own. Malicious modification of that specific state is a direct, serious integrity consequence for the impacted component, and it also drives undefined arithmetic (`timespec64_to_ns()` overflow, `timecounter_init()`, `do_div()` in `vsc9959_new_base_time()`) in code that assumed a validated input.\nA:H - Programming an out-of-range or negative time into the PHC produces a total, persistent loss of hardware timestamping, PTP synchronization and time-aware-shaper transmission on that interface \u2014 TSN gate schedules recomputed from the poisoned base never open, and the condition can be re-triggered at will so the service cannot recover. The unvalidated value additionally reaches out-of-spec hardware register writes and overflowing kernel time arithmetic on paths that assume validated input."
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"title": "posix-clock: Fix missing timespec64 check in pc_clock_settime()",
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"cveId": "CVE-2024-50195",
"datePublished": "2024-11-08T05:54:10.183Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-10-21T19:36:19.968Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:42:26.108Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"cve": "CVE-2024-50195",
"date": "2026-09-13",
"epss": "0.00234",
"percentile": "0.14366"
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"cve": "CVE-2024-50195",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2024-50195",
"initial_release_date": "2024-11-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:fixed": "5",
"product_status:known_affected": "5",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "posix-clock: Fix missing timespec64 check in pc_clock_settime()",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2024/msrc_cve-2024-50195.json",
"version": "3"
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"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2024-50195\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2024-11-08T06:15:16.280\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-08-04T11:21:31.493\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nposix-clock: Fix missing timespec64 check in pc_clock_settime()\\n\\nAs Andrew pointed out, it will make sense that the PTP core\\nchecked timespec64 struct\u0027s tv_sec and tv_nsec range before calling\\nptp-\u003einfo-\u003esettime64().\\n\\nAs the man manual of clock_settime() said, if tp.tv_sec is negative or\\ntp.tv_nsec is outside the range [0..999,999,999], it should return EINVAL,\\nwhich include dynamic clocks which handles PTP clock, and the condition is\\nconsistent with timespec64_valid(). As Thomas suggested, timespec64_valid()\\nonly check the timespec is valid, but not ensure that the time is\\nin a valid range, so check it ahead using timespec64_valid_strict()\\nin pc_clock_settime() and return -EINVAL if not valid.\\n\\nThere are some drivers that use tp-\u003etv_sec and tp-\u003etv_nsec directly to\\nwrite registers without validity checks and assume that the higher layer\\nhas checked it, which is dangerous and will benefit from this, such as\\nhclge_ptp_settime(), igb_ptp_settime_i210(), _rcar_gen4_ptp_settime(),\\nand some drivers can remove the checks of itself.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: posix-clock: Arreglar la comprobaci\u00f3n timespec64 faltante en pc_clock_settime() Como se\u00f1al\u00f3 Andrew, tendr\u00e1 sentido que el n\u00facleo PTP comprobara el rango tv_sec y tv_nsec de la estructura timespec64 antes de llamar a ptp-\u0026gt;info-\u0026gt;settime64(). Como dec\u00eda el manual de manual de clock_settime(), si tp.tv_sec es negativo o tp.tv_nsec est\u00e1 fuera del rango [0..999,999,999], deber\u00eda devolver EINVAL, que incluye relojes din\u00e1micos que manejan el reloj PTP, y la condici\u00f3n es consistente con timespec64_valid(). Como sugiri\u00f3 Thomas, timespec64_valid() solo comprueba que el timespec sea v\u00e1lido, pero no garantiza que el tiempo est\u00e9 en un rango v\u00e1lido, as\u00ed que compru\u00e9belo con antelaci\u00f3n usando timespec64_valid_strict() en pc_clock_settime() y devuelva -EINVAL si no es v\u00e1lido. Hay algunos controladores que usan tp-\u0026gt;tv_sec y tp-\u0026gt;tv_nsec directamente para escribir registros sin comprobaciones de validez y asumen que la capa superior lo ha comprobado, lo cual es peligroso y se beneficiar\u00e1 de esto, como hclge_ptp_settime(), igb_ptp_settime_i210(), _rcar_gen4_ptp_settime(), y algunos controladores pueden eliminar las comprobaciones de s\u00ed 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"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-04T14:17:58+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2024-50195",
"id": "CVE-2024-50195",
"initial_release_date": "2024-11-08T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "303",
"product_status:known_affected": "112",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: posix-clock: Fix missing timespec64 check in pc_clock_settime()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-50195.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
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There is no network, adjacent, or remote-peer path into `pc_clock_settime()`.\\nAC:L - A single syscall with e.g. `tv_nsec = 1000000000` or `tv_sec = -1` deterministically drives the unvalidated value into the driver callback \\u2014 no race, no timing window, no memory-layout or victim-state dependency, and it can be repeated at will.\\nPR:L - No capability check exists anywhere on the path; the sole gate is `FMODE_WRITE` on a PTP character device, which is routinely granted to non-root PTP/TSN daemons (linuxptp running with dropped privileges), containers, and appliance workloads in telecom, automotive and cloud deployments. An ordinary unprivileged user holding such a descriptor fully controls the trigger.\\nUI:N - The attacker performs the whole sequence on a descriptor they opened themselves with one syscall. No mount, file open, or other action by another user is required.\\nS:U - The corrupted state is the kernel\u0027s own PTP/posix-clock objects and the NIC\u0027s PHC managed by the same kernel security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\\nC:N - The defect is a missing input-validation check on a value flowing inward to hardware registers and time arithmetic; nothing is read out of bounds, no freed object is reused, and no kernel memory is copied back to userspace, so no read primitive exists.\\nI:H - The attacker gains full, arbitrary control over the value programmed into the PTP hardware clock \\u2014 the authoritative time base for all hardware timestamping on the interface, for PTP/gPTP synchronization of downstream nodes, and for TSN taprio/ETF gate schedules \\u2014 and drivers such as `hclge_ptp_settime()`, `igb_ptp_settime_i210()` and `_rcar_gen4_ptp_settime()` commit it to registers with no checks of their own. Malicious modification of that specific state is a direct, serious integrity consequence for the impacted component, and it also drives undefined arithmetic (`timespec64_to_ns()` overflow, `timecounter_init()`, `do_div()` in `vsc9959_new_base_time()`) in code that assumed a validated input.\\nA:H - Programming an out-of-range or negative time into the PHC produces a total, persistent loss of hardware timestamping, PTP synchronization and time-aware-shaper transmission on that interface \\u2014 TSN gate schedules recomputed from the poisoned base never open, and the condition can be re-triggered at will so the service cannot recover. The unvalidated value additionally reaches out-of-spec hardware register writes and overflowing kernel time arithmetic on paths that assume validated input.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2\", \"lessThan\": \"29f085345cde24566efb751f39e5d367c381c584\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2\", \"lessThan\": \"e0c966bd3e31911b57ef76cec4c5796ebd88e512\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2\", \"lessThan\": \"673a1c5a2998acbd429d6286e6cad10f17f4f073\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2\", \"lessThan\": \"c8789fbe2bbf75845e45302cba6ffa44e1884d01\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2\", \"lessThan\": \"27abbde44b6e71ee3891de13e1a228aa7ce95bfe\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2\", \"lessThan\": \"a3f169e398215e71361774d13bf91a0101283ac2\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2\", \"lessThan\": \"1ff7247101af723731ea42ed565d54fb8f341264\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0606f422b453f76c31ab2b1bd52943ff06a2dcf2\", \"lessThan\": \"d8794ac20a299b647ba9958f6d657051fc51a540\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/time/posix-clock.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"2.6.39\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"2.6.39\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"4.19.323\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"4.19.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.4.285\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.4.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.10.228\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.10.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"5.15.169\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"5.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.114\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.58\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.11.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.11.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"kernel/time/posix-clock.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/29f085345cde24566efb751f39e5d367c381c584\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0c966bd3e31911b57ef76cec4c5796ebd88e512\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/673a1c5a2998acbd429d6286e6cad10f17f4f073\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c8789fbe2bbf75845e45302cba6ffa44e1884d01\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/27abbde44b6e71ee3891de13e1a228aa7ce95bfe\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3f169e398215e71361774d13bf91a0101283ac2\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ff7247101af723731ea42ed565d54fb8f341264\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d8794ac20a299b647ba9958f6d657051fc51a540\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nposix-clock: Fix missing timespec64 check in pc_clock_settime()\\n\\nAs Andrew pointed out, it will make sense that the PTP core\\nchecked timespec64 struct\u0027s tv_sec and tv_nsec range before calling\\nptp-\u003einfo-\u003esettime64().\\n\\nAs the man manual of clock_settime() said, if tp.tv_sec is negative or\\ntp.tv_nsec is outside the range [0..999,999,999], it should return EINVAL,\\nwhich include dynamic clocks which handles PTP clock, and the condition is\\nconsistent with timespec64_valid(). As Thomas suggested, timespec64_valid()\\nonly check the timespec is valid, but not ensure that the time is\\nin a valid range, so check it ahead using timespec64_valid_strict()\\nin pc_clock_settime() and return -EINVAL if not valid.\\n\\nThere are some drivers that use tp-\u003etv_sec and tp-\u003etv_nsec directly to\\nwrite registers without validity checks and assume that the higher layer\\nhas checked it, which is dangerous and will benefit from this, such as\\nhclge_ptp_settime(), igb_ptp_settime_i210(), _rcar_gen4_ptp_settime(),\\nand some drivers can remove the checks of itself.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"4.19.323\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.39\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.4.285\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.39\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.10.228\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.39\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"5.15.169\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.39\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.114\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.39\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.58\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.39\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.11.5\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.39\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"2.6.39\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:42:26.108Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2024-50195\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:42:26.108Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-10-21T19:36:19.968Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2024-11-08T05:54:10.183Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
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