CVE-2023-54200 (GCVE-0-2023-54200)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-30 12:09 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:41
VLAI
Title
netfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier This reverts "netfilter: nf_tables: skip netdev events generated on netns removal". The problem is that when a veth device is released, the veth release callback will also queue the peer netns device for removal. Its possible that the peer netns is also slated for removal. In this case, the device memory is already released before the pre_exit hook of the peer netns runs: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88812c0124f0 by task kworker/u8:1/45 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net Call Trace: nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0 __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x76/0x510 nft_netdev_unregister_hooks+0xa0/0x220 __nft_release_hook+0x184/0x490 nf_tables_pre_exit_net+0x12f/0x1b0 .. Order is: 1. First netns is released, veth_dellink() queues peer netns device for removal 2. peer netns is queued for removal 3. peer netns device is released, unreg event is triggered 4. unreg event is ignored because netns is going down 5. pre_exit hook calls nft_netdev_unregister_hooks but device memory might be free'd already.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:39 UTC
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6641 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739 , < 8d56f00c61f67b450fbbdcb874855e60ad92c560 (git)
Affected: 68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739 , < 30e4b13b1bfbdf3bf3b27036d8209ea1b9f0d880 (git)
Affected: 68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739 , < 94032527efbac13be702c76afb9d872c0cca7a43 (git)
Affected: 68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739 , < dc1c9fd4a8bbe1e06add9053010b652449bfe411 (git)
Affected: 90c7c58aa2bd02c65a4c63b7dfe0b16eab12cf9f (git)
Affected: 5.14.15 , < 5.15 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.113 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.30 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.3.4 , ≤ 6.3.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.4 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier\n\nThis reverts \"netfilter: nf_tables: skip netdev events generated on netns removal\".\n\nThe problem is that when a veth device is released, the veth release\ncallback will also queue the peer netns device for removal.\n\nIts possible that the peer netns is also slated for removal.  In this\ncase, the device memory is already released before the pre_exit hook of\nthe peer netns runs:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88812c0124f0 by task kworker/u8:1/45\nWorkqueue: netns cleanup_net\nCall Trace:\n nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\n __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x76/0x510\n nft_netdev_unregister_hooks+0xa0/0x220\n __nft_release_hook+0x184/0x490\n nf_tables_pre_exit_net+0x12f/0x1b0\n ..\n\nOrder is:\n1. First netns is released, veth_dellink() queues peer netns device\n   for removal\n2. peer netns is queued for removal\n3. peer netns device is released, unreg event is triggered\n4. unreg event is ignored because netns is going down\n5. pre_exit hook calls nft_netdev_unregister_hooks but device memory\n   might be free\u0027d already."
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            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: siempre liberar hooks de netdev desde el notificador\n\nEsto revierte \u2019netfilter: nf_tables: omitir eventos de netdev generados en la eliminaci\u00f3n de netns\u2019.\n\nEl problema es que cuando un dispositivo veth es liberado, la callback de liberaci\u00f3n de veth tambi\u00e9n pondr\u00e1 en cola el dispositivo netns par para su eliminaci\u00f3n.\n\nEs posible que el netns par tambi\u00e9n est\u00e9 programado para su eliminaci\u00f3n. En este caso, la memoria del dispositivo ya est\u00e1 liberada antes de que el hook pre_exit del netns par se ejecute:\n\nBUG: KASAN: uso despu\u00e9s de liberaci\u00f3n de slab en nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\nLectura de tama\u00f1o 8 en la direcci\u00f3n ffff88812c0124f0 por la tarea kworker/u8:1/45\nCola de trabajo: netns cleanup_net\nRastro de llamada:\n nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\n __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x76/0x510\n nft_netdev_unregister_hooks+0xa0/0x220\n __nft_release_hook+0x184/0x490\n nf_tables_pre_exit_net+0x12f/0x1b0\n ..\n\nEl orden es:\n1. El primer netns es liberado, veth_dellink() pone en cola el dispositivo netns par para su eliminaci\u00f3n\n2. El netns par es puesto en cola para su eliminaci\u00f3n\n3. El dispositivo netns par es liberado, se dispara el evento de desregistro\n4. El evento de desregistro es ignorado porque el netns se est\u00e1 cerrando\n5. El hook pre_exit llama a nft_netdev_unregister_hooks pero la memoria del dispositivo podr\u00eda haber sido liberada ya."
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            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:39:16.556Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "8d56f00c61f67b450fbbdcb874855e60ad92c560",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "30e4b13b1bfbdf3bf3b27036d8209ea1b9f0d880",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "94032527efbac13be702c76afb9d872c0cca7a43",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "dc1c9fd4a8bbe1e06add9053010b652449bfe411",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "90c7c58aa2bd02c65a4c63b7dfe0b16eab12cf9f",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "5.15",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "5.14.15",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "affected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "5.15"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "5.15",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "5.15.113",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.1.30",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.3.4",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.4",
                  "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.113",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.30",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.3.4",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.4",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "5.14.15",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier\n\nThis reverts \"netfilter: nf_tables: skip netdev events generated on netns removal\".\n\nThe problem is that when a veth device is released, the veth release\ncallback will also queue the peer netns device for removal.\n\nIts possible that the peer netns is also slated for removal.  In this\ncase, the device memory is already released before the pre_exit hook of\nthe peer netns runs:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88812c0124f0 by task kworker/u8:1/45\nWorkqueue: netns cleanup_net\nCall Trace:\n nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\n __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x76/0x510\n nft_netdev_unregister_hooks+0xa0/0x220\n __nft_release_hook+0x184/0x490\n nf_tables_pre_exit_net+0x12f/0x1b0\n ..\n\nOrder is:\n1. First netns is released, veth_dellink() queues peer netns device\n   for removal\n2. peer netns is queued for removal\n3. peer netns device is released, unreg event is triggered\n4. unreg event is ignored because netns is going down\n5. pre_exit hook calls nft_netdev_unregister_hooks but device memory\n   might be free\u0027d already."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through nfnetlink (nf_tables) configuration plus netns/veth lifecycle operations, all of which require local access via syscalls (netlink, unshare, rtnetlink). No remote packet processing is involved in triggering the UAF.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both namespaces, the veth pair, the nft basechain, and the timing of both netns exits, and can retry the create/destroy loop indefinitely at no cost until the two namespaces land in separate cleanup_net batches.\nPR:L - nf_tables netdev basechain creation only needs CAP_NET_ADMIN in the netns\u0027 owning user namespace (netlink_net_capable), which any unprivileged user obtains with `unshare -Urn`; veth pairs and netns teardown are likewise available inside that userns.\nUI:N - The entire sequence is driven by the attacker\u0027s own processes; the UAF fires in the kernel\u0027s cleanup_net workqueue with no action from any other user.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; there is no hypervisor, IOMMU, or other cross-authority boundary crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free: nf_hook_entry_head() reads dev_net(dev) and *pp out of the freed net_device, and the resulting attacker-influenceable pointer is dereferenced, enabling disclosure of kernel memory contents after heap spraying.\nI:H - __nf_unregister_net_hook() writes into the freed object (rcu_assign_pointer(*pp, new)) and nf_remove_net_hook() performs WRITE_ONCE through a pointer loaded from freed memory, giving a heap-spray-controllable write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - KASAN confirms a slab-use-after-free in the cleanup_net kworker; the corruption reliably produces an oops/panic, and a fault in cleanup_net additionally wedges all subsequent network-namespace teardown."
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:17:58.739Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d56f00c61f67b450fbbdcb874855e60ad92c560"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30e4b13b1bfbdf3bf3b27036d8209ea1b9f0d880"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94032527efbac13be702c76afb9d872c0cca7a43"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc1c9fd4a8bbe1e06add9053010b652449bfe411"
            }
          ],
          "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2023-54200",
        "datePublished": "2025-12-30T12:09:05.538Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-12-30T12:06:44.499Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:41.271Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
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  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

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Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

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