Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-JGCG-MPFG-G663

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 15:30 – Updated: 2026-08-04 12:34

Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier

This reverts "netfilter: nf_tables: skip netdev events generated on netns removal".

The problem is that when a veth device is released, the veth release callback will also queue the peer netns device for removal.

Its possible that the peer netns is also slated for removal. In this case, the device memory is already released before the pre_exit hook of the peer netns runs:

BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88812c0124f0 by task kworker/u8:1/45 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net Call Trace: nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0 __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x76/0x510 nft_netdev_unregister_hooks+0xa0/0x220 __nft_release_hook+0x184/0x490 nf_tables_pre_exit_net+0x12f/0x1b0 ..

Order is: 1. First netns is released, veth_dellink() queues peer netns device for removal 2. peer netns is queued for removal 3. peer netns device is released, unreg event is triggered 4. unreg event is ignored because netns is going down 5. pre_exit hook calls nft_netdev_unregister_hooks but device memory might be free'd already.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-54200"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T13:16:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier\n\nThis reverts \"netfilter: nf_tables: skip netdev events generated on netns removal\".\n\nThe problem is that when a veth device is released, the veth release\ncallback will also queue the peer netns device for removal.\n\nIts possible that the peer netns is also slated for removal.  In this\ncase, the device memory is already released before the pre_exit hook of\nthe peer netns runs:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88812c0124f0 by task kworker/u8:1/45\nWorkqueue: netns cleanup_net\nCall Trace:\n nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\n __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x76/0x510\n nft_netdev_unregister_hooks+0xa0/0x220\n __nft_release_hook+0x184/0x490\n nf_tables_pre_exit_net+0x12f/0x1b0\n ..\n\nOrder is:\n1. First netns is released, veth_dellink() queues peer netns device\n   for removal\n2. peer netns is queued for removal\n3. peer netns device is released, unreg event is triggered\n4. unreg event is ignored because netns is going down\n5. pre_exit hook calls nft_netdev_unregister_hooks but device memory\n   might be free\u0027d already.",
  "id": "GHSA-jgcg-mpfg-g663",
  "modified": "2026-08-04T12:34:48Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T15:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54200"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30e4b13b1bfbdf3bf3b27036d8209ea1b9f0d880"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d56f00c61f67b450fbbdcb874855e60ad92c560"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94032527efbac13be702c76afb9d872c0cca7a43"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc1c9fd4a8bbe1e06add9053010b652449bfe411"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

CVE-2023-54200 (GCVE-0-2023-54200)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-30 12:09 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:41

Title

netfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier This reverts "netfilter: nf_tables: skip netdev events generated on netns removal". The problem is that when a veth device is released, the veth release callback will also queue the peer netns device for removal. Its possible that the peer netns is also slated for removal. In this case, the device memory is already released before the pre_exit hook of the peer netns runs: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88812c0124f0 by task kworker/u8:1/45 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net Call Trace: nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0 __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x76/0x510 nft_netdev_unregister_hooks+0xa0/0x220 __nft_release_hook+0x184/0x490 nf_tables_pre_exit_net+0x12f/0x1b0 .. Order is: 1. First netns is released, veth_dellink() queues peer netns device for removal 2. peer netns is queued for removal 3. peer netns device is released, unreg event is triggered 4. unreg event is ignored because netns is going down 5. pre_exit hook calls nft_netdev_unregister_hooks but device memory might be free'd already.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:39 UTC

Assigner

Linux CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6641 records in the last 180 days details

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d56f00c61f67b450…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30e4b13b1bfbdf3bf…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94032527efbac13be…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc1c9fd4a8bbe1e06…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739 , < 8d56f00c61f67b450fbbdcb874855e60ad92c560 (git) Affected: 68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739 , < 30e4b13b1bfbdf3bf3b27036d8209ea1b9f0d880 (git) Affected: 68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739 , < 94032527efbac13be702c76afb9d872c0cca7a43 (git) Affected: 68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739 , < dc1c9fd4a8bbe1e06add9053010b652449bfe411 (git) Affected: 90c7c58aa2bd02c65a4c63b7dfe0b16eab12cf9f (git) Affected: 5.14.15 , < 5.15 (semver)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.15 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.15 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.113 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.30 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.3.4 , ≤ 6.3.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.4 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-54200",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:39:16.069317Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:41.271Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "8d56f00c61f67b450fbbdcb874855e60ad92c560",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "30e4b13b1bfbdf3bf3b27036d8209ea1b9f0d880",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "94032527efbac13be702c76afb9d872c0cca7a43",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "dc1c9fd4a8bbe1e06add9053010b652449bfe411",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "68a3765c659f809dcaac20030853a054646eb739",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "90c7c58aa2bd02c65a4c63b7dfe0b16eab12cf9f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.15",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.14.15",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.15"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.15",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.113",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.30",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.3.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.4",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.113",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.30",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.3.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.14.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier\n\nThis reverts \"netfilter: nf_tables: skip netdev events generated on netns removal\".\n\nThe problem is that when a veth device is released, the veth release\ncallback will also queue the peer netns device for removal.\n\nIts possible that the peer netns is also slated for removal.  In this\ncase, the device memory is already released before the pre_exit hook of\nthe peer netns runs:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88812c0124f0 by task kworker/u8:1/45\nWorkqueue: netns cleanup_net\nCall Trace:\n nf_hook_entry_head+0x1b8/0x1d0\n __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x76/0x510\n nft_netdev_unregister_hooks+0xa0/0x220\n __nft_release_hook+0x184/0x490\n nf_tables_pre_exit_net+0x12f/0x1b0\n ..\n\nOrder is:\n1. First netns is released, veth_dellink() queues peer netns device\n   for removal\n2. peer netns is queued for removal\n3. peer netns device is released, unreg event is triggered\n4. unreg event is ignored because netns is going down\n5. pre_exit hook calls nft_netdev_unregister_hooks but device memory\n   might be free\u0027d already."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through nfnetlink (nf_tables) configuration plus netns/veth lifecycle operations, all of which require local access via syscalls (netlink, unshare, rtnetlink). No remote packet processing is involved in triggering the UAF.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both namespaces, the veth pair, the nft basechain, and the timing of both netns exits, and can retry the create/destroy loop indefinitely at no cost until the two namespaces land in separate cleanup_net batches.\nPR:L - nf_tables netdev basechain creation only needs CAP_NET_ADMIN in the netns\u0027 owning user namespace (netlink_net_capable), which any unprivileged user obtains with `unshare -Urn`; veth pairs and netns teardown are likewise available inside that userns.\nUI:N - The entire sequence is driven by the attacker\u0027s own processes; the UAF fires in the kernel\u0027s cleanup_net workqueue with no action from any other user.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; there is no hypervisor, IOMMU, or other cross-authority boundary crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free: nf_hook_entry_head() reads dev_net(dev) and *pp out of the freed net_device, and the resulting attacker-influenceable pointer is dereferenced, enabling disclosure of kernel memory contents after heap spraying.\nI:H - __nf_unregister_net_hook() writes into the freed object (rcu_assign_pointer(*pp, new)) and nf_remove_net_hook() performs WRITE_ONCE through a pointer loaded from freed memory, giving a heap-spray-controllable write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - KASAN confirms a slab-use-after-free in the cleanup_net kworker; the corruption reliably produces an oops/panic, and a fault in cleanup_net additionally wedges all subsequent network-namespace teardown."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:17:58.739Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8d56f00c61f67b450fbbdcb874855e60ad92c560"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30e4b13b1bfbdf3bf3b27036d8209ea1b9f0d880"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/94032527efbac13be702c76afb9d872c0cca7a43"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc1c9fd4a8bbe1e06add9053010b652449bfe411"
        }
      ],
      "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: always release netdev hooks from notifier",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-54200",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-30T12:09:05.538Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-30T12:06:44.499Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:41.271Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

Loading timeline…

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted