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(CVE-2025-44005)
Vulnerability from cleanstart – Published: 2026-01-30 14:56 – Updated: 2026-09-18 11:59 – Source website
Withdrawn 2026-09-18
VLAI
Summary
processing time for parsing some invalid inputs scales non-linearly with respect to the size of the input
Details
Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the step-issuer-fips package. The processing time for parsing some invalid inputs scales non-linearly with respect to the size of the input. See references for individual vulnerability details.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
References
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "CleanStart",
"name": "step-issuer-fips"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.11-r1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [],
"database_specific": {},
"details": "Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the step-issuer-fips package. The processing time for parsing some invalid inputs scales non-linearly with respect to the size of the input. See references for individual vulnerability details.",
"id": "CLEANSTART-2026-KV78041",
"modified": "2026-09-18T11:59:01.768079Z",
"published": "2026-01-30T14:56:23.125184Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/cleanstart-dev/cleanstart-security-advisories/tree/main/advisories/2026/CLEANSTART-2026-KV78041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-44005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-58189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-61729"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62820"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2025-66406"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61729"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62820"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66406"
}
],
"related": [],
"schema_version": "1.7.3",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "processing time for parsing some invalid inputs scales non-linearly with respect to the size of the input",
"upstream": [
"CVE-2025-44005",
"CVE-2025-47913",
"CVE-2025-47914",
"CVE-2025-58181",
"CVE-2025-58183",
"CVE-2025-58185",
"CVE-2025-58187",
"CVE-2025-58188",
"CVE-2025-58189",
"CVE-2025-61723",
"CVE-2025-61724",
"CVE-2025-61725",
"CVE-2025-61727",
"CVE-2025-61729",
"CVE-2025-62820",
"CVE-2025-66406"
],
"withdrawn": "2026-09-18T11:59:01.768079Z"
}
CVE-2025-44005 (GCVE-0-2025-44005)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-17 15:16 – Updated: 2025-12-17 18:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-17 15:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-47913 (GCVE-0-2025-47913)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-13 21:29 – Updated: 2025-12-16 16:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Potential denial of service in golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent
Summary
SSH clients receiving SSH_AGENT_SUCCESS when expecting a typed response will panic and cause early termination of the client process.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-13 21:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-703 - Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/crypto | golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent |
Affected:
0 , < 0.43.0
(semver)
|
Credits
{
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"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "client.SignWithFlags"
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{
"name": "client.List"
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"name": "agentKeyringSigner.Sign"
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"name": "agentKeyringSigner.SignWithAlgorithm"
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CVE-2025-47914 (GCVE-0-2025-47914)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-19 20:33 – Updated: 2025-11-20 17:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Malformed constraint may cause denial of service in golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent
Summary
SSH Agent servers do not validate the size of messages when processing new identity requests, which may cause the program to panic if the message is malformed due to an out of bounds read.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-19 20:50 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/crypto | golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent |
Affected:
0 , < 0.45.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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"timestamp": "2025-11-19T20:50:27.263405Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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"programRoutines": [
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"name": "parseConstraints"
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{
"name": "ForwardToAgent"
},
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"name": "ServeAgent"
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],
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"versions": [
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"versionType": "semver"
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CVE-2025-58181 (GCVE-0-2025-58181)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-19 20:33 – Updated: 2025-11-20 17:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unbounded memory consumption in golang.org/x/crypto/ssh
Summary
SSH servers parsing GSSAPI authentication requests do not validate the number of mechanisms specified in the request, allowing an attacker to cause unbounded memory consumption.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-19 20:49 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/crypto | golang.org/x/crypto/ssh |
Affected:
0 , < 0.45.0
(semver)
|
Credits
{
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{
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"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
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"scope": "UNCHANGED",
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"timestamp": "2025-11-19T20:49:06.918113Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
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"cna": {
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh",
"product": "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh",
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{
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],
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{
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],
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],
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{
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/76363"
},
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}
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"title": "Unbounded memory consumption in golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
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},
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CVE-2025-58183 (GCVE-0-2025-58183)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 22:10 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unbounded allocation when parsing GNU sparse map in archive/tar
Summary
tar.Reader does not set a maximum size on the number of sparse region data blocks in GNU tar pax 1.0 sparse files. A maliciously-crafted archive containing a large number of sparse regions can cause a Reader to read an unbounded amount of data from the archive into memory. When reading from a compressed source, a small compressed input can result in large allocations.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-30 14:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | archive/tar |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.8
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.2 (semver) |
Credits
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CVE-2025-58185 (GCVE-0-2025-58185)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 22:10 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Parsing DER payload can cause memory exhaustion in encoding/asn1
Summary
Parsing a maliciously crafted DER payload could allocate large amounts of memory, causing memory exhaustion.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-30 14:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | encoding/asn1 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.8
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.2 (semver) |
Credits
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CVE-2025-58187 (GCVE-0-2025-58187)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 22:10 – Updated: 2025-11-20 22:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Quadratic complexity when checking name constraints in crypto/x509
Summary
Due to the design of the name constraint checking algorithm, the processing time of some inputs scale non-linearly with respect to the size of the certificate. This affects programs which validate arbitrary certificate chains.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-03 19:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/x509 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.9
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.3 (semver) |
Credits
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"collectionURL": "https://pkg.go.dev",
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"packageName": "crypto/x509",
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"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "parseSANExtension"
},
{
"name": "domainToReverseLabels"
},
{
"name": "CertPool.AppendCertsFromPEM"
},
{
"name": "Certificate.CheckCRLSignature"
},
{
"name": "Certificate.CheckSignature"
},
{
"name": "Certificate.CheckSignatureFrom"
},
{
"name": "Certificate.CreateCRL"
},
{
"name": "Certificate.Verify"
},
{
"name": "CertificateRequest.CheckSignature"
},
{
"name": "CreateCertificate"
},
{
"name": "CreateCertificateRequest"
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{
"name": "CreateRevocationList"
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{
"name": "DecryptPEMBlock"
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{
"name": "EncryptPEMBlock"
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{
"name": "MarshalECPrivateKey"
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{
"name": "MarshalPKCS1PrivateKey"
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{
"name": "MarshalPKCS1PublicKey"
},
{
"name": "MarshalPKCS8PrivateKey"
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"name": "MarshalPKIXPublicKey"
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"name": "ParseCRL"
},
{
"name": "ParseCertificate"
},
{
"name": "ParseCertificateRequest"
},
{
"name": "ParseCertificates"
},
{
"name": "ParseDERCRL"
},
{
"name": "ParseECPrivateKey"
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{
"name": "ParsePKCS1PrivateKey"
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{
"name": "ParsePKCS1PublicKey"
},
{
"name": "ParsePKCS8PrivateKey"
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"name": "ParseRevocationList"
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"name": "RevocationList.CheckSignatureFrom"
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CVE-2025-58188 (GCVE-0-2025-58188)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 22:10 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Panic when validating certificates with DSA public keys in crypto/x509
Summary
Validating certificate chains which contain DSA public keys can cause programs to panic, due to a interface cast that assumes they implement the Equal method. This affects programs which validate arbitrary certificate chains.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-30 14:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-248 - Uncaught Exception
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/x509 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.8
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.2 (semver) |
Credits
{
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CVE-2025-58189 (GCVE-0-2025-58189)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 22:10 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ALPN negotiation error contains attacker controlled information in crypto/tls
Summary
When Conn.Handshake fails during ALPN negotiation the error contains attacker controlled information (the ALPN protocols sent by the client) which is not escaped.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-03 19:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-117 - Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/tls |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.8
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.2 (semver) |
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CVE-2025-61723 (GCVE-0-2025-61723)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-29 22:10 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Quadratic complexity when parsing some invalid inputs in encoding/pem
Summary
The processing time for parsing some invalid inputs scales non-linearly with respect to the size of the input. This affects programs which parse untrusted PEM inputs.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-30 20:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | encoding/pem |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.8
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.2 (semver) |
Credits
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},
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Trend slope:
-
(linear fit over daily sighting counts)
Show additional events:
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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