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Vulnerability from cleanstart
Published
2026-04-01 09:47
Modified
2026-03-17 07:41
Summary
Security fixes for CVE-2025-61726, CVE-2025-61727, CVE-2025-61728, CVE-2025-61729, CVE-2025-61730, CVE-2025-61732, CVE-2025-67721, CVE-2025-68119, CVE-2025-68121, CVE-2026-1225, CVE-2026-1605, CVE-2026-25679, CVE-2026-27139, CVE-2026-27142, ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq applied in versions: 479-r0
Details
Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the trino package. These issues are resolved in later releases. See references for individual vulnerability details.
References
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CVE-2026-1605 (GCVE-0-2026-1605)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-05 09:39 – Updated: 2026-03-05 14:46
VLAI?
EPSS
Summary
In Eclipse Jetty, versions 12.0.0-12.0.31 and 12.1.0-12.0.5, class GzipHandler exposes a vulnerability when a compressed HTTP request, with Content-Encoding: gzip, is processed and the corresponding response is not compressed.
This happens because the JDK Inflater is allocated for decompressing the request, but it is not released because the release mechanism is tied to the compressed response.
In this case, since the response is not compressed, the release mechanism does not trigger, causing the leak.
Severity ?
7.5 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Jetty |
Affected:
12.0.0 , ≤ 12.0.31
(semver)
Affected: 12.1.0. , ≤ 12.1.5 (semver) |
Credits
Gleb Sizov (@glebashnik)
Bjørn Christian Seime (@bjorncs)
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CVE-2026-25679 (GCVE-0-2026-25679)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 21:28 – Updated: 2026-03-10 13:37
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Incorrect parsing of IPv6 host literals in net/url
Summary
url.Parse insufficiently validated the host/authority component and accepted some invalid URLs.
Severity ?
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-1286 - Improper Validation of Syntactic Correctness of Input
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | net/url |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.8
(semver)
Affected: 1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.1 (semver) |
Credits
Masaki Hara (https://github.com/qnighy) of Wantedly
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CVE-2026-1225 (GCVE-0-2026-1225)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 09:24 – Updated: 2026-01-22 14:14
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Malicious logback.xml configuration file allows instantiation of arbitrary classes
Summary
ACE vulnerability in configuration file processing by QOS.CH logback-core up to and including version 1.5.24 in Java applications, allows an attacker to instantiate classes already present on the class path by compromising an existing logback configuration file.
The instantiation of a potentially malicious Java class requires that said class is present on the user's class-path. In addition, the attacker must have write access to a
configuration file. However, after successful instantiation, the instance is very likely to be discarded with no further ado.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| QOS.CH Sarl | Logback-core |
Affected:
0.9.20 , ≤ 1.5.24
(maven)
Unaffected: 1.5.25 |
Credits
https://www.code-intelligence.com/
Google Fuzz
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CVE-2026-27142 (GCVE-0-2026-27142)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 21:28 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:21
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
URLs in meta content attribute actions are not escaped in html/template
Summary
Actions which insert URLs into the content attribute of HTML meta tags are not escaped. This can allow XSS if the meta tag also has an http-equiv attribute with the value "refresh". A new GODEBUG setting has been added, htmlmetacontenturlescape, which can be used to disable escaping URLs in actions in the meta content attribute which follow "url=" by setting htmlmetacontenturlescape=0.
Severity ?
6.1 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | html/template |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.8
(semver)
Affected: 1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.1 (semver) |
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CVE-2025-68121 (GCVE-0-2025-68121)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-05 17:48 – Updated: 2026-02-20 16:05
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Unexpected session resumption in crypto/tls
Summary
During session resumption in crypto/tls, if the underlying Config has its ClientCAs or RootCAs fields mutated between the initial handshake and the resumed handshake, the resumed handshake may succeed when it should have failed. This may happen when a user calls Config.Clone and mutates the returned Config, or uses Config.GetConfigForClient. This can cause a client to resume a session with a server that it would not have resumed with during the initial handshake, or cause a server to resume a session with a client that it would not have resumed with during the initial handshake.
Severity ?
7.4 (High)
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/tls |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.13
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0-0 , < 1.25.7 (semver) Affected: 1.26.0-rc.1 , < 1.26.0-rc.3 (semver) |
Credits
Coia Prant (github.com/rbqvq)
Go Security Team
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CVE-2025-68119 (GCVE-0-2025-68119)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-28 19:30 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Unexpected code execution when invoking toolchain in cmd/go
Summary
Downloading and building modules with malicious version strings can cause local code execution. On systems with Mercurial (hg) installed, downloading modules from non-standard sources (e.g., custom domains) can cause unexpected code execution due to how external VCS commands are constructed. This issue can also be triggered by providing a malicious version string to the toolchain. On systems with Git installed, downloading and building modules with malicious version strings can allow an attacker to write to arbitrary files on the filesystem. This can only be triggered by explicitly providing the malicious version strings to the toolchain and does not affect usage of @latest or bare module paths.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go toolchain | cmd/go |
Affected:
1.25.0 , < 1.25.6
(semver)
|
Credits
splitline (@splitline) from DEVCORE Research Team
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CVE-2025-61729 (GCVE-0-2025-61729)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-02 18:54 – Updated: 2025-12-03 19:37
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Excessive resource consumption when printing error string for host certificate validation in crypto/x509
Summary
Within HostnameError.Error(), when constructing an error string, there is no limit to the number of hosts that will be printed out. Furthermore, the error string is constructed by repeated string concatenation, leading to quadratic runtime. Therefore, a certificate provided by a malicious actor can result in excessive resource consumption.
Severity ?
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/x509 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.11
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.5 (semver) |
Credits
Philippe Antoine (Catena cyber)
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CVE-2025-61728 (GCVE-0-2025-61728)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-28 19:30 – Updated: 2026-01-29 18:30
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Excessive CPU consumption when building archive index in archive/zip
Summary
archive/zip uses a super-linear file name indexing algorithm that is invoked the first time a file in an archive is opened. This can lead to a denial of service when consuming a maliciously constructed ZIP archive.
Severity ?
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | archive/zip |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.12
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.6 (semver) |
Credits
Jakub Ciolek
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CVE-2025-61730 (GCVE-0-2025-61730)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-28 19:30 – Updated: 2026-02-02 17:28
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Handshake messages may be processed at the incorrect encryption level in crypto/tls
Summary
During the TLS 1.3 handshake if multiple messages are sent in records that span encryption level boundaries (for instance the Client Hello and Encrypted Extensions messages), the subsequent messages may be processed before the encryption level changes. This can cause some minor information disclosure if a network-local attacker can inject messages during the handshake.
Severity ?
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-940 - Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/tls |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.12
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.6 (semver) |
Credits
Coia Prant (github.com/rbqvq)
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CVE-2025-67721 (GCVE-0-2025-67721)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-12 22:11 – Updated: 2025-12-15 15:04
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Aircompressor's Snappy and LZ4 Java-based decompressor implementation can leak information from reused output buffer
Summary
Aircompressor is a library with ports of the Snappy, LZO, LZ4, and Zstandard compression algorithms to Java. In versions 3.3 and below, incorrect handling of malformed data in Java-based decompressor implementations for Snappy and LZ4 allow remote attackers to read previous buffer contents via crafted compressed input. With certain crafted compressed inputs, elements from the output buffer can end up in the uncompressed output, potentially leaking sensitive data. This is relevant for applications that reuse the same output buffer to uncompress multiple inputs. This can be the case of a web server that allocates a fix-sized buffer for performance purposes. There is similar vulnerability in GHSA-cmp6-m4wj-q63q. This issue is fixed in version 3.4.
Severity ?
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| airlift | aircompressor |
Affected:
< 3.4
|
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CVE-2026-27139 (GCVE-0-2026-27139)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-06 21:28 – Updated: 2026-03-09 14:53
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
FileInfo can escape from a Root in os
Summary
On Unix platforms, when listing the contents of a directory using File.ReadDir or File.Readdir the returned FileInfo could reference a file outside of the Root in which the File was opened. The impact of this escape is limited to reading metadata provided by lstat from arbitrary locations on the filesystem without permitting reading or writing files outside the root.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-363 - Race Condition Enabling Link Following
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | os |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.8
(semver)
Affected: 1.26.0-0 , < 1.26.1 (semver) |
Credits
Miloslav Trmač of Red Hat
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CVE-2025-61726 (GCVE-0-2025-61726)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-28 19:30 – Updated: 2026-01-29 18:31
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Memory exhaustion in query parameter parsing in net/url
Summary
The net/url package does not set a limit on the number of query parameters in a query. While the maximum size of query parameters in URLs is generally limited by the maximum request header size, the net/http.Request.ParseForm method can parse large URL-encoded forms. Parsing a large form containing many unique query parameters can cause excessive memory consumption.
Severity ?
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | net/url |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.12
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.6 (semver) |
Credits
jub0bs
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CVE-2025-61732 (GCVE-0-2025-61732)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-05 03:42 – Updated: 2026-02-05 14:57
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Potential code smuggling via doc comments in cmd/cgo
Summary
A discrepancy between how Go and C/C++ comments were parsed allowed for code smuggling into the resulting cgo binary.
Severity ?
8.6 (High)
CWE
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go toolchain | cmd/cgo |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.13
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0-0 , < 1.25.7 (semver) |
Credits
RyotaK (https://ryotak.net) of GMO Flatt Security Inc.
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-02-05T14:56:35.952364Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-05T14:57:44.851Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://pkg.go.dev",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "cmd/cgo",
"product": "cmd/cgo",
"vendor": "Go toolchain",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.24.13",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "1.25.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.25.0-0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RyotaK (https://ryotak.net) of GMO Flatt Security Inc."
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A discrepancy between how Go and C/C++ comments were parsed allowed for code smuggling into the resulting cgo binary."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"description": "CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-05T03:42:26.392Z",
"orgId": "1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc",
"shortName": "Go"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://go.dev/cl/734220"
},
{
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/76697"
},
{
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/K09ubi9FQFk"
},
{
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4433"
}
],
"title": "Potential code smuggling via doc comments in cmd/cgo"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc",
"assignerShortName": "Go",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-61732",
"datePublished": "2026-02-05T03:42:26.392Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-09-30T15:05:03.606Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-05T14:57:44.851Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-61727 (GCVE-0-2025-61727)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-03 19:37 – Updated: 2025-12-03 22:06
VLAI?
EPSS
Title
Improper application of excluded DNS name constraints when verifying wildcard names in crypto/x509
Summary
An excluded subdomain constraint in a certificate chain does not restrict the usage of wildcard SANs in the leaf certificate. For example a constraint that excludes the subdomain test.example.com does not prevent a leaf certificate from claiming the SAN *.example.com.
Severity ?
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go standard library | crypto/x509 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.24.11
(semver)
Affected: 1.25.0 , < 1.25.5 (semver) |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-61727",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-12-03T22:06:13.958433Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-03T22:06:17.007Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://pkg.go.dev",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "crypto/x509",
"product": "crypto/x509",
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "Certificate.Verify"
}
],
"vendor": "Go standard library",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.24.11",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "1.25.5",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.25.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An excluded subdomain constraint in a certificate chain does not restrict the usage of wildcard SANs in the leaf certificate. For example a constraint that excludes the subdomain test.example.com does not prevent a leaf certificate from claiming the SAN *.example.com."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"description": "CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation",
"lang": "en"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-03T19:37:15.054Z",
"orgId": "1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc",
"shortName": "Go"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://go.dev/cl/723900"
},
{
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/76442"
},
{
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/8FJoBkPddm4"
},
{
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4175"
}
],
"title": "Improper application of excluded DNS name constraints when verifying wildcard names in crypto/x509"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1bb62c36-49e3-4200-9d77-64a1400537cc",
"assignerShortName": "Go",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-61727",
"datePublished": "2025-12-03T19:37:15.054Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-09-30T15:05:03.605Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-12-03T22:06:17.007Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
GHSA-72HV-8253-57QQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-28 02:01 – Updated: 2026-03-27 14:26
VLAI?
Summary
jackson-core: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser Leads to Potential DoS Condition
Details
Summary
The non-blocking (async) JSON parser in jackson-core bypasses the maxNumberLength constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in StreamReadConstraints. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).
The standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.
Details
The root cause is that the async parsing path in NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.
- The number parsing methods (e.g.,
_finishNumberIntegralPart) accumulate digits into theTextBufferwithout any length checks. - After parsing, they call
_valueComplete(), which finalizes the token but does not callresetInt()orresetFloat(). - The
resetInt()/resetFloat()methods inParserBaseare where thevalidateIntegerLength()andvalidateFPLength()checks are performed. - Because this validation step is skipped, the
maxNumberLengthconstraint is never enforced in the async code path.
PoC
The following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.
package tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import tools.jackson.core.*;
import tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;
import tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;
import tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
/**
* POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers
*
* Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos
*
* maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).
* A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.
*
* BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where
* validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls
* _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.
*
* CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
*/
class AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;
private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;
private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
// CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength
@Test
void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
// Output to console
System.out.println("[SYNC] Parsing " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number (limit: " + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + ")");
try {
try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Accepted number with " + p.getText().length() + " digits — UNEXPECTED");
}
}
}
fail("Sync parser must reject a " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
// VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects
@Test
void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =
(NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());
p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);
p.endOfInput();
boolean foundNumber = false;
try {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
foundNumber = true;
String numberText = p.getText();
assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),
"Async parser silently accepted all " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits");
}
}
// Output to console
System.out.println("[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits — BUG CONFIRMED");
assertTrue(foundNumber, "Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
fail("Bug is fixed — async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: " + e.getMessage());
}
p.close();
}
private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);
sb.append("{\"v\":");
for (int i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) {
sb.append((char) ('1' + (i % 9)));
}
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
}
Impact
A malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:
1. Memory Exhaustion: Unbounded allocation of memory in the TextBuffer to store the number's digits, leading to an OutOfMemoryError.
2. CPU Exhaustion: If the application subsequently calls getBigIntegerValue() or getDecimalValue(), the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) BigInteger parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.
Suggested Remediation
The async parsing path should be updated to respect the maxNumberLength constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that _valueComplete() or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (resetInt() or resetFloat()) already present in ParserBase, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.
NOTE: This research was performed in collaboration with rohan-repos
Severity ?
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.18.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.18.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.21.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.21.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.18.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.18.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe non-blocking (async) JSON parser in `jackson-core` bypasses the `maxNumberLength` constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in `StreamReadConstraints`. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).\n\nThe standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.\n\n### Details\nThe root cause is that the async parsing path in `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase` (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.\n\n- The number parsing methods (e.g., `_finishNumberIntegralPart`) accumulate digits into the `TextBuffer` without any length checks.\n- After parsing, they call `_valueComplete()`, which finalizes the token but does **not** call `resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`.\n- The `resetInt()`/`resetFloat()` methods in `ParserBase` are where the `validateIntegerLength()` and `validateFPLength()` checks are performed.\n- Because this validation step is skipped, the `maxNumberLength` constraint is never enforced in the async code path.\n\n### PoC\nThe following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.\n\n```java\npackage tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;\n\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n\nimport tools.jackson.core.*;\nimport tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;\n\nimport static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;\n\n/**\n * POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers\n *\n * Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos\n * \n * maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).\n * A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.\n *\n * BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where\n * validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls\n * _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.\n *\n * CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\n */\nclass AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {\n\n private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;\n private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;\n\n private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();\n\n // CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength\n @Test\n void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\t\t\n\t\t// Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Parsing \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number (limit: \" + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + \")\");\n try {\n try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Accepted number with \" + p.getText().length() + \" digits \u2014 UNEXPECTED\");\n }\n }\n }\n fail(\"Sync parser must reject a \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n // VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects\n @Test\n void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\n NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =\n (NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());\n p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);\n p.endOfInput();\n\n boolean foundNumber = false;\n try {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n foundNumber = true;\n String numberText = p.getText();\n assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),\n \"Async parser silently accepted all \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits\");\n }\n }\n // Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits \u2014 BUG CONFIRMED\");\n assertTrue(foundNumber, \"Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n fail(\"Bug is fixed \u2014 async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n p.close();\n }\n\n private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {\n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);\n sb.append(\"{\\\"v\\\":\");\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c numDigits; i++) {\n sb.append((char) (\u00271\u0027 + (i % 9)));\n }\n sb.append(\u0027}\u0027);\n return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n }\n}\n\n```\n\n\n### Impact\nA malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:\n1. **Memory Exhaustion:** Unbounded allocation of memory in the `TextBuffer` to store the number\u0027s digits, leading to an `OutOfMemoryError`.\n2. **CPU Exhaustion:** If the application subsequently calls `getBigIntegerValue()` or `getDecimalValue()`, the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) `BigInteger` parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.\n\n### Suggested Remediation\n\nThe async parsing path should be updated to respect the `maxNumberLength` constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that `_valueComplete()` or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (`resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`) already present in `ParserBase`, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.\n\n**NOTE:** This research was performed in collaboration with [rohan-repos](https://github.com/rohan-repos)",
"id": "GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq",
"modified": "2026-03-27T14:26:32Z",
"published": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/security/advisories/GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/pull/1555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/commit/b0c428e6f993e1b5ece5c1c3cb2523e887cd52cf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "jackson-core: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser Leads to Potential DoS Condition"
}
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Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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