{
  "containers": {
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.95",
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.38",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
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        }
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                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
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                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
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              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\n9p: avoid putting oldfid in p9_client_walk() error path\n\nWhen p9_client_walk() is called with clone set to false, fid aliases\noldfid. If the walk subsequently fails after the request has been sent,\nthe error path jumps to clunk_fid, which currently calls p9_fid_put(fid)\nunconditionally.\n\nThis drops a reference to oldfid even though ownership of oldfid remains\nwith the caller. If this is the last reference, oldfid can be clunked and\ndestroyed while the caller still expects it to be valid. A later use or\nput of oldfid can then trigger a use-after-free or refcount underflow.\n\nFix this by only putting fid in the clunk_fid error path when it does not\nalias oldfid, matching the existing guard in the error path below.\n\nThis can be triggered when a multi-component walk is split into multiple\np9_client_walk() calls and a later non-cloning walk fails. A reproducer\nand refcount warning logs are available on request."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 10,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The kernel 9p client processes TWALK responses from a remote 9p server over TCP/RDMA transports, and a malicious or compromised server can return a partial RWALK (nwqids \u003c nwname) or malformed reply to hit the clunk_fid error path during a multi-segment walk.\nAC:L - An attacker who controls the 9p server can reliably craft deep directory layouts and RWALK failure responses; the reproducer path (split multi-component walk with a failing non-cloning segment) does not depend on race timing or memory layout.\nPR:N - Exploitation only requires access to an already-mounted 9p filesystem and normal file operations (lookup/stat/open) that trigger v9fs_fid_lookup(); no elevated kernel capabilities or real-root privileges are needed beyond filesystem access permissions.\nUI:N - No interactive victim action is required beyond routine file access on a pre-mounted 9p filesystem (common with virtio-9p in QEMU/KVM/Firecracker VMs where the mount is established at boot).\nS:C - A malicious remote 9p server operates outside the kernel client\u0027s security boundary, and successful exploitation corrupts kernel heap memory (struct p9_fid use-after-free), impacting the kernel beyond the 9p client\u0027s own scope.\nC:H - Premature p9_fid_put() can destroy oldfid while callers still hold dangling references, producing a heap use-after-free on struct p9_fid that is exploitable for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The use-after-free and refcount underflow on struct p9_fid provide heap corruption primitives that can be leveraged for arbitrary kernel writes and local privilege escalation.\nA:H - The bug can cause immediate kernel oops/panic from use-after-free or refcount underflow when the prematurely freed fid is subsequently accessed or put again."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T04:51:00.086Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99c379ca1e221c3d75c7c804ebbf4e5ee37a3070"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b84f46179c806450b89821221ea5bd9a1698aba8"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a61bdcba4f64c2f90d01461913f429ab151f1ca6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6dbe9443d9f5f7fb6d319a7b77108853ae6c6bea"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7656d368265d085ac9bb85ab31b0cdb72ad8c38"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1a3860d46e3eb47dbd60339783cdad7904486b9f"
        }
      ],
      "title": "9p: avoid putting oldfid in p9_client_walk() error path",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-63795",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-19T12:02:04.069Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T07:54:57.012Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T04:51:00.086Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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          ],
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          "vendor": "Linux",
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          "programFiles": [
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          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.16"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.16",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.260",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.211",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "status": "unaffected",
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              "versionType": "semver"
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              "status": "unaffected",
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.95",
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            },
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.38",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1.3",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.211",
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                },
                {
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.177",
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                },
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nocfs2: reject oversized group bitmap descriptors\n\nocfs2_validate_gd_parent() only bounds bg_bits against the parent\nallocator\u0027s chain geometry.  A malicious descriptor can still claim a\nbg_size/bg_bits pair that exceeds the bitmap bytes that physically fit in\nthe group descriptor block, so later bitmap scans and bit updates can run\npast bg_bitmap.\n\nAdd a physical-cap check based on ocfs2_group_bitmap_size() for the parent\nallocator type and reject descriptors whose bg_size or bg_bits exceed that\ncapacity.  Keep the existing chain geometry check so both the on-disk\nbitmap layout and the allocator metadata must agree before the descriptor\nis used.\n\nValidation reproduced this kernel report:\nKASAN use-after-free in _find_next_bit+0x7f/0xc0\nRead of size 8\nCall trace:\n  dump_stack_lvl+0x66/0xa0 (?:?)\n  print_report+0xd0/0x630 (?:?)\n  _find_next_bit+0x7f/0xc0 (?:?)\n  srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 (?:?)\n  __virt_addr_valid+0x188/0x2f0 (?:?)\n  kasan_report+0xe4/0x120 (?:?)\n  ocfs2_find_max_contig_free_bits+0x35/0x70 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:1375)\n  ocfs2_block_group_set_bits+0x472/0x4b0 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:1457)\n  ocfs2_cluster_group_search+0x16b/0x440 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:86)\n  ocfs2_bg_discontig_fix_result+0x1ef/0x230 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:1786)\n  ocfs2_search_chain+0x8f8/0x10a0 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:1886)\n  get_page_from_freelist+0x70e/0x2370 (?:?)\n  lock_release+0xc6/0x290 (?:?)\n  do_raw_spin_unlock+0x9a/0x100 (?:?)\n  kasan_unpoison+0x27/0x60 (?:?)\n  __bfs+0x147/0x240 (?:?)\n  get_page_from_freelist+0x83d/0x2370 (?:?)\n  ocfs2_claim_suballoc_bits+0x38c/0xe70 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:96)\n  sched_domains_numa_masks_clear+0x70/0xd0 (?:?)\n  check_irq_usage+0xe8/0xb70 (?:?)\n  __ocfs2_claim_clusters+0x18d/0x4c0 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:2497)\n  check_path+0x24/0x50 (?:?)\n  rcu_is_watching+0x20/0x50 (?:?)\n  check_prev_add+0xfd/0xd00 (?:?)\n  ocfs2_add_clusters_in_btree+0x17d/0x810 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:?)\n  __folio_batch_add_and_move+0x1f5/0x3d0 (?:?)\n  ocfs2_add_inode_data+0xd9/0x120 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:?)\n  filemap_add_folio+0x105/0x1f0 (?:?)\n  ocfs2_write_begin_nolock+0x29f7/0x2f80 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:3043)\n  ocfs2_read_inode_block+0xb5/0x110 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:?)\n  down_write+0xf5/0x180 (?:?)\n  ocfs2_write_begin+0x180/0x240 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:?)\n  __mark_inode_dirty+0x758/0x9a0 (?:?)\n  inode_to_bdi+0x41/0x90 (?:?)\n  balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_flags+0xf8/0x1d0 (?:?)\n  generic_perform_write+0x252/0x440 (?:?)\n  mnt_put_write_access_file+0x16/0x70 (?:?)\n  file_update_time_flags+0xe4/0x200 (?:?)\n  ocfs2_file_write_iter+0x80a/0x1320 (fs/ocfs2/suballoc.c:?)\n  lock_acquire+0x184/0x2f0 (?:?)\n  ksys_write+0xd2/0x170 (?:?)\n  apparmor_file_permission+0xf5/0x310 (?:?)\n  read_zero+0x8d/0x140 (?:?)\n  lock_is_held_type+0x8f/0x100 (?:?)"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - OCFS2 registers `ocfs2_export_ops` and is commonly deployed on shared cluster storage exported via NFS; a remote NFS client write reaches `ocfs2_file_write_iter` \u2192 cluster allocation \u2192 the vulnerable bitmap scan without local shell access on the server.\nAC:L - Once a crafted group descriptor with oversized `bg_size`/`bg_bits` is on disk, a single file write reliably drives `ocfs2_find_max_contig_free_bits()` past `bg_bitmap`; the fix commit reproduced this deterministically under KASAN with no race or layout-dependent conditions.\nPR:L - Exploitation requires only write access to a file on the mounted OCFS2 volume (local unprivileged user) or equivalent NFS write credentials; mounting requires `CAP_SYS_ADMIN` but metadata planting on shared SAN/iSCSI LUNs is separate from the trigger privilege.\nUI:N - In the highest-impact scenario\u2014malicious group-descriptor metadata pre-placed on shared cluster storage already mounted in production\u2014the attacker triggers the bug with their own write and no additional victim action (mount, open, or click) is required at exploit time.\nS:U - The bug corrupts kernel heap memory during in-kernel filesystem allocation on the same host/NFS server; impact stays within the kernel\u2019s security authority and does not inherently cross VM, container, or IOMMU boundaries.\nC:H - Oversized `bg_bits` causes `_find_next_bit()` to read past the physical `bg_bitmap` region; the fix commit documents a KASAN use-after-free/out-of-bounds read, which is an arbitrary kernel memory read primitive under attacker-influenced scan bounds.\nI:H - The same inflated `bg_bits` drives `ocfs2_set_bit()` during `ocfs2_block_group_set_bits()`, enabling out-of-bounds writes in the group-descriptor buffer page that can be leveraged for heap corruption and control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The reproduced KASAN fault in `_find_next_bit()` during cluster allocation on write demonstrates kernel memory corruption that causes oops/panic-level availability loss on affected nodes."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T04:51:01.192Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/336340a0f8a141df8a4eb21a5a86f8ffb87769f6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/296c6a42b1174395935ca4cfe8f393e37b698d54"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2cd59fa848f9f13796ef214d3b1b5ca9a3fe21e"
        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c5a125eadba05ba421c4b55e68da22b4a40d32b4"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f9903b0cdbb3155a8899410330b4b4d583a7a5c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4cd57ebee395041099fcdfcabb00749ce38d8b27"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99c21e7263248c3f084756bfae08163cc5d6c62f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9bd541e09dffff27e5bec0f9f45b0228173a5375"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntipc: fix slab-use-after-free Read in tipc_aead_decrypt_done\n\ntipc_aead_decrypt() goes straight from tipc_bearer_hold(b) to\ncrypto_aead_decrypt(req) without taking a reference on the netns, unlike\nthe encrypt path. When crypto_aead_decrypt() is offloaded asynchronously\n(e.g. the SIMD aead wrapper queuing to cryptd), the cryptd worker runs\ntipc_aead_decrypt_done() later. If the bearer\u0027s netns is torn down in the\nmeantime, cleanup_net() -\u003e tipc_exit_net() -\u003e tipc_crypto_stop() frees the\nper-netns tipc_crypto, and the completion then reads it:\ntipc_aead_decrypt_done() dereferences aead-\u003ecrypto-\u003estats and\naead-\u003ecrypto-\u003enet, and tipc_crypto_rcv_complete() dereferences\naead-\u003ecrypto-\u003eaead[] and the node table -- reading freed memory.\n\nDecoded KASAN splat (v7.1-rc7, CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE + TIPC + TIPC_CRYPTO):\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in tipc_aead_decrypt_done (net/tipc/crypto.c:999)\n  Read of size 8 at addr ffff8881056258a8 by task kworker/u16:2/51\n  Workqueue: events_unbound\n  Call Trace:\n   tipc_aead_decrypt_done (net/tipc/crypto.c:999)\n   process_one_work (kernel/workqueue.c:3314)\n   worker_thread (kernel/workqueue.c:3397 kernel/workqueue.c:3478)\n   kthread (kernel/kthread.c:436)\n   ret_from_fork (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158)\n   ret_from_fork_asm (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245)\n\n  Allocated by task 169:\n   __kasan_kmalloc (mm/kasan/common.c:398 mm/kasan/common.c:415)\n   tipc_crypto_start (net/tipc/crypto.c:1502)\n   tipc_init_net (net/tipc/core.c:72)\n   ops_init (net/core/net_namespace.c:137)\n   setup_net (net/core/net_namespace.c:446)\n   copy_net_ns (net/core/net_namespace.c:579)\n   create_new_namespaces (kernel/nsproxy.c:132)\n   __x64_sys_unshare (kernel/fork.c:3316)\n   do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63)\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:121)\n\n  Freed by task 8:\n   kfree (mm/slub.c:6566)\n   tipc_exit_net (net/tipc/core.c:119)\n   cleanup_net (net/core/net_namespace.c:704)\n   process_one_work (kernel/workqueue.c:3314)\n   kthread (kernel/kthread.c:436)\n\nThis is the same class of bug that commit e279024617134 (\"net/tipc: fix\nslab-use-after-free Read in tipc_aead_encrypt_done\") fixed for the encrypt\nside. The encrypt path takes maybe_get_net(aead-\u003ecrypto-\u003enet) before\ncrypto_aead_encrypt() and drops it with put_net() on the synchronous\nreturn paths and in tipc_aead_encrypt_done(); the -EINPROGRESS/-EBUSY\nreturn keeps the reference for the async callback to release. The decrypt\npath was left without the equivalent guard.\n\nMirror the encrypt-side fix on the decrypt path: take a net reference\nbefore crypto_aead_decrypt() (failing with -ENODEV and the matching\nbearer put if it cannot be acquired), keep it across the\n-EINPROGRESS/-EBUSY async return, and drop it with put_net() on the\nsynchronous success/error return and at the end of\ntipc_aead_decrypt_done().\n\nReproduced under KASAN on v7.1-rc7: a UDP bearer with a cluster key is\nflooded with crafted encrypted frames from an unknown peer (driving the\ncluster-key decrypt path) while the bearer\u0027s netns is repeatedly torn\ndown. The completion must run asynchronously to outlive\ntipc_crypto_stop(); on x86 the stock aesni gcm(aes) now decrypts\nsynchronously, so the async path was exercised via cryptd offload. The\nunguarded aead-\u003ecrypto dereference in tipc_aead_decrypt_done() is the\nunpatched upstream path; tipc_aead_decrypt() still lacks\nmaybe_get_net(aead-\u003ecrypto-\u003enet), so the completion can outlive the free\non any config where crypto_aead_decrypt() goes async.\n\nFound by 0sec automated security-research tooling (https://0sec.ai)."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code is reached from the TIPC packet receive path (UDP bearer on port 6118 or L2 bearer) when encrypted frames arrive from a remote peer; no local syscall is required to enter tipc_aead_decrypt().\nAC:L - The attacker can reliably win the race by flooding packets to queue async decrypt completions while repeatedly destroying the network namespace; the repro demonstrates full control of both sides of the timing window.\nPR:L - Reliable exploitation is demonstrated via unshare-created user/network namespaces where the attacker gains CAP_NET_ADMIN-equivalent control to configure TIPC crypto and cycle namespace teardown, which per kernel CNA guidance maps to Low rather than High.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only sending network packets and namespace lifecycle manipulation; no victim user action such as opening a file or mounting a filesystem is needed.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; this is a standard kernel UAF/privilege-escalation class bug, not a VM escape or cross-authority boundary bypass.\nC:H - The UAF reads freed slab memory including aead-\u003ecrypto-\u003estats, aead-\u003ecrypto-\u003enet, and aead[] pointers in tipc_crypto_rcv_complete, enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure via controlled reuse of the freed tipc_crypto object.\nI:H - Use-after-free of tipc_crypto structures can be leveraged for heap spraying and arbitrary write primitives, and tipc_crypto_rcv_complete continues processing with freed pointers including key attachment and node table operations.\nA:H - KASAN confirmed slab-use-after-free in tipc_aead_decrypt_done on a workqueue thread; UAF on this path causes kernel oops/panic even when not fully exploited for code execution."
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T04:51:06.693Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bda3348872a2ef0d19f2df6aa8cb5025adce2f20"
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      ],
      "title": "tipc: fix slab-use-after-free Read in tipc_aead_decrypt_done",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-63801",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-19T12:02:07.457Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T07:54:57.013Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T04:51:06.693Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nhdlc_ppp: sync per-proto timers before freeing hdlc state\n\nEach PPP control protocol (LCP/IPCP/IPV6CP) embedded in struct ppp\nregisters a timer via timer_setup(). That struct ppp is the\nhdlc-\u003estate allocation, which detach_hdlc_protocol() frees with kfree()\nin both teardown paths: unregister_hdlc_device() and the re-attach inside\nattach_hdlc_protocol().\n\nThe ppp proto never registered a .detach callback, so\ndetach_hdlc_protocol() performs no timer synchronization before the\nkfree(). The only cancel, timer_delete(\u0026proto-\u003etimer) in ppp_cp_event(),\nis partial (it does not wait for a running callback) and only runs on the\n-\u003eCLOSED transition; ppp_stop()/ppp_close() do not sync either. A\nppp_timer callback already executing (blocked on ppp-\u003elock) survives the\nkfree and then dereferences proto-\u003estate / ppp-\u003elock in freed memory,\nleading to a use-after-free.\n\nFix this by adding a .detach helper that calls timer_shutdown_sync() on\nevery per-proto timer. detach_hdlc_protocol() invokes proto-\u003edetach(dev)\nbefore kfree(hdlc-\u003estate), so timer_shutdown_sync()\nnow runs on both free paths.\ntimer_shutdown_sync() is used instead of timer_delete_sync() because the\nkeepalive path re-arms the timer through add_timer()/mod_timer() and\nshutdown blocks any re-activation during teardown.\n\nInitialize the per-protocol timers in ppp_ioctl() when the protocol is\nattached, and remove the now-redundant timer_setup() from ppp_start(), so\nthat the timers are initialized exactly once at attach time and\nppp_timer_release() never operates on uninitialized timer_list\nstructures. attach_hdlc_protocol() uses kmalloc() (not kzalloc), so\nstruct ppp\u0027s protos[i].timer is uninitialized garbage until the first\ntimer_setup(); without this init-at-attach, attaching the PPP protocol\nwithout ever bringing the device up would leave timer_shutdown_sync()\noperating on uninitialized memory in .detach. Moving the init out of\nppp_start() (which only runs on NETDEV_UP) into the attach path makes the\ninitialization unconditional and avoids initializing the same timer_list\ntwice.\n\nThis bug was found by static analysis."
        }
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              "value": "AV:L - The UAF occurs in detach_hdlc_protocol() during protocol teardown via SIOCWANDEV ioctl or driver unregister, not during packet receive. Remote PPP peers can influence timers but cannot reach the kfree() path without local CAP_NET_ADMIN configuration actions.\nAC:L - An attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN can reliably trigger the bug by bringing a PPP HDLC interface up (arming timers via ppp_start/LCP), then tearing down or re-attaching the protocol while timers are pending or a ppp_timer callback is blocked on ppp-\u003elock, controlling both sides of the race.\nPR:L - Exploitation requires CAP_NET_ADMIN to attach/detach the PPP protocol via SIOCWANDEV (ppp_ioctl checks capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN)), which is reachable by unprivileged users who create user namespaces with CAP_NET_ADMIN per kernel CVSS guidance.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required once the attacker has network administration capability on a system with an HDLC WAN device; exploitation is fully attacker-driven through ioctl and interface up/down operations.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap memory within the same kernel security boundary, enabling local privilege escalation rather than crossing a VM, container, or IOMMU security boundary.\nC:H - Use-after-free of struct ppp and its embedded spinlock_t allows dereferencing attacker-influenced freed heap memory, which can be leveraged for arbitrary kernel memory read via heap grooming and controlled reuse of the freed slab object.\nI:H - The UAF on struct ppp and ppp-\u003elock provides a standard kernel heap corruption primitive that can be developed into arbitrary write and local privilege escalation through control of reallocated object contents and spinlock corruption.\nA:H - The freed-memory dereference in ppp_timer() causes kernel oops or panic during protocol teardown, and repeated triggering during interface reconfiguration can cause sustained denial of service on WAN router systems."
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Ensure hugepage is in by slot before checking max mapping level\n\nWhen recovering hugepages in the shadow MMU, verify that the base gfn of\nthe shadow page is actually contained within the target memslot, *before*\nquerying the max mapping level given the shadow page\u0027s gfn.  Failure to\npre-check the validity of the gfn can lead to an out-of-bounds access to\nthe slot\u0027s lpage_info (which typically manifests as a host #PF because the\nlpage_info is vmalloc\u0027d) if the guest creates a hugepage mapping (in its\nPTEs) that extends \"below\" the bounds of a memslot.\n\nWhen faulting in memory for a guest, and the size of the guest mapping is\ngreater than KVM\u0027s (current) max mapping, then KVM will create a \"direct\"\nshadow page (direct in that there are no gPTEs to shadow, and so the target\ngfn is a direct calculation given the base gfn of the shadow page).  The\nhugepage recovery flow looks for such direct shadow pages, as forcing 4KiB\nmappings when dirty logging generates the guest \u003e host mapping size case.\nWhen the 4KiB restriction is lifted, then KVM can replace the shadow page\nwith a hugepage.\n\nBut if KVM originally used a smaller mapping than the guest because the\nrange of memory covered by the guest hugepage exceeds the bounds of a\nmemslot, then KVM will link a direct shadow page with a gfn that is outside\nthe bounds of the memslot being used to fault in memory.  The rmap entry\nadded for the leaf mapping is correct and within bounds, but the gfn of the\nleaf SPTE\u0027s parent shadow page will be out of bounds.\n\n  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffc90000806ffc\n  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\n  PGD 100000067 P4D 100000067 PUD 1002a7067 PMD 10612f067 PTE 0\n  Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP\n  CPU: 13 UID: 1000 PID: 757 Comm: mmu_stress_test Not tainted 7.1.0-rc1-48ce1e26eace-x86_pir_to_irr_comments-vm #341 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:kvm_mmu_max_mapping_level+0x79/0x2b0 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   \u003cTASK\u003e\n   kvm_mmu_recover_huge_pages+0x21b/0x320 [kvm]\n   kvm_set_memslot+0x1ee/0x590 [kvm]\n   kvm_set_memory_region.part.0+0x3a1/0x4d0 [kvm]\n   kvm_vm_ioctl+0x9bf/0x15d0 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb7/0xbb0\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n  RIP: 0033:0x7f21c0f1a9bf\n   \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nDon\u0027t bother pre-checking the bounds of the potential hugepage, i.e. don\u0027t\ncheck that e.g. sp-\u003egfn + KVM_PAGES_PER_HPAGE(sp-\u003erole.level + 1) is also\nwithin the memslot, as the checks performed by kvm_mmu_max_mapping_level()\nare a superset of the basic bounds checks.  I.e. pre-checking the full\nrange would be a dubious micro-optimization."
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          "cvssV3_1": {
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached only through the KVM VM file descriptor ioctl path (KVM_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION), which requires local syscall access to /dev/kvm rather than any network-facing protocol.\nAC:L - An attacker with KVM access can deterministically set up the required state (partial hugepage memslot, dirty logging enabled then disabled, guest hugepage mapping extending below slot bounds) and trigger the bug without depending on conditions outside their control.\nPR:L - Exploitation requires only local access to /dev/kvm and control of a VM (e.g., membership in the kvm group), as demonstrated by the reproducer running as UID 1000; it does not require host root in the init namespace.\nUI:N - No victim user interaction is required beyond the attacker issuing the KVM ioctl to disable dirty logging on a memslot they control.\nS:C - The vulnerable KVM x86 MMU code runs in the host kernel and a VM operator can corrupt or crash host kernel memory from their guest/VM management context, crossing the guest-to-host virtualization security boundary.\nC:H - The bug is an out-of-bounds kernel read of memslot lpage_info metadata via an invalid gfn index in kvm_mmu_max_mapping_level(), which per kernel guidance qualifies as high confidentiality impact even though it typically manifests as a page fault.\nI:H - Out-of-bounds access to kernel heap metadata in the KVM MMU subsystem can potentially be steered for memory corruption and control-flow influence; similar KVM shadow MMU memory safety bugs are scored at high integrity impact.\nA:H - The vulnerability reliably causes a host kernel oops/page fault (supervisor read to non-present vmalloc address) when triggered, constituting high availability impact via host kernel crash."
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        }
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                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.8",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: validate ACL entry sizes in f2fs_acl_from_disk()\n\nf2fs_acl_count() only validates the aggregate ACL xattr length. A\nmalformed ACL can still place ACL_USER or ACL_GROUP in a slot that only\ncontains struct f2fs_acl_entry_short bytes, and f2fs_acl_from_disk()\nthen reads entry-\u003ee_id before verifying that a full entry fits.\n\nRequire a short entry before reading e_tag and e_perm, and require a\nfull entry before reading e_id for ACL_USER and ACL_GROUP. Return\n-EFSCORRUPTED from these new truncated-entry checks, while keeping the\npre-existing -EINVAL paths unchanged.\n\nValidation reproduced this kernel report:\nKASAN slab-out-of-bounds in __f2fs_get_acl+0x6fb/0x7e0\nRIP: 0033:0x7f4b835ea7aa\nThe buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888114589960 which belongs\nto the cache kmalloc-8 of size 8\nThe buggy address is located 0 bytes to the right of allocated 8-byte\nregion [ffff888114589960, ffff888114589968)\nRead of size 4\nCall trace:\n  dump_stack_lvl+0x66/0xa0 (?:?)\n  print_report+0xce/0x630 (?:?)\n  __f2fs_get_acl+0x6fb/0x7e0 (fs/f2fs/acl.c:169)\n  srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 (?:?)\n  __virt_addr_valid+0x224/0x430 (?:?)\n  kasan_report+0xe0/0x110 (?:?)\n  __f2fs_get_acl+0x5/0x7e0 (fs/f2fs/acl.c:169)\n  __get_acl+0x281/0x380 (?:?)\n  vfs_get_acl+0x10b/0x190 (?:?)\n  do_get_acl+0x2a/0x410 (?:?)\n  do_get_acl+0x9/0x410 (?:?)\n  do_getxattr+0xe8/0x260 (?:?)\n  filename_getxattr+0xd1/0x140 (?:?)\n  do_getname+0x2d/0x2d0 (?:?)\n  path_getxattrat+0x16c/0x200 (?:?)\n  lock_release+0xc8/0x290 (?:?)\n  cgroup_update_frozen+0x9d/0x320 (?:?)\n  lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare+0xea/0x1a0 (?:?)\n  trace_hardirqs_on+0x1a/0x170 (?:?)\n  _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x28/0x50 (?:?)\n  do_syscall_64+0x115/0x6a0 (arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:87)\n  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f (?:?)"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached through local kernel entry points\u2014`getxattr`/`listxattr` syscalls (`path_getxattrat` \u2192 `do_getxattr` \u2192 `do_get_acl` \u2192 `vfs_get_acl` \u2192 `__get_acl` \u2192 `f2fs_get_acl` \u2192 `f2fs_acl_from_disk`), routine VFS permission checks (`check_acl` \u2192 `get_inode_acl`), and f2fs inode creation (`f2fs_init_acl` \u2192 `__f2fs_get_acl`). f2fs is overwhelmingly deployed as a local block filesystem (Android userdata, embedded flash); although nfsd/ksmbd also call `get_inode_acl`, that is a secondary path.\nAC:L - Once a malformed on-disk ACL xattr exists, triggering is deterministic\u2014the attacker fully controls the crafted ACL blob layout that passes `f2fs_acl_count()` but places `ACL_USER`/`ACL_GROUP` in a short-entry slot, causing a reliable 4-byte read past the allocated buffer. No races or victim-specific timing are required.\nPR:L - Normal `setxattr`/`setfacl` paths validate through `posix_acl_from_xattr` and write via `f2fs_acl_to_disk`, so planting the malformed on-disk format requires offline image crafting plus `CAP_SYS_ADMIN` (obtainable in an unprivileged user namespace) to loop-mount the image, or real root for raw block-device writes. Triggering only needs read access to the affected inode; `vfs_get_acl` performs no xattr permission check beyond LSM hooks.\nUI:N - In the highest-impact self-contained attack, the attacker crafts a malicious f2fs image and mounts it inside their own user namespace\u2014no victim interaction is required. A USB-delivery variant would need the victim to mount media, but that is not necessary for exploitation.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds read corrupts/leaks kernel heap memory within the same kernel security domain. This is a standard local kernel memory-safety flaw, not a cross-boundary escape (VM, container, or IOMMU).\nC:H - The vulnerability is a slab out-of-bounds read (`entry-\u003ee_id`, 4 bytes) past the kmalloc\u0027d ACL xattr buffer when a truncated `ACL_USER`/`ACL_GROUP` entry is parsed. This reads adjacent kernel heap objects and can disclose kernel pointers or other sensitive kernel data, satisfying the guidance for out-of-bounds kernel reads.\nI:H - Although the immediate fault is a read past bounds rather than a write, this is kernel heap memory corruption class behavior; adjacent-slab reads are routinely chained into further kernel exploitation (heap grooming, control of subsequent allocations) for arbitrary write and code execution. Per the scoring guidance to treat memory corruption bugs as enabling integrity compromise when uncertain, I:H is appropriate.\nA:H - The KASAN report confirms a slab-out-of-bounds access in `__f2fs_get_acl` during a syscall. The same path is hit on every permission-checked file access (`open`, `stat`, `exec`) and directory inode creation, so a malicious ACL on a widely accessed file can repeatedly fault the kernel or destabilize the system under memory hardening."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T04:51:21.283Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/733cd8474e6d763d75ed96f3f2b98a25480cf2b9"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e2a96ec7236e248e706850568e0a925fd21b588"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/442ca20c54038e2400cf28aaa944cf1de2c8e65d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1ddf3fd21c4c652f9cab5552515c04a166662306"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aba4f94ac1832c7299c33e1b4fe5f87eef6dc8f1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff83de56882cb8466184d322abece2589258ca56"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d8a39649947a4e86c8fbc682d7fc0041b8d109a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4810ada31e80cbe4011467c4f3b1e93f94134f3"
        }
      ],
      "title": "f2fs: validate ACL entry sizes in f2fs_acl_from_disk()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-63814",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-19T12:02:14.771Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T07:54:57.014Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T04:51:21.283Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}