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CERTFR-2024-AVI-0824
Vulnerability from certfr_avis - Published: 2024-09-30 - Updated: 2024-09-30
De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Foxit PDF Editor. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire, une élévation de privilèges et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.
Solutions
Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation).
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Editor | PDF Editor versions antérieures à 12.1.8 pour Windows |
References
| Title | Publication Time | Tags | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
{
"$ref": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/openapi.json",
"affected_systems": [
{
"description": "PDF Editor versions ant\u00e9rieures \u00e0 12.1.8 pour Windows",
"product": {
"name": "PDF Editor",
"vendor": {
"name": "Foxit",
"scada": false
}
}
}
],
"affected_systems_content": "",
"content": "## Solutions\n\nSe r\u00e9f\u00e9rer au bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u0027\u00e9diteur pour l\u0027obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation).",
"cves": [
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9256",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9256"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9248",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9248"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-7722",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-7722"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9253",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9253"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9252",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9252"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9249",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9249"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-7725",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-7725"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-7724",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-7724"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-41605",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-41605"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9250",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9250"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9247",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9247"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9246",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9246"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9251",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9251"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9254",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9254"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9255",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9255"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9245",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9245"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9243",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9243"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-28888",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28888"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-7723",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-7723"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-38393",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-38393"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2024-9244",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9244"
}
],
"initial_release_date": "2024-09-30T00:00:00",
"last_revision_date": "2024-09-30T00:00:00",
"links": [],
"reference": "CERTFR-2024-AVI-0824",
"revisions": [
{
"description": "Version initiale",
"revision_date": "2024-09-30T00:00:00.000000"
}
],
"risks": [
{
"description": "Atteinte \u00e0 l\u0027int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es"
},
{
"description": "Ex\u00e9cution de code arbitraire"
},
{
"description": "D\u00e9ni de service"
},
{
"description": "Contournement de la politique de s\u00e9curit\u00e9"
},
{
"description": "Atteinte \u00e0 la confidentialit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es"
},
{
"description": "\u00c9l\u00e9vation de privil\u00e8ges"
}
],
"summary": "De multiples vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvertes dans Foxit PDF Editor. Certaines d\u0027entre elles permettent \u00e0 un attaquant de provoquer une ex\u00e9cution de code arbitraire, une \u00e9l\u00e9vation de privil\u00e8ges et une atteinte \u00e0 la confidentialit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es.",
"title": "Multiples vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s dans Foxit PDF Editor",
"vendor_advisories": [
{
"published_at": "2024-12-17",
"title": "Bulletin de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Foxit",
"url": "https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
}
]
}
CVE-2024-9246 (GCVE-0-2024-9246)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:17 – Updated: 2024-11-25 18:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24135.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.0.25138
|
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:36
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CVE-2024-9247 (GCVE-0-2024-9247)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:16 – Updated: 2024-11-26 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write before the start of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24173.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.0.25138
|
|
| foxit | pdf_reader |
Affected:
0 , < 2024.2.3.25184
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:foxit:pdf_reader:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:37
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CVE-2024-9248 (GCVE-0-2024-9248)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:19 – Updated: 2024-11-26 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24300.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.2.25170
|
|
| foxit | pdf_reader |
Affected:
0 , < 2024.2.3.25184
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:foxit:pdf_reader:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:37
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CVE-2024-9249 (GCVE-0-2024-9249)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:16 – Updated: 2024-11-26 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24301.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.2.25170
|
|
| foxit | pdf_reader |
Affected:
0 , < 2024.2.3.25184
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:foxit:pdf_reader:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:37
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CVE-2024-9250 (GCVE-0-2024-9250)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:19 – Updated: 2024-11-26 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of AcroForms. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24489.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.2.25170
|
|
| foxit | pdf_reader |
Affected:
0 , < 2024.2.3.25184
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:foxit:pdf_reader:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:37
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CVE-2024-9251 (GCVE-0-2024-9251)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:19 – Updated: 2024-11-25 18:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24490.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.2.25170
|
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:37
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CVE-2024-9252 (GCVE-0-2024-9252)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:19 – Updated: 2024-11-25 18:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of AcroForms. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24491.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.2.25170
|
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:37
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CVE-2024-9253 (GCVE-0-2024-9253)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:19 – Updated: 2024-11-25 18:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of AcroForms. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24492.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.2.25170
|
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:37
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CVE-2024-9254 (GCVE-0-2024-9254)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:19 – Updated: 2024-11-26 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25173.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.3.25184
|
|
| foxit | pdf_reader |
Affected:
0 , < 2024.2.3.25184
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:foxit:pdf_reader:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:37
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CVE-2024-9255 (GCVE-0-2024-9255)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 21:19 – Updated: 2024-11-26 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25174.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-25 18:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
| https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit | PDF Reader |
Affected:
2024.2.3.25184
|
|
| foxit | pdf_reader |
Affected:
0 , < 2024.2.3.25184
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:foxit:pdf_reader:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2024-09-26 21:38
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Loading…
Trend slope:
-
(linear fit over daily sighting counts)
Show additional events:
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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