CVE-2026-73541 (GCVE-0-2026-73541)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 17:20 – Updated: 2026-08-19 18:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tempo fee sponsorship in mpp bounds each transaction but not aggregate exposure, allowing concurrent sponsor-wallet drain
Summary
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to drain the fee-payer wallet through concurrent sponsored payments, denying service to legitimate payers once it is empty.
MPP.Methods.Tempo.FeePayerPolicy enforces its ceilings (max_gas, max_fee_per_gas, max_priority_fee_per_gas, the worst-case gas_limit * max_fee_per_gas <= max_total_fee budget cap, and a validity window) against one transaction at a time, and nothing accounts for exposure across concurrent requests. reserve_hash_atomic/2 is keyed on the transaction hash, so it prevents duplicate broadcast of the same signed transaction but not N distinct sponsored transactions carrying distinct expiring nonces. Committed sponsor exposure is therefore N times max_total_fee, bounded by nothing in the library, and the default 900 second validity window lets co-signed transactions stay broadcastable and uncounted for that entire period.
This issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.12.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 18:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/security/advisorie… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-73541.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-73541 | related |
| https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/commit/ddc46868fba… | patch |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-02 00:00
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"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T18:46:46.063Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo.FeePayerPolicy\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo\u0027"
],
"packageName": "mpp",
"packageURL": "pkg:hex/mpp",
"product": "mpp",
"programFiles": [
"lib/mpp/methods/tempo/fee_payer_policy.ex",
"lib/mpp/methods/tempo.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo.FeePayerPolicy\u0027:validate/3"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo\u0027:verify/2"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp",
"vendor": "ZenHive",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "0.12.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.2.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo.FeePayerPolicy\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo\u0027"
],
"packageName": "zenhive/mpp",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/zenhive/mpp",
"product": "mpp",
"programFiles": [
"lib/mpp/methods/tempo/fee_payer_policy.ex",
"lib/mpp/methods/tempo.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo.FeePayerPolicy\u0027:validate/3"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.MPP.Methods.Tempo\u0027:verify/2"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp",
"vendor": "ZenHive",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "ddc46868fba57ccebb567c04709812b466123076",
"status": "affected",
"version": "d29d54e507918db00a5b65d90136b73166c017d7",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eOnly deployments that enable Tempo server-side fee sponsorship are affected, through \u003ccode\u003e\"fee_payer\" =\u0026gt; true\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003emethod_config\u003c/code\u003e with either local co-signing (\u003ccode\u003efee_payer_private_key\u003c/code\u003e) or hosted sponsorship (\u003ccode\u003efee_payer_url\u003c/code\u003e). Sponsorship is disabled by default.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Only deployments that enable Tempo server-side fee sponsorship are affected, through `\"fee_payer\" =\u003e true` in `method_config` with either local co-signing (`fee_payer_private_key`) or hosted sponsorship (`fee_payer_url`). Sponsorship is disabled by default."
}
],
"value": "Only deployments that enable Tempo server-side fee sponsorship are affected, through \"fee_payer\" =\u003e true in method_config with either local co-signing (fee_payer_private_key) or hosted sponsorship (fee_payer_url). Sponsorship is disabled by default."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:ZenHive:mpp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "0.12.0",
"versionStartIncluding": "0.2.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "E.FU"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "E.FU"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "analyst",
"value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to drain the fee-payer wallet through concurrent sponsored payments, denying service to legitimate payers once it is empty.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eMPP.Methods.Tempo.FeePayerPolicy\u003c/code\u003e enforces its ceilings (\u003ccode\u003emax_gas\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003emax_fee_per_gas\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003emax_priority_fee_per_gas\u003c/code\u003e, the worst-case \u003ccode\u003egas_limit * max_fee_per_gas \u0026lt;= max_total_fee\u003c/code\u003e budget cap, and a validity window) against one transaction at a time, and nothing accounts for exposure across concurrent requests. \u003ccode\u003ereserve_hash_atomic/2\u003c/code\u003e is keyed on the transaction hash, so it prevents duplicate broadcast of the same signed transaction but not N distinct sponsored transactions carrying distinct expiring nonces. Committed sponsor exposure is therefore N times \u003ccode\u003emax_total_fee\u003c/code\u003e, bounded by nothing in the library, and the default 900 second validity window lets co-signed transactions stay broadcastable and uncounted for that entire period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.12.0.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to drain the fee-payer wallet through concurrent sponsored payments, denying service to legitimate payers once it is empty.\n\n`MPP.Methods.Tempo.FeePayerPolicy` enforces its ceilings (`max_gas`, `max_fee_per_gas`, `max_priority_fee_per_gas`, the worst-case `gas_limit * max_fee_per_gas \u003c= max_total_fee` budget cap, and a validity window) against one transaction at a time, and nothing accounts for exposure across concurrent requests. `reserve_hash_atomic/2` is keyed on the transaction hash, so it prevents duplicate broadcast of the same signed transaction but not N distinct sponsored transactions carrying distinct expiring nonces. Committed sponsor exposure is therefore N times `max_total_fee`, bounded by nothing in the library, and the default 900 second validity window lets co-signed transactions stay broadcastable and uncounted for that entire period.\n\nThis issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.12.0."
}
],
"value": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to drain the fee-payer wallet through concurrent sponsored payments, denying service to legitimate payers once it is empty.\n\nMPP.Methods.Tempo.FeePayerPolicy enforces its ceilings (max_gas, max_fee_per_gas, max_priority_fee_per_gas, the worst-case gas_limit * max_fee_per_gas \u003c= max_total_fee budget cap, and a validity window) against one transaction at a time, and nothing accounts for exposure across concurrent requests. reserve_hash_atomic/2 is keyed on the transaction hash, so it prevents duplicate broadcast of the same signed transaction but not N distinct sponsored transactions carrying distinct expiring nonces. Committed sponsor exposure is therefore N times max_total_fee, bounded by nothing in the library, and the default 900 second validity window lets co-signed transactions stay broadcastable and uncounted for that entire period.\n\nThis issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.12.0."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-130",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-770",
"description": "CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T17:20:00.286Z",
"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"shortName": "EEF"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/security/advisories/GHSA-j4j7-7xpr-c7cr"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-73541.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-73541"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/commit/ddc46868fba57ccebb567c04709812b466123076"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Tempo fee sponsorship in mpp bounds each transaction but not aggregate exposure, allowing concurrent sponsor-wallet drain",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eDisable Tempo fee sponsorship by setting \u003ccode\u003e\"fee_payer\" =\u0026gt; false\u003c/code\u003e (the default), so the client pays its own gas and the sponsor wallet is never committed. Where sponsorship must stay enabled, lowering \u003ccode\u003emax_total_fee\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003emax_validity_window_seconds\u003c/code\u003e reduces the exposure each concurrent request can commit and how long it stays outstanding, without bounding the aggregate.\u003c/p\u003e"
},
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "Disable Tempo fee sponsorship by setting `\"fee_payer\" =\u003e false` (the default), so the client pays its own gas and the sponsor wallet is never committed. Where sponsorship must stay enabled, lowering `max_total_fee` and `max_validity_window_seconds` reduces the exposure each concurrent request can commit and how long it stays outstanding, without bounding the aggregate."
}
],
"value": "Disable Tempo fee sponsorship by setting \"fee_payer\" =\u003e false (the default), so the client pays its own gas and the sponsor wallet is never committed. Where sponsorship must stay enabled, lowering max_total_fee and max_validity_window_seconds reduces the exposure each concurrent request can commit and how long it stays outstanding, without bounding the aggregate."
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-73541",
"datePublished": "2026-08-19T17:20:00.286Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-18T10:00:02.140Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T18:47:04.542Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.