CVE-2025-54415 (GCVE-0-2025-54415)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-26 03:33 – Updated: 2025-07-28 14:44
VLAI?
Title
dag-factory's CI/CD Workflow Allows for Repository Takeover and Secret Exfiltration
Summary
dag-factory is a library for Apache Airflow® to construct DAGs declaratively via configuration files. In versions 0.23.0a8 and below, a high-severity vulnerability has been identified in the cicd.yml workflow within the astronomer/dag-factory GitHub repository. The workflow, specifically when triggered by pull_request_target, is susceptible to exploitation, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the GitHub Actions runner environment. This misconfiguration enables an attacker to establish a reverse shell, exfiltrate sensitive secrets, including the highly-privileged GITHUB_TOKEN, and ultimately gain full control over the repository. This is fixed in version 0.23.0a9.
Severity ?
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:U
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
astronomer dag-factory Affected: < 0.23.0a9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-54415",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-07-28T14:44:32.467322Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-07-28T14:44:53.312Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "dag-factory",
          "vendor": "astronomer",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 0.23.0a9"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "dag-factory is a library for Apache Airflow\u00ae to construct DAGs declaratively via configuration files. In versions 0.23.0a8 and below, a high-severity vulnerability has been identified in the cicd.yml workflow within the astronomer/dag-factory GitHub repository. The workflow, specifically when triggered by pull_request_target, is susceptible to exploitation, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the GitHub Actions runner environment. This misconfiguration enables an attacker to establish a reverse shell, exfiltrate sensitive secrets, including the highly-privileged GITHUB_TOKEN, and ultimately gain full control over the repository. This is fixed in version 0.23.0a9."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:U",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-78",
              "description": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-07-26T03:33:39.933Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/security/advisories/GHSA-g5hx-xv45-9whg",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/security/advisories/GHSA-g5hx-xv45-9whg"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/460",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/460"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/466",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/466"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/commit/751c0e58369e784f6a924347e381a705ea8133fe",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/commit/751c0e58369e784f6a924347e381a705ea8133fe"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-g5hx-xv45-9whg",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "dag-factory\u0027s CI/CD Workflow Allows for Repository Takeover and Secret Exfiltration"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-54415",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-26T03:33:39.933Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-07-21T23:18:10.280Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-07-28T14:44:53.312Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-54415",
      "date": "2026-04-27",
      "epss": "0.00226",
      "percentile": "0.45226"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-54415\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2025-07-26T04:16:08.240\",\"lastModified\":\"2025-07-29T14:14:55.157\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Awaiting Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"dag-factory is a library for Apache Airflow\u00ae to construct DAGs declaratively via configuration files. In versions 0.23.0a8 and below, a high-severity vulnerability has been identified in the cicd.yml workflow within the astronomer/dag-factory GitHub repository. The workflow, specifically when triggered by pull_request_target, is susceptible to exploitation, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the GitHub Actions runner environment. This misconfiguration enables an attacker to establish a reverse shell, exfiltrate sensitive secrets, including the highly-privileged GITHUB_TOKEN, and ultimately gain full control over the repository. This is fixed in version 0.23.0a9.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"dag-factory es una librer\u00eda para Apache Airflow\u00ae que permite construir DAGs declarativamente mediante archivos de configuraci\u00f3n. En las versiones 0.23.0a8 y anteriores, se identific\u00f3 una vulnerabilidad de alta gravedad en el flujo de trabajo cicd.yml del repositorio de GitHub astronomer/dag-factory. Este flujo de trabajo, especialmente cuando se activa mediante pull_request_target, es susceptible de explotaci\u00f3n, lo que permite a un atacante ejecutar c\u00f3digo arbitrario en el entorno de ejecuci\u00f3n de GitHub Actions. Esta configuraci\u00f3n incorrecta permite a un atacante establecer un shell inverso, extraer informaci\u00f3n confidencial, incluido el token GITHUB_TOKEN con privilegios elevados, y finalmente obtener el control total del repositorio. Esto se ha corregido en la versi\u00f3n 0.23.0a9.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":9.1,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"UNREPORTED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-78\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/commit/751c0e58369e784f6a924347e381a705ea8133fe\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/460\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/466\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/security/advisories/GHSA-g5hx-xv45-9whg\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\"}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-54415\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"poc\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-07-28T14:44:32.467322Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-28T14:44:36.910Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"dag-factory\u0027s CI/CD Workflow Allows for Repository Takeover and Secret Exfiltration\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-g5hx-xv45-9whg\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV4_0\": {\"version\": \"4.0\", \"baseScore\": 9.1, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"CRITICAL\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:U\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackRequirements\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"astronomer\", \"product\": \"dag-factory\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003c 0.23.0a9\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/security/advisories/GHSA-g5hx-xv45-9whg\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/security/advisories/GHSA-g5hx-xv45-9whg\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/460\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/460\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/466\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/466\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/commit/751c0e58369e784f6a924347e381a705ea8133fe\", \"name\": \"https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/commit/751c0e58369e784f6a924347e381a705ea8133fe\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"dag-factory is a library for Apache Airflow\\u00ae to construct DAGs declaratively via configuration files. In versions 0.23.0a8 and below, a high-severity vulnerability has been identified in the cicd.yml workflow within the astronomer/dag-factory GitHub repository. The workflow, specifically when triggered by pull_request_target, is susceptible to exploitation, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the GitHub Actions runner environment. This misconfiguration enables an attacker to establish a reverse shell, exfiltrate sensitive secrets, including the highly-privileged GITHUB_TOKEN, and ultimately gain full control over the repository. This is fixed in version 0.23.0a9.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-78\", \"description\": \"CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-26T03:33:39.933Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-54415\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-28T14:44:53.312Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-07-21T23:18:10.280Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-07-26T03:33:39.933Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.