CVE-2025-41251 (GCVE-0-2025-41251)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-29 18:45 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:47
VLAI
Title
Weak password recovery vulnerability
Summary
VMware NSX contains a weak password recovery mechanism vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor may exploit this to enumerate valid usernames, potentially enabling brute-force attacks. Impact: Username enumeration → credential brute force risk. Attack Vector: Remote, unauthenticated. Severity: Important. CVSSv3: 8.1 (High). Acknowledgments: Reported by the National Security Agency. Affected Products:VMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x NSX-T 3.x VMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) 5.x, 4.5.x Fixed Versions: NSX 9.0.1.0; 4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 http://4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 ; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287). Workarounds: None.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 03:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-640 - Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password
Assigner
vmware CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 228 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
vmware NSX Affected: VMware NSX - 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x (custom)
Affected: VMware NSX-T - 3.x (custom)
Affected: VMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) - 5.x, 4.5.x (custom)
Unaffected: VMware NSX 9.0.1.0; 4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287) (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-09-29 18:26
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-41251",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-09-30T03:55:13.799400Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T17:47:50.851Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "NSX",
          "vendor": "vmware",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "VMware NSX - 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "VMware NSX-T - 3.x",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "VMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) - 5.x, 4.5.x",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "VMware NSX 9.0.1.0; 4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287)",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2025-09-29T18:26:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "VMware NSX contains a weak password recovery mechanism vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor may exploit this to enumerate valid usernames, potentially enabling brute-force attacks.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;Username enumeration \u2192 credential brute force risk.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAttack Vector:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;Remote, unauthenticated.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSeverity:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;Important.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCVSSv3:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;8.1 (High).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;Reported by the National Security Agency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAffected Products:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cp\u003eVMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x\u003c/p\u003eNSX-T 3.x\u003cbr\u003eVMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) 5.x, 4.5.x\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFixed Versions:\u003c/b\u003e NSX 9.0.1.0; \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1\"\u003e4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1\u003c/a\u003e; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorkarounds:\u003c/b\u003e None.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "VMware NSX contains a weak password recovery mechanism vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor may exploit this to enumerate valid usernames, potentially enabling brute-force attacks.\n\nImpact:\u00a0Username enumeration \u2192 credential brute force risk.\nAttack Vector:\u00a0Remote, unauthenticated.\nSeverity:\u00a0Important.\nCVSSv3:\u00a08.1 (High).\n\nAcknowledgments:\u00a0Reported by the National Security Agency.\n\nAffected Products:VMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x\n\nNSX-T 3.x\nVMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) 5.x, 4.5.x\n\nFixed Versions: NSX 9.0.1.0;  4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 http://4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 ; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287).\nWorkarounds: None."
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-50",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-50 Password Recovery Exploitation"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-640",
              "description": "CWE-640 Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-09-29T18:45:16.614Z",
        "orgId": "dcf2e128-44bd-42ed-91e8-88f912c1401d",
        "shortName": "vmware"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/36150"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Weak password recovery vulnerability",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "dcf2e128-44bd-42ed-91e8-88f912c1401d",
    "assignerShortName": "vmware",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-41251",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-29T18:45:16.614Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T09:30:25.625Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T17:47:50.851Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-41251",
      "date": "2026-10-28",
      "epss": "0.00798",
      "percentile": "0.56403"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "NSX",
                "vendor": "vmware",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "VMware NSX - 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "VMware NSX-T - 3.x",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "VMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) - 5.x, 4.5.x",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  },
                  {
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "VMware NSX 9.0.1.0; 4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287)",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security@vmware.com"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "VMware NSX contains a weak password recovery mechanism vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor may exploit this to enumerate valid usernames, potentially enabling brute-force attacks.\n\nImpact:\u00a0Username enumeration \u2192 credential brute force risk.\nAttack Vector:\u00a0Remote, unauthenticated.\nSeverity:\u00a0Important.\nCVSSv3:\u00a08.1 (High).\n\nAcknowledgments:\u00a0Reported by the National Security Agency.\n\nAffected Products:VMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x\n\nNSX-T 3.x\nVMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) 5.x, 4.5.x\n\nFixed Versions: NSX 9.0.1.0;  4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 http://4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 ; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287).\nWorkarounds: None."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "VMware NSX contiene una vulnerabilidad en el mecanismo de recuperaci\u00f3n de contrase\u00f1a d\u00e9bil. Un actor malicioso no autenticado puede explotar esto para enumerar nombres de usuario v\u00e1lidos, lo que podr\u00eda permitir ataques de fuerza bruta.\n\nImpacto: Enumeraci\u00f3n de nombres de usuario ? riesgo de fuerza bruta de credenciales.\nVector de ataque: Remoto, no autenticado.\nSeveridad: Importante.\nCVSSv3: 8.1 (Alta).\n\nAgradecimientos: Informado por la Agencia de Seguridad Nacional.\n\nProductos afectados: VMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x\n\nNSX-T 3.x\nVMware Cloud Foundation (con NSX) 5.x, 4.5.x\n\nVersiones corregidas: NSX 9.0.1.0; 4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 http://4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 ; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; parche as\u00edncrono de CCF (KB88287).\nSoluciones alternativas: Ninguna."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-41251",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-09T09:10:00.213",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.1,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "security@vmware.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-41251",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-09-30T03:55:13.799400Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-09-29T19:15:35.157",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security@vmware.com",
            "url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/36150"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security@vmware.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-640"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security@vmware.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-03-27T08:40:39+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-41251",
      "id": "CVE-2025-41251",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-29T18:26:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "Weak password recovery vulnerability",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-41251.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-41251",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-09-29T18:57:21.875008Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-09-29T18:57:27.004Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "NSX",
              "vendor": "vmware",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "VMware NSX - 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "VMware NSX-T - 3.x",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "VMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) - 5.x, 4.5.x",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                },
                {
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "VMware NSX 9.0.1.0; 4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287)",
                  "versionType": "custom"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "datePublic": "2025-09-29T18:26:00.000Z",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "VMware NSX contains a weak password recovery mechanism vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor may exploit this to enumerate valid usernames, potentially enabling brute-force attacks.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eImpact:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;Username enumeration \u2192 credential brute force risk.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAttack Vector:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;Remote, unauthenticated.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSeverity:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;Important.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCVSSv3:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;8.1 (High).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments:\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;Reported by the National Security Agency.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAffected Products:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cp\u003eVMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x\u003c/p\u003eNSX-T 3.x\u003cbr\u003eVMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) 5.x, 4.5.x\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFixed Versions:\u003c/b\u003e NSX 9.0.1.0; \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1\"\u003e4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1\u003c/a\u003e; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorkarounds:\u003c/b\u003e None.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
                }
              ],
              "value": "VMware NSX contains a weak password recovery mechanism vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor may exploit this to enumerate valid usernames, potentially enabling brute-force attacks.\n\nImpact:\u00a0Username enumeration \u2192 credential brute force risk.\nAttack Vector:\u00a0Remote, unauthenticated.\nSeverity:\u00a0Important.\nCVSSv3:\u00a08.1 (High).\n\nAcknowledgments:\u00a0Reported by the National Security Agency.\n\nAffected Products:VMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x\n\nNSX-T 3.x\nVMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) 5.x, 4.5.x\n\nFixed Versions: NSX 9.0.1.0;  4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 http://4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 ; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287).\nWorkarounds: None."
            }
          ],
          "impacts": [
            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-50",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CAPEC-50 Password Recovery Exploitation"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.1,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-640",
                  "description": "CWE-640 Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-09-29T18:45:16.614Z",
            "orgId": "dcf2e128-44bd-42ed-91e8-88f912c1401d",
            "shortName": "vmware"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/36150"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "Weak password recovery vulnerability",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "dcf2e128-44bd-42ed-91e8-88f912c1401d",
        "assignerShortName": "vmware",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-41251",
        "datePublished": "2025-09-29T18:45:16.614Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T09:30:25.625Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-09-30T03:55:13.262Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.