Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-94

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

9639 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-21537 (GCVE-0-2026-21537)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 17:51 – Updated: 2026-08-19 16:26
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint Linux Extension Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper control of generation of code ('code injection') in Microsoft Defender for Linux allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over an adjacent network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-11 04:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
microsoft CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3954 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft Defender for Endpoint for Linux Affected: 101.0.0 , < 1.0.9.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:defender_for_endpoint:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-02-10 16:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-21256 (GCVE-0-2026-21256)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 17:51 – Updated: 2026-08-19 16:26
VLAI
Title
GitHub Copilot and Visual Studio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in GitHub Copilot and Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-11 04:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
microsoft CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3954 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-02-10 16:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-20892 (GCVE-0-2026-20892)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 05:25 – Updated: 2026-03-11 15:39
VLAI
Summary
Code injection vulnerability exists in MR-GM5L-S1 and MR-GM5A-L1, which may allow an attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary commands.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-11 15:37 UTC
CWE
Assigner
jpcert CNA under the jpcert root
CNA scorecard C 64/100 over 174 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Micro Research Ltd. MR-GM5L-S1 Affected: firmware versions prior to v2.01.04N1_02
Create a notification for this product.
Micro Research Ltd. MR-GM5A-L1 Affected: firmware versions prior to v2.01.04N1_02
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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GCVE-1-2026-20269 (CVE-2026-100174)

Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-09-25 13:21 – Updated: 2026-09-25 13:54
VLAI
Title
Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in AIL Framework Tag Selector via Unescaped Tag Names
Summary
The AIL Framework tag selector component (var/www/static/js/tags.js) is vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting (XSS). A user with the ability to create a custom tag could embed an HTML payload containing JavaScript event handlers (e.g., <img src=x onerror=alert(1)> or <svg onload=...>) in the tag name. When another authenticated user opened a page containing the tag selector, the malicious tag name was inserted into the DOM using jQuery's html property, causing the embedded script to execute in the victim's browser context. The vulnerable code paths affected both the suggestion/combo-item rendering (_renderComboItems) and the selected-tag rendering logic. In both cases, the display value derived from the tag's displayField was passed directly to the html property of a jQuery element constructor, which parses and inserts the string as raw HTML rather than as text. Preconditions: the attacker must have an authenticated account with permission to create custom tags, and the victim must be an authenticated user who views a page that renders the tag selector with the attacker's stored tag. The attack is stored (persistent) and does not require the victim to perform any action beyond loading the page. Security impact: successful exploitation allows arbitrary JavaScript execution in the victim's browser within the application's origin, potentially leading to session hijacking, unauthorized data access, form manipulation, or further client-side attacks.
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
CIRCL GNA GNA-1
GNA scorecard A 90/100 over 252 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ail project ail framework Affected: 0 , < 7.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Human-reviewed GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-09-25 13:16
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/ail-project/ail-framework/commit/b2d0ed05f6cf79b2312a3f1f923d0d1a5d7a9edb.patch 2d147dabcc9b…
Confidence
medium
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
b2d0ed05f6cf chg: [security] prevent stored XSS in 2d147dabcc9b…
Fix summary

The fix ensures that tag names and display values are rendered as plain text rather than as HTML when no custom renderer is explicitly configured. In the suggestion rendering path, the default (non-renderer) case now uses jQuery's .text() method, which HTML-escapes the content. In the selection rendering path, the default case uses document.createTextNode() to insert the value as a text node. Custom renderers, which are developer-supplied and trusted to produce safe HTML, continue to use .html() or .prepend() with raw HTML. The eval() call was also replaced with JSON.parse() to eliminate a code-injection vector.

Patch summary

In var/www/static/js/tags.js: (1) Replaced eval(data) with JSON.parse(data) for parsing array-like data strings. (2) In _renderComboItems, introduced a hasRenderer flag; when no custom renderer is set, the displayed value is inserted via resultItemEl.text(displayed) instead of the html property in the jQuery constructor. (3) In the selection rendering block, introduced a hasSelectionRenderer flag; when no custom selection renderer is set, the value is prepended as a text node via document.createTextNode(selectedItemHtml) instead of being set through the html property. (4) The comma separator for text-mode selections is now appended as a text node rather than concatenated into an HTML string.

CVSS rationale

AV:N: The vulnerability is exploitable over the network via a web application. AC:L: No race conditions or special timing are required; the payload is stored and triggers on page load. AT:N: No manipulation of the attack target is needed; the stored payload executes automatically. PR:L: The attacker needs a low-privilege authenticated account with permission to create custom tags. UI:P: The victim passively interacts by loading a page that contains the tag selector; no active click or download is required. VC:L: The XSS can read data from the victim's session and page context. VI:L: The XSS can modify page content and submit forms. VA:N: No availability impact is evident. SC:L: The compromised session can access other resources within the same origin. SI:L: The attacker can modify data through the victim's authenticated session. SA:N: No availability impact on subsequent components.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-79 The patch explicitly addresses stored XSS: user-controlled tag names were inserted into the DOM as HTML via jQuery's html property without escaping. The fix renders these values as text nodes, which is the canonical remediation for CWE-79. The commit subject line also explicitly states 'prevent stored XSS'.
  • CWE-94 The replacement of eval(data) with JSON.parse(data) addresses a secondary code-injection weakness where a crafted data string could execute arbitrary JavaScript. This is a contributing factor but the primary vulnerability is the stored XSS in tag rendering.
Attack pattern rationale
  • CAPEC-66 CAPEC-66 describes the general XSS attack pattern where attacker-controlled input is reflected or stored and later rendered as executable content in a victim's browser. This patch fixes a stored XSS variant where malicious tag names are persisted and rendered as HTML. The mapping is direct and well-supported by the commit message and code changes. No more specific CAPEC entry for stored XSS in a tag/selector widget exists in the CAPEC catalog, making CAPEC-66 the closest and most appropriate match.
Assumptions to verify
  • The affected version range is inferred from the tag_version_boundary metadata indicating the fix commit is 31 commits before the v7.1 tag; exact version boundaries are not explicitly stated in the patch.
  • The UI:P (Passive) rating assumes the victim only needs to load a page containing the tag selector; if the application requires the victim to explicitly open a specific dialog or widget, UI:A (Active) could be more appropriate.
  • The CAPEC-66 mapping is the closest available pattern; no CAPEC entry specifically covers stored XSS in a tag-selector UI component, so the general XSS pattern is used.
  • The PR:L rating assumes that creating a custom tag requires only a basic authenticated account; if tag creation requires elevated privileges, PR:H would be more appropriate.
  • The eval() to JSON.parse() change is treated as a secondary hardening fix within the same patch set; the primary vulnerability addressed is the stored XSS in tag rendering.
  • No specific reporter or finder is identified in the patch metadata or commit message; only the remediation developer (commit author) is credited.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 4 9 medium 6

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GCVE-1-2026-20176 (CVE-2026-81662)

Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-08-27 10:22 – Updated: 2026-08-27 11:29
VLAI
Title
Flowintel Alert Settings Configuration Allows Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary Configuration Keys
Summary
Affected versions of Flowintel improperly trust configuration keys supplied to the alerts settings update endpoint. While configuration values were normalized to Python literals, the corresponding keys were used directly when constructing and replacing lines in conf/config_module.py. The vulnerable code used requester-controlled keys in both the regular expression and the generated assignment: f'{key} = {py_val}' and appended an assignment if the key was not already present. The modified Python configuration module was subsequently reloaded using importlib.reload(). This creates a code-generation boundary in which specially crafted configuration keys can alter the Python source structure and result in execution of attacker-controlled Python statements. Version impacted >=3.3.0
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
CIRCL GNA GNA-1
GNA scorecard A 90/100 over 252 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
flowintel flowintel Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.3.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.

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GCVE-1-2026-20144 (CVE-2026-81743)

Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-08-27 11:59 – Updated: 2026-08-27 11:59
VLAI
Title
Flowintel Arbitrary Log File Path Allows Remote Code Execution via Template Injection
Summary
Affected versions of Flowintel allow the LOG_FILE configuration value to be modified through system settings without restricting it to a filename inside the intended log directory. Because the application constructs the log destination from this configurable value, an administrator could set LOG_FILE to an arbitrary filesystem path. Since attackers can influence logged content, this enables controlled data to be written into unintended files. The upstream commit specifically describes an exploitation chain in which an attacker injects a template into a chosen file and subsequently abuses application rendering behavior to execute code. The patch removes LOG_FILE from the web-editable settings, introduces validate_log_file_name() to reject absolute paths, traversal, Windows paths, null bytes, and directory components, and centralizes log path construction through resolve_log_file_path(). Version impacted: >=3.3.0
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
CIRCL GNA GNA-1
GNA scorecard A 90/100 over 252 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
flowintel flowintel Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.3.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.

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GCVE-1-2026-20134 (CVE-2026-56446)

Vulnerability from gna-1 – Published: 2026-06-22 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-23 05:57
VLAI
Title
Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary NDJSON Error Log Path in MISP
Summary
MISP allowed a site administrator to configure an arbitrary filesystem path for the NDJSON error log used by JsonLogTool. Because log entries can include attacker-controlled content, an authenticated attacker with site administrator privileges could direct log output to a PHP file in a web-accessible directory and inject PHP code through logged data. Accessing the resulting file could lead to remote code execution with the privileges of the web server process. The fix restricts log destinations to existing directories beneath APP/tmp/logs or /var/log, requires absolute paths, rejects stream wrappers and traversal-related input, and limits filenames to .log or .ndjson extensions while disallowing executable extension segments.
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
CIRCL GNA GNA-1
GNA scorecard A 90/100 over 252 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
misp misp Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.5.41 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.

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CVE-2026-20045 (GCVE-0-2026-20045)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-21 16:26 – Updated: 2026-02-26 14:44
VLAI
Title
Cisco Unified Communications Products Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM), Cisco Unified Communications Manager Session Management Edition (Unified CM SME), Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM & Presence Service (Unified CM IM&P), Cisco Unity Connection, and Cisco Webex Calling Dedicated Instance could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device.  This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input in HTTP requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a sequence of crafted HTTP requests to the web-based management interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to obtain user-level access to the underlying operating system and then elevate privileges to root.  Note: Cisco has assigned this security advisory a Security Impact Rating (SIR) of Critical rather than High as the score indicates. The reason is that exploitation of this vulnerability could result in an attacker elevating privileges to root.
SSVC
Exploitation: active Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-22 04:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
cisco CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 66/100 over 442 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Cisco Cisco Unified Communications Manager Affected: 12.5(1)SU2
Affected: 12.5(1)SU1
Affected: 12.5(1)
Affected: 12.5(1)SU3
Affected: 12.5(1)SU4
Affected: 14
Affected: 12.5(1)SU5
Affected: 14SU1
Affected: 12.5(1)SU6
Affected: 14SU2
Affected: 12.5(1)SU7
Affected: 12.5(1)SU7a
Affected: 14SU3
Affected: 12.5(1)SU8
Affected: 12.5(1)SU8a
Affected: 15
Affected: 15SU1
Affected: 14SU4
Affected: 14SU4a
Affected: 15SU1a
Affected: 12.5(1)SU9
Affected: 15SU2
Affected: 15.0.1.13010-1
Affected: 15.0.1.13011-1
Affected: 15.0.1.13012-1
Affected: 15.0.1.13013-1
Affected: 15.0.1.13014-1
Affected: 15.0.1.13015-1
Affected: 15.0.1.13016-1
Affected: 15.0.1.13017-1
Affected: 15SU3a
Create a notification for this product.
Cisco Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM and Presence Service Affected: 12.5(1)
Affected: 12.5(1)SU1
Affected: 12.5(1)SU2
Affected: 12.5(1)SU3
Affected: 12.5(1)SU4
Affected: 14
Affected: 12.5(1)SU5
Affected: 14SU1
Affected: 12.5(1)SU6
Affected: 14SU2
Affected: 14SU2a
Affected: 12.5(1)SU7
Affected: 14SU3
Affected: 12.5(1)SU8
Affected: 15
Affected: 15SU1
Affected: 14SU4
Affected: 12.5(1)SU9
Affected: 15SU2
Affected: 15SU3
Create a notification for this product.
Cisco Cisco Unity Connection Affected: 12.5(1)
Affected: 12.5(1)SU1
Affected: 12.5(1)SU2
Affected: 12.5(1)SU3
Affected: 12.5(1)SU4
Affected: 14
Affected: 12.5(1)SU5
Affected: 14SU1
Affected: 12.5(1)SU6
Affected: 14SU2
Affected: 12.5(1)SU7
Affected: 14SU3
Affected: 12.5(1)SU8
Affected: 14SU3a
Affected: 12.5(1)SU8a
Affected: 15
Affected: 15SU1
Affected: 14SU4
Affected: 12.5(1)SU9
Affected: 15SU2
Affected: 15SU3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-19998 (GCVE-0-2026-19998)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 07:15 – Updated: 2026-08-18 13:37 X_Freeware
VLAI
Title
code-projects Online Shopping System offersmail.php cross site scripting
Summary
A weakness has been identified in code-projects Online Shopping System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file offersmail.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument email can lead to cross site scripting. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 13:30 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3844 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
code-projects Online Shopping System Affected: 1.0
    cpe:2.3:a:code-projects:online_shopping_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-19995 (GCVE-0-2026-19995)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 06:30 – Updated: 2026-08-17 15:24
VLAI
Title
Webkul Bagisto RMA Message send-message cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in Webkul Bagisto up to 2.4.4. This affects an unknown part of the file /customer/account/rma/send-message of the component RMA Message Handler. This manipulation of the argument Message causes cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor confirms: "The reported issues were already identified through our internal security assessment process prior to this notification and are being handled through our established internal security and development lifecycle. Some of these items have already been addressed, while the remaining items are planned for resolution in upcoming product releases."
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 15:22 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3844 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/391196 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/391196/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-19995 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/870356 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/Mitchell45/PHP_Web_POCs/blob/m… exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Webkul Bagisto Affected: 2.4.0
Affected: 2.4.1
Affected: 2.4.2
Affected: 2.4.3
Affected: 2.4.4
    cpe:2.3:a:webkul:bagisto:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
  • Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation
Implementation

For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].

CAPEC-242: Code Injection

An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.