CWE-862
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Missing
- Behavior-Type: Authorization
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Authorization weaknesses may arise when a single-user application is ported to a multi-user environment.
A developer may introduce authorization weaknesses because of a lack of understanding about the underlying technologies. For example, a developer may assume that attackers cannot modify certain inputs such as headers or cookies.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis is useful for detecting commonly-used idioms for authorization. A tool may be able to analyze related configuration files, such as .htaccess in Apache web servers, or detect the usage of commonly-used authorization libraries.
Generally, automated static analysis tools have difficulty detecting custom authorization schemes. In addition, the software's design may include some functionality that is accessible to any user and does not require an authorization check; an automated technique that detects the absence of authorization may report false positives.
Effectiveness: Limited
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Automated dynamic analysis may find many or all possible interfaces that do not require authorization, but manual analysis is required to determine if the lack of authorization violates business logic.
Manual Analysis
This weakness can be detected using tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session.
Specifically, manual static analysis is useful for evaluating the correctness of custom authorization mechanisms.
Effectiveness: Moderate
These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules. However, manual efforts might not achieve desired code coverage within limited time constraints.
Manual Static Analysis - Binary or Bytecode
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Binary / Bytecode disassembler - then use manual analysis for vulnerabilities & anomalies
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Web Application Scanner
Web Services Scanner
Database Scanners
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Host Application Interface Scanner
Fuzz Tester
Framework-based Fuzzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Manual Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Focused Manual Spotcheck - Focused manual analysis of source
Manual Source Code Review (not inspections)
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Automated Static Analysis - Source Code
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Cost effective for partial coverage:
Source code Weakness Analyzer
Context-configured Source Code Weakness Analyzer
Effectiveness: SOAR Partial
Architecture or Design Review
According to SOAR [REF-1479], the following detection techniques may be useful:
Highly cost effective:
Inspection (IEEE 1028 standard) (can apply to requirements, design, source code, etc.)
Formal Methods / Correct-By-Construction
Effectiveness: High
Notes
Terminology
Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource, based on the user's privileges and any permissions or other access-control specifications that apply to the resource.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Relationships
updated Detection_Factors
updated Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
updated References
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Alternate_Terms, Observed_Examples
updated Observed_Examples, Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Relationships, Terminology_Notes
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Observed_Examples, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms, Dimensions, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
19951 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F778-29C3-G295
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-15 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-15 18:30eNet SMART HOME server 2.2.1 and 2.3.1 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the resetUserPassword JSON-RPC method that allows any authenticated low-privileged user (UG_USER) to reset the password of arbitrary accounts, including those in the UG_ADMIN and UG_SUPER_ADMIN groups, without supplying the current password or having sufficient privileges. By sending a crafted JSON-RPC request to /jsonrpc/management, an attacker can overwrite existing credentials, resulting in direct account takeover with full administrative access and persistent privilege escalation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26368"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-15T16:15:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "eNet SMART HOME server 2.2.1 and 2.3.1 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the resetUserPassword JSON-RPC method that allows any authenticated low-privileged user (UG_USER) to reset the password of arbitrary accounts, including those in the UG_ADMIN and UG_SUPER_ADMIN groups, without supplying the current password or having sufficient privileges. By sending a crafted JSON-RPC request to /jsonrpc/management, an attacker can overwrite existing credentials, resulting in direct account takeover with full administrative access and persistent privilege escalation.",
"id": "GHSA-f778-29c3-g295",
"modified": "2026-02-15T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2026-02-15T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/jung-enet-smart-home-server-account-takeover-via-r"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2026-5974.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F77H-J2V7-G6MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-29 21:17 – Updated: 2026-05-08 01:31Impact
The /chat WebSocket endpoint used by the Chat Trigger node's Hosted Chat feature did not verify that an incoming connection was authorized to interact with the target execution. An unauthenticated remote attacker who could identify a valid execution ID for a workflow in a waiting state could attach to that execution, receive the pending prompt intended for the legitimate user, and submit arbitrary input to resume or influence downstream workflow behavior.
Exploitation requires the following conditions:
- The instance exposes a public Hosted Chat workflow with authentication set to None.
- A target execution is in a waiting state at the time of the attack.
- The attacker can obtain or discover the execution ID of that waiting execution.
Patches
The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 1.123.32, 2.17.4, and 2.18.1. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Enable authentication on all Chat Trigger nodes by setting the Authentication field to n8n User Auth rather than None.
These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
n8n has adopted CVSS 4.0 as primary score for all security advisories. CVSS 3.1 vector strings are provided for backwards compatibility.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.123.32"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.18.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.18.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.17.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42228"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-29T21:17:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-04T19:16:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Impact\nThe `/chat` WebSocket endpoint used by the Chat Trigger node\u0027s Hosted Chat feature did not verify that an incoming connection was authorized to interact with the target execution. An unauthenticated remote attacker who could identify a valid execution ID for a workflow in a waiting state could attach to that execution, receive the pending prompt intended for the legitimate user, and submit arbitrary input to resume or influence downstream workflow behavior.\n\nExploitation requires the following conditions:\n- The instance exposes a public Hosted Chat workflow with authentication set to `None`.\n- A target execution is in a waiting state at the time of the attack.\n- The attacker can obtain or discover the execution ID of that waiting execution.\n\n## Patches\nThe issue has been fixed in n8n versions 1.123.32, 2.17.4, and 2.18.1. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.\n\n## Workarounds\nIf upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:\n- Enable authentication on all Chat Trigger nodes by setting the Authentication field to `n8n User Auth` rather than `None`.\n\nThese workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.\n\n---\nn8n has adopted CVSS 4.0 as primary score for all security advisories. CVSS 3.1 vector strings are provided for backwards compatibility.\n\nCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"id": "GHSA-f77h-j2v7-g6mw",
"modified": "2026-05-08T01:31:09Z",
"published": "2026-04-29T21:17:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-f77h-j2v7-g6mw"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42228"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "n8n Vulnerable to Hijacking of Unauthenticated Chat Execution "
}
GHSA-F78X-P3G9-PJRF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-08 03:31 – Updated: 2026-10-13 18:30A missing authorization check in Brocade Fabric OS versions before 10.0.1 REST API interface of affected platform releases allows an authenticated user, regardless of their assigned role or administrative scope, to retrieve complete Monitoring and Alerting Policy Suite (MAPS) violation data across all logical switches. An attacker with low-privilege API access can leverage this endpoint to dump chassis-wide system health metrics, port performance violations, and configuration data without appropriate privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-87669"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-08T03:16:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A missing authorization check in Brocade Fabric OS versions before 10.0.1 REST API interface of affected platform releases allows an authenticated user, regardless of their assigned role or administrative scope, to retrieve complete Monitoring and Alerting Policy Suite (MAPS) violation data across all logical switches. An attacker with low-privilege API access can leverage this endpoint to dump chassis-wide system health metrics, port performance violations, and configuration data without appropriate privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-f78x-p3g9-pjrf",
"modified": "2026-10-13T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-10-08T03:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-87669"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.broadcom.com/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/39139"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F795-P5JW-J6G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-16 21:53 – Updated: 2026-09-16 21:53Impact
SSE sessions were keyed solely by a client-chosen session_id with no binding to the authenticated user — a control the WebSocket transport has but that was dropped on SSE. An attacker who learns (or a victim who leaks) a session_id could connect to the message endpoint and dispatch event handlers that execute with the victim's identity and state.
Patches
Fixed in djust 1.0.7. Each SSE session is bound to its owning principal at creation and cross-principal access is rejected; SSE session creation is additionally capped per principal.
Workarounds
Disable the SSE transport short of upgrading.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "djust"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61592"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-384",
"CWE-639",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-16T21:53:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nSSE sessions were keyed solely by a **client-chosen** `session_id` with no binding to the authenticated user \u2014 a control the WebSocket transport has but that was dropped on SSE. An attacker who learns (or a victim who leaks) a `session_id` could connect to the message endpoint and dispatch event handlers that execute with the **victim\u0027s identity and state**.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in **djust 1.0.7**. Each SSE session is bound to its owning principal at creation and cross-principal access is rejected; SSE session creation is additionally capped per principal.\n\n### Workarounds\nDisable the SSE transport short of upgrading.",
"id": "GHSA-f795-p5jw-j6g2",
"modified": "2026-09-16T21:53:43Z",
"published": "2026-09-16T21:53:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/djust-org/djust/security/advisories/GHSA-f795-p5jw-j6g2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/djust-org/djust"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/djust-org/djust/releases/tag/v1.0.7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "djust: SSE sessions are not bound to the authenticated user; the client-chosen session_id is the sole authorization capability (session hijack)"
}
GHSA-F79C-J6V2-HJCH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-23 12:32 – Updated: 2026-07-23 12:32Contributor Broken Access Control in Style Kits <= 2.6.5 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-65484"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-23T12:18:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Contributor Broken Access Control in Style Kits \u003c= 2.6.5 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-f79c-j6v2-hjch",
"modified": "2026-07-23T12:32:28Z",
"published": "2026-07-23T12:32:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/analogwp-templates/vulnerability/wordpress-style-kits-plugin-2-6-5-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F79V-HGCP-26CG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-10-14 18:32Missing authorization in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-88164"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-14T18:19:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing authorization in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-f79v-hgcp-26cg",
"modified": "2026-10-14T18:32:29Z",
"published": "2026-10-14T18:32:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-88164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-88164"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7C9-X7PC-54XJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-10 09:31 – Updated: 2024-06-10 09:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in Awesome Support Team Awesome Support.This issue affects Awesome Support: from n/a through 6.1.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35741"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-10T08:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Awesome Support Team Awesome Support.This issue affects Awesome Support: from n/a through 6.1.7.",
"id": "GHSA-f7c9-x7pc-54xj",
"modified": "2024-06-10T09:31:06Z",
"published": "2024-06-10T09:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35741"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/awesome-support/wordpress-awesome-support-plugin-6-1-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability-2?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7F6-F2CJ-M7M8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:01 – Updated: 2021-12-18 00:01In onCreate of NfcImportVCardActivity.java, there is a possible way to add a contact without user's consent due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-9Android ID: A-191053931
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0926"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In onCreate of NfcImportVCardActivity.java, there is a possible way to add a contact without user\u0027s consent due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-9Android ID: A-191053931",
"id": "GHSA-f7f6-f2cj-m7m8",
"modified": "2021-12-18T00:01:38Z",
"published": "2021-12-16T00:01:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-11-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-F7G4-VHHQ-7W9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-10-27 12:30REDAXO core before 5.21.4 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the structure/version and structure/history frontend preview modes, which do not check category or clang permissions for the previewed article. Any backend user, or one holding history[article_rollback], can set rex_version or rex_history_date with arbitrary article_id values to read unpublished working versions and historic or deleted content.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-116897"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-27T11:17:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "REDAXO core before 5.21.4 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in the structure/version and structure/history frontend preview modes, which do not check category or clang permissions for the previewed article. Any backend user, or one holding history[article_rollback], can set rex_version or rex_history_date with arbitrary article_id values to read unpublished working versions and historic or deleted content.",
"id": "GHSA-f7g4-vhhq-7w9x",
"modified": "2026-10-27T12:30:50Z",
"published": "2026-10-27T12:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/redaxo/core/security/advisories/GHSA-v4m9-jvvr-83cx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-116897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/redaxo-before-5.21.4-missing-authorization-in-version-and-history-previews"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7G5-V9Q2-F26J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32Missing Authorization vulnerability in Easy Payment Payment Gateway for PayPal on WooCommerce woo-paypal-gateway allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Payment Gateway for PayPal on WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 9.0.52.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63023"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:18:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Easy Payment Payment Gateway for PayPal on WooCommerce woo-paypal-gateway allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Payment Gateway for PayPal on WooCommerce: from n/a through \u003c= 9.0.52.",
"id": "GHSA-f7g5-v9q2-f26j",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:03Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/woo-paypal-gateway/vulnerability/wordpress-payment-gateway-for-paypal-on-woocommerce-plugin-9-0-52-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/woo-paypal-gateway/vulnerability/wordpress-payment-gateway-for-paypal-on-woocommerce-plugin-9-0-52-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.