CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
17052 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-V8J7-X5RV-CR35
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-19 21:30 – Updated: 2026-08-19 21:30IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an out-of-bounds write.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16901"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T20:17:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an out-of-bounds write.",
"id": "GHSA-v8j7-x5rv-cr35",
"modified": "2026-08-19T21:30:35Z",
"published": "2026-08-19T21:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283858"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V8JW-X2RH-R52C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-06 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:36The affected application lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing project files (e.g., HMI). This could lead to an out-of-bounds write at CScape_EnvisionRV+0x2e374b. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32203"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-06T17:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe affected application lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing project files (e.g., HMI). This could lead to an out-of-bounds write at CScape_EnvisionRV+0x2e374b. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-v8jw-x2rh-r52c",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:36:22Z",
"published": "2023-06-06T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-143-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V8JW-X9WQ-HW4V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:00 – Updated: 2025-05-20 20:54A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory in Microsoft Edge (HTML-based). The vulnerability could corrupt memory in such a way that an attacker could execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. An attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could gain the same user rights as the current user. If the current user is logged on with administrative user rights, an attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could take control of an affected system. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.
In a web-based attack scenario, an attacker could host a specially crafted website that is designed to exploit the vulnerability through Microsoft Edge (HTML-based) and then convince a user to view the website. The attacker could also take advantage of compromised websites and websites that accept or host user-provided content or advertisements. These websites could contain specially crafted content that could exploit the vulnerability.
The security update addresses the vulnerability by modifying how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.ChakraCore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.11.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-1052"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-01T23:30:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-12T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory in Microsoft Edge (HTML-based). The vulnerability could corrupt memory in such a way that an attacker could execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. An attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could gain the same user rights as the current user. If the current user is logged on with administrative user rights, an attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could take control of an affected system. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.\n\nIn a web-based attack scenario, an attacker could host a specially crafted website that is designed to exploit the vulnerability through Microsoft Edge (HTML-based) and then convince a user to view the website. The attacker could also take advantage of compromised websites and websites that accept or host user-provided content or advertisements. These websites could contain specially crafted content that could exploit the vulnerability.\n\nThe security update addresses the vulnerability by modifying how the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory.",
"id": "GHSA-v8jw-x9wq-hw4v",
"modified": "2025-05-20T20:54:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:00:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chakra-core/ChakraCore/commit/3d6226cc2d1077537220361c82e34a362c6c76ee"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chakra-core/ChakraCore/commit/66ab97c09c49c631234c0ec202b0822d0c2833cc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/chakra-core/ChakraCore"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2019-1052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-1052"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Chakra Scripting Engine RCE via Out-of-bounds write"
}
GHSA-V8MC-CM8W-4H96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-21 19:01 – Updated: 2022-10-24 19:00A malicious crafted TGA file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruption vulnerability. This vulnerability in conjunction with other vulnerabilities could lead to code execution in the context of the current process.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42940"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-21T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A malicious crafted TGA file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruption vulnerability. This vulnerability in conjunction with other vulnerabilities could lead to code execution in the context of the current process.",
"id": "GHSA-v8mc-cm8w-4h96",
"modified": "2022-10-24T19:00:25Z",
"published": "2022-10-21T19:01:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.autodesk.com/trust/security-advisories/adsk-sa-2022-0004"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V8MW-XQHR-2VQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:28 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:28A vulnerability was found in upstream release cryptsetup-2.2.0 where, there's a bug in LUKS2 format validation code, that is effectively invoked on every device/image presenting itself as LUKS2 container. The bug is in segments validation code in file 'lib/luks2/luks2_json_metadata.c' in function hdr_validate_segments(struct crypt_device *cd, json_object hdr_jobj) where the code does not check for possible overflow on memory allocation used for intervals array (see statement "intervals = malloc(first_backup * sizeof(intervals));"). Due to the bug, library can be tricked to expect such allocation was successful but for far less memory then originally expected. Later it may read data FROM image crafted by an attacker and actually write such data BEYOND allocated memory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14382"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-16T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in upstream release cryptsetup-2.2.0 where, there\u0027s a bug in LUKS2 format validation code, that is effectively invoked on every device/image presenting itself as LUKS2 container. The bug is in segments validation code in file \u0027lib/luks2/luks2_json_metadata.c\u0027 in function hdr_validate_segments(struct crypt_device *cd, json_object *hdr_jobj) where the code does not check for possible overflow on memory allocation used for intervals array (see statement \"intervals = malloc(first_backup * sizeof(*intervals));\"). Due to the bug, library can be *tricked* to expect such allocation was successful but for far less memory then originally expected. Later it may read data FROM image crafted by an attacker and actually write such data BEYOND allocated memory.",
"id": "GHSA-v8mw-xqhr-2vqp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:28:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:28:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14382"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1874712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OJTQ4KSVCW2NMSU5WFVPOHY46WMNF4OB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TD6YSD63LLRRC4WQ7DJLSXWNUCY6FWBM"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4493-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-V8P3-7JRM-C3RR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-05 00:31 – Updated: 2025-06-05 00:31A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function qosClassifier of the file /goform/qosClassifier. The manipulation of the argument dip_address/sip_address leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5623"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-05T00:15:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function qosClassifier of the file /goform/qosClassifier. The manipulation of the argument dip_address/sip_address leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-v8p3-7jrm-c3rr",
"modified": "2025-06-05T00:31:21Z",
"published": "2025-06-05T00:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link5/vuln_51/51.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.311109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.589224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-V8PJ-X8QH-4Q2M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:14 – Updated: 2022-10-07 18:16Heap buffer overflow in media in Google Chrome prior to 80.0.3987.162 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-13T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in media in Google Chrome prior to 80.0.3987.162 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-v8pj-x8qh-4q2m",
"modified": "2022-10-07T18:16:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:14:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2020/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_31.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1059764"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JMXT4OKBMCJSNSX7TZDBJNY6ORKFZRFO"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JQTV7EFWQKF6VJBCVH4PUQJLGO7ISLTN"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00024.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00031.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V8Q5-HCMX-WV5V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-04 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:24In urild service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local denial of service with System execution privileges needed
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38467"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-04T02:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In urild service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local denial of service with System execution privileges needed",
"id": "GHSA-v8q5-hcmx-wv5v",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:24:09Z",
"published": "2023-09-04T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1698296481653522434"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V8QH-HH5Q-9VC3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-01 06:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:30In wlan STA driver, there is a possible system crash due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local denial of service with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00480851; Issue ID: MSV-6338.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20456"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T04:16:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In wlan STA driver, there is a possible system crash due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local denial of service with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: WCNCR00480851; Issue ID: MSV-6338.",
"id": "GHSA-v8qh-hh5q-9vc3",
"modified": "2026-06-01T15:30:40Z",
"published": "2026-06-01T06:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20456"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/June-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-V8QQ-WHM6-FXJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:00 – Updated: 2023-03-24 18:30In Emerson Ovation OCR400 Controller 3.3.1 and earlier, a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the embedded third-party FTP server involves improper handling of a long command to the FTP service, which may cause memory corruption that halts the controller or leads to remote code execution and escalation of privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10965"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-28T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Emerson Ovation OCR400 Controller 3.3.1 and earlier, a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the embedded third-party FTP server involves improper handling of a long command to the FTP service, which may cause memory corruption that halts the controller or leads to remote code execution and escalation of privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-v8qq-whm6-fxjh",
"modified": "2023-03-24T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:00:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10965"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-148-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108499"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.