CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16907 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MRF8-VVV3-QVPR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-29 03:30 – Updated: 2024-01-29 03:30A vulnerability was found in Tenda i6 1.0.0.9(3857). It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function formWifiMacFilterGet of the file /goform/WifiMacFilterGet of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument index leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-252258 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0993"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-29T02:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda i6 1.0.0.9(3857). It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function formWifiMacFilterGet of the file /goform/WifiMacFilterGet of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument index leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-252258 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-mrf8-vvv3-qvpr",
"modified": "2024-01-29T03:30:18Z",
"published": "2024-01-29T03:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0993"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jylsec.notion.site/Tenda-i6-has-stack-buffer-overflow-vulnerability-in-formWifiMacFilterGet-8b2c5cb67e2a433cad62d737782a7e0f?pvs=4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.252258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.252258"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRFH-XQH8-3383
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:15An issue was discovered in libslax through v0.22.1. slaxLexer() in slaxlexer.c has a stack-based buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-20T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in libslax through v0.22.1. slaxLexer() in slaxlexer.c has a stack-based buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-mrfh-xqh8-3383",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:15:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Juniper/libslax/issues/53"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MRG2-FQPF-5CRP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-09 00:00 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:31Das U-Boot 2022.01 has a Buffer Overflow, a different issue than CVE-2022-30552.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30790"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-08T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Das U-Boot 2022.01 has a Buffer Overflow, a different issue than CVE-2022-30552.",
"id": "GHSA-mrg2-fqpf-5crp",
"modified": "2026-05-12T12:31:28Z",
"published": "2022-06-09T00:00:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30790"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-577017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/u-boot/u-boot/tags"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2022/06/03/technical-advisory-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-u-boot-cve-2022-30790-cve-2022-30552"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRG6-2353-5HVQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2024-07-09 21:30Server communication with a controller can lead to remote code execution using a specially crafted message from the controller. See Honeywell Security Notification for recommendations on upgrading and versioning.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5406"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-17T17:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Server communication with a controller can lead to remote code execution using a specially crafted message from the controller.\u00a0See Honeywell Security Notification for recommendations on upgrading and versioning.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-mrg6-2353-5hvq",
"modified": "2024-07-09T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-04-17T18:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5406"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://process.honeywell.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRG6-5X6G-M79J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-07 18:30 – Updated: 2023-12-09 06:30Tenda W30E V16.01.0.12(4843) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function formRebootMeshNode.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50002"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-07T17:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda W30E V16.01.0.12(4843) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function formRebootMeshNode.",
"id": "GHSA-mrg6-5x6g-m79j",
"modified": "2023-12-09T06:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-12-07T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GD008/TENDA/blob/main/w30e/tenda_w30e_rebootMesh/w30e_rebootMesh.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRGH-VP46-W2HM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:48 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:48In AudioSpecificConfig_Parse of tpdec_asc.cpp, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-112661641
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-14T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In AudioSpecificConfig_Parse of tpdec_asc.cpp, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-112661641",
"id": "GHSA-mrgh-vp46-w2hm",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:48:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:48:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-11-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105865"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRHQ-XXPP-QF7J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-09-12 18:30snappy-java through 1.1.10.8 contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Snappy.uncompress(ByteBuffer, ByteBuffer) because destination buffer capacity is never validated against decompressed size. Attackers can supply valid compressed data that decompresses larger than the destination buffer, causing writes past buffer boundaries and JVM termination.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-90559"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-12T18:16:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "snappy-java through 1.1.10.8 contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Snappy.uncompress(ByteBuffer, ByteBuffer) because destination buffer capacity is never validated against decompressed size. Attackers can supply valid compressed data that decompresses larger than the destination buffer, causing writes past buffer boundaries and JVM termination.",
"id": "GHSA-mrhq-xxpp-qf7j",
"modified": "2026-09-12T18:30:22Z",
"published": "2026-09-12T18:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-90559"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/issues/728"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xerial/snappy-java/blob/v1.1.10.8/src/main/java/org/xerial/snappy/Snappy.java#L561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/snappy-java-through-1.1.10.8-out-of-bounds-write-via-uncompress"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRHR-C569-5WJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-21 18:32Heap buffer overflow in Exosphere in Google Chrome on Chrome OS, Lacros prior to 105.0.5195.52 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via crafted UI interactions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3051"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-26T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in Exosphere in Google Chrome on Chrome OS, Lacros prior to 105.0.5195.52 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interactions to potentially exploit heap corruption via crafted UI interactions.",
"id": "GHSA-mrhr-c569-5wjh",
"modified": "2025-05-21T18:32:58Z",
"published": "2022-09-27T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2022/08/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_30.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1345245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T4NMJURTG5RO3TGD7ZMIQ6Z4ZZ3SAVYE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T4NMJURTG5RO3TGD7ZMIQ6Z4ZZ3SAVYE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202209-23"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRJ6-GWRP-FXF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:05Buffer Overflow vulnerability in scan function in stdscan.c in nasm 2.15rc0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted asm file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-21687"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-22T19:16:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Buffer Overflow vulnerability in scan function in stdscan.c in nasm 2.15rc0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted asm file.",
"id": "GHSA-mrj6-gwrp-fxf5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:05:57Z",
"published": "2023-08-22T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-21687"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.nasm.us/show_bug.cgi?id=3392645"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MRJM-PHCF-G3VG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-21 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:32In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drivers: media: dvb-frontends/rtl2830: fix an out-of-bounds write error
Ensure index in rtl2830_pid_filter does not exceed 31 to prevent out-of-bounds access.
dev->filters is a 32-bit value, so set_bit and clear_bit functions should only operate on indices from 0 to 31. If index is 32, it will attempt to access a non-existent 33rd bit, leading to out-of-bounds access. Change the boundary check from index > 32 to index >= 32 to resolve this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47697"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-21T12:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrivers: media: dvb-frontends/rtl2830: fix an out-of-bounds write error\n\nEnsure index in rtl2830_pid_filter does not exceed 31 to prevent\nout-of-bounds access.\n\ndev-\u003efilters is a 32-bit value, so set_bit and clear_bit functions should\nonly operate on indices from 0 to 31. If index is 32, it will attempt to\naccess a non-existent 33rd bit, leading to out-of-bounds access.\nChange the boundary check from index \u003e 32 to index \u003e= 32 to resolve this\nissue.",
"id": "GHSA-mrjm-phcf-g3vg",
"modified": "2026-05-12T12:32:09Z",
"published": "2024-10-21T12:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47697"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-355557.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/042b101d7bf70616c4967c286ffa6fcca65babfb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3dba83d3c81de1368d15a39f22df7b53e306052f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46d7ebfe6a75a454a5fa28604f0ef1491f9d8d14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58f31be7dfbc0c84a6497ad51924949cf64b86a2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fd6aae7e53b94f4035b1bfce28b8dfa0d0ae470"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86d920d2600c3a48efc2775c1666c1017eec6956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/883f794c6e498ae24680aead55c16f66b06cfc30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ffbe7d07b8e76193b151107878ddc1ccc94deb5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/badbd736e6649c4e6d7b4ff7e2b9857acfa9ea94"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.