CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16885 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M6C6-R9MP-HCG3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 15:32 – Updated: 2024-03-21 21:31Tenda AC18 V15.03.05.05 has a stack overflow vulnerability in the mitInterface parameter of fromAddressNat function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28535"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T13:15:49Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC18 V15.03.05.05 has a stack overflow vulnerability in the mitInterface parameter of fromAddressNat function.",
"id": "GHSA-m6c6-r9mp-hcg3",
"modified": "2024-03-21T21:31:15Z",
"published": "2024-03-12T15:32:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/AC18/fromAddressNat_mitInterface.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6CW-V9MQ-9WMH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:18The SwCTBWrapper::Read function in sw/source/filter/ww8/ww8toolbar.cxx in LibreOffice before 5.4.6.1 and 6.x before 6.0.2.1 does not validate a customizations index, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow with write access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted document that contains a certain Microsoft Word record.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10120"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-16T09:58:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The SwCTBWrapper::Read function in sw/source/filter/ww8/ww8toolbar.cxx in LibreOffice before 5.4.6.1 and 6.x before 6.0.2.1 does not validate a customizations index, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow with write access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted document that contains a certain Microsoft Word record.",
"id": "GHSA-m6cw-v9mq-9wmh",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:18:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=6173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.libreoffice.org/#/c/49486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.libreoffice.org/#/c/49499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.libreoffice.org/#/c/49500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.libreoffice.org/gitweb?p=core.git;a=commit;h=017fcc2fcd00af17a97bd5463d89662404f57667"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/04/msg00021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3883-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.libreoffice.org/about-us/security/advisories/cve-2018-10120"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6FQ-WGPR-HQX9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-23 15:31 – Updated: 2024-07-23 15:31A memory corruption issue due to an improper length check in LabVIEW tdcore.dll may disclose information or result in arbitrary code execution. Successful exploitation requires an attacker to provide a user with a specially crafted VI. This vulnerability affects LabVIEW 2024 Q1 and prior versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4080"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-23T14:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A memory corruption issue due to an improper length check in LabVIEW tdcore.dll may disclose information or result in arbitrary code execution. Successful exploitation requires an attacker to provide a user with a specially crafted VI. This vulnerability affects LabVIEW 2024 Q1 and prior versions.",
"id": "GHSA-m6fq-wgpr-hqx9",
"modified": "2024-07-23T15:31:09Z",
"published": "2024-07-23T15:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4080"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ni.com/en/support/security/available-critical-and-security-updates-for-ni-software/memory-corruption-issues-due-to-improper-length-checks-in-labview.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6G3-MRP2-C625
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-15 00:01Heap buffer overflow in libr/bin/format/mach0/mach0.c in GitHub repository radareorg/radare2 prior to 5.8.6. If address sanitizer is disabled during the compiling, the program should executes into the r_str_ncpy function. Therefore I think it is very likely to be exploitable. For more general description of heap buffer overflow, see CWE.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-06T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in libr/bin/format/mach0/mach0.c in GitHub repository radareorg/radare2 prior to 5.8.6. If address sanitizer is disabled during the compiling, the program should executes into the `r_str_ncpy` function. Therefore I think it is very likely to be exploitable. For more general description of heap buffer overflow, see [CWE](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/122.html).",
"id": "GHSA-m6g3-mrp2-c625",
"modified": "2022-04-15T00:01:08Z",
"published": "2022-04-07T00:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/commit/ca8d8b39f3e34a4fd943270330b80f1148129de4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/e589bd97-4c74-4e79-93b5-0951a281facc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6GP-7PQC-8GC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:18Mikrotik RouterOS before 6.42.7 and 6.40.9 is vulnerable to stack buffer overflow through the license upgrade interface. This vulnerability could theoretically allow a remote authenticated attacker execute arbitrary code on the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1156"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-23T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mikrotik RouterOS before 6.42.7 and 6.40.9 is vulnerable to stack buffer overflow through the license upgrade interface. This vulnerability could theoretically allow a remote authenticated attacker execute arbitrary code on the system.",
"id": "GHSA-m6gp-7pqc-8gc5",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:18:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mikrotik.com/download/changelogs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mikrotik.com/download/changelogs/bugfix-release-tree"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2018-21"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6HJ-X59Q-53QG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 00:32 – Updated: 2024-07-17 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle WebLogic Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21175"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-16T23:15:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.1.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle WebLogic Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle WebLogic Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-m6hj-x59q-53qg",
"modified": "2024-07-17T00:32:55Z",
"published": "2024-07-17T00:32:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21175"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6HP-HCR5-CC62
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30Kofax Power PDF PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20390.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37334"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Kofax Power PDF PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20390.",
"id": "GHSA-m6hp-hcr5-cc62",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:54Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37334"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-929"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6JH-W9F2-RX57
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 03:31 – Updated: 2026-01-06 21:30In mminfra, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS10267349; Issue ID: MSV-5033.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20800"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T02:15:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In mminfra, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS10267349; Issue ID: MSV-5033.",
"id": "GHSA-m6jh-w9f2-rx57",
"modified": "2026-01-06T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T03:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/January-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6JR-W5Q8-7X85
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30Out-of-bounds write for the Intel(R) Data Center Graphics Driver for VMware ESXi software before version 2.0.2 within Ring 1: Device Drivers may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (high) impacts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20879"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T17:16:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds write for the Intel(R) Data Center Graphics Driver for VMware ESXi software before version 2.0.2 within Ring 1: Device Drivers may allow a denial of service. System software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable data corruption. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are not present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (high) and availability (high) impacts.",
"id": "GHSA-m6jr-w5q8-7x85",
"modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01402.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6JW-RG4F-JW25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-21 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:30squashfs filesystem implementation of U-Boot versions from v2020.10-rc2 to v2022.07-rc5 contains a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability due to a defect in the metadata reading process. Loading a specially crafted squashfs image may lead to a denial-of-service (DoS) condition or arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33967"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-20T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "squashfs filesystem implementation of U-Boot versions from v2020.10-rc2 to v2022.07-rc5 contains a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability due to a defect in the metadata reading process. Loading a specially crafted squashfs image may lead to a denial-of-service (DoS) condition or arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-m6jw-rg4f-jw25",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:30:42Z",
"published": "2022-07-21T00:00:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU97846460/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.denx.de/pipermail/u-boot/2022-June/487467.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.denx.de/u-boot/u-boot/-/commit/7f7fb9937c6cb49dd35153bd6708872b390b0a44"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.denx.de/project/u-boot"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.