CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16885 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M649-QFQ3-HFQM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-20 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-23 00:00OTFCC commit 617837b was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via /release-x64/otfccdump+0x65f724.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-19T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OTFCC commit 617837b was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via /release-x64/otfccdump+0x65f724.",
"id": "GHSA-m649-qfq3-hfqm",
"modified": "2022-09-23T00:00:44Z",
"published": "2022-09-20T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1emVd7wtL-kIhpSrl0ynkuci2KsSnaoO9/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cvjark/Poc/blob/main/otfcc/CVE-2022-35065.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M654-QF29-WQ6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:18 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:18A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex One, Apex One as a Service and Worry-Free Business Security 10.0 SP1 could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations. Please note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-21T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex One, Apex One as a Service and Worry-Free Business Security 10.0 SP1 could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations. Please note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-m654-qf29-wq6w",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:18:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:18:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000289229"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000289230"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-1221"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M65R-8CXG-P9WC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:07 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:07A vulnerability has been identified in JT2Go (All versions < V13.2), Teamcenter Visualization (All versions < V13.2). The Tiff_loader.dll library in affected applications lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing TIFF files. This could result in an out of bounds write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-13194)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34300"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-13T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in JT2Go (All versions \u003c V13.2), Teamcenter Visualization (All versions \u003c V13.2). The Tiff_loader.dll library in affected applications lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing TIFF files. This could result in an out of bounds write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-13194)",
"id": "GHSA-m65r-8cxg-p9wc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:07:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:07:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34300"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-483182.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-846"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M662-7XCG-F6RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-04 00:00Xlight FTP v3.9.3.2 was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow which allows attackers to leak sensitive information via crafted code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-23T14:16:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Xlight FTP v3.9.3.2 was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow which allows attackers to leak sensitive information via crafted code.",
"id": "GHSA-m662-7xcg-f6rg",
"modified": "2022-06-04T00:00:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T00:01:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://i.imgur.com/aw6hZo2.png"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://i.imgur.com/jMURHQF.png"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/166381/Xlight-FTP-3.9.3.2-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://streamable.com/gmqz5x"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M66C-QM7G-W5QX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-02 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-02 03:30Out-of-bounds write vulnerability while releasing memory in libsavsac.so prior to SMR Apr-2024 Release 1 allows local attacker to execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20845"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-02T03:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds write vulnerability while releasing memory in libsavsac.so prior to SMR Apr-2024 Release 1 allows local attacker to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-m66c-qm7g-w5qx",
"modified": "2024-04-02T03:30:43Z",
"published": "2024-04-02T03:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2024\u0026month=04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M66J-4HH4-R35X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:15An issue was discovered in sela through 20200412. file::SelaFile::readFromFile() in sela_file.cpp has a heap-based buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39550"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-20T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in sela through 20200412. file::SelaFile::readFromFile() in sela_file.cpp has a heap-based buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-m66j-4hh4-r35x",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:15:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sahaRatul/sela/issues/30"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M67H-G698-3WR3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:12Buffer overflow vulnerability in function pool_installable_whatprovides in src/repo.h in libsolv before 0.7.17 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-33930"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-02T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Buffer overflow vulnerability in function pool_installable_whatprovides in src/repo.h in libsolv before 0.7.17 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service.",
"id": "GHSA-m67h-g698-3wr3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:12:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:12:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openSUSE/libsolv/issues/417"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M682-89JG-JV7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:01TP-Link TL-WDR7660 2.0.30, Mercury D196G 20200109_2.0.4, and Fast FAC1900R 20190827_2.0.2 routers have a stack overflow issue in MntAte function. Local users could get remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26988"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TP-Link TL-WDR7660 2.0.30, Mercury D196G 20200109_2.0.4, and Fast FAC1900R 20190827_2.0.2 routers have a stack overflow issue in `MntAte` function. Local users could get remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-m682-89jg-jv7x",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:01:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-11T00:01:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1J1KzojrMCq-MrV0HqkWiu17MIXGhRuUH/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GANGE666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tp-link.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M68V-95HX-R5C3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-29 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-29 12:31The Apache Traffic Server header_rewrite plugin can crash or corrupt memory during cookie operations and CIDR condition matching.
This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 8.0.0 through 8.1.9, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.14, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.3.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.15 or 10.1.4, which fix the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-58184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-29T10:16:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Apache Traffic Server header_rewrite plugin can crash or corrupt memory during cookie operations and CIDR condition matching.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 8.0.0 through 8.1.9, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.14, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.3.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.15 or 10.1.4, which fix the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-m68v-95hx-r5c3",
"modified": "2026-07-29T12:31:22Z",
"published": "2026-07-29T12:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/5prl9glcm9g2swnq9hqxvnokylm1gr6d"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M694-FFQC-42HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:35An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.0.1, iOS 14.2 and iPadOS 14.2, tvOS 14.2, watchOS 7.1. Processing a maliciously crafted font file may lead to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-27927"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-08T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.0.1, iOS 14.2 and iPadOS 14.2, tvOS 14.2, watchOS 7.1. Processing a maliciously crafted font file may lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-m694-ffqc-42hh",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:35:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211929"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211931"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Dec/32"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.