CWE-787
Weakness Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Type: Write
- Resource-Type: Memory Buffer
- Resource-Property: Out-of-bounds
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities. However, closer examination is required.
While this CWE is allowed for mapping, it has more specific children that might be a better fit. Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is appropriate. Consider the root cause errors that have led to the out-of-bounds write by examining "CanFollow" relationships for this entry.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
This weakness can often be detected using automated static analysis tools. Many modern tools use data flow analysis or constraint-based techniques to minimize the number of false positives.
Automated static analysis generally does not account for environmental considerations when reporting out-of-bounds memory operations. This can make it difficult for users to determine which warnings should be investigated first. For example, an analysis tool might report buffer overflows that originate from command line arguments in a program that is not expected to run with setuid or other special privileges.
Effectiveness: High
Detection techniques for buffer-related errors are more mature than for most other weakness types.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
This weakness can be detected using dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the software using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The software's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Automated Dynamic Analysis
Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
Effectiveness: Moderate
Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.
Content history
Suggested mappings to ISA/IEC 62443.
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Relationships
updated Description
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Detection_Factors, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Relationships
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Applicable_Platforms
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
updated Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
updated Demonstrative_Examples
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Weakness_Ordinalities
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, References
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References, Relationships
updated Mapping_Notes
updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
16871 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JXJ9-FWCW-57HW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-13 21:36 – Updated: 2026-08-13 21:36IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to cause a denial of service due to a stack-based buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16692"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T20:17:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to cause a denial of service due to a stack-based buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-jxj9-fwcw-57hw",
"modified": "2026-08-13T21:36:05Z",
"published": "2026-08-13T21:36:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283291"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXJH-3G73-H3JM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 03:31 – Updated: 2026-01-06 21:30In display, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS10184870; Issue ID: MSV-4729.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20778"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T02:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In display, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS10184870; Issue ID: MSV-4729.",
"id": "GHSA-jxjh-3g73-h3jm",
"modified": "2026-01-06T21:30:32Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T03:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/January-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXMW-FV2P-4289
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-01 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:28Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 115, Firefox ESR 115.0, Firefox ESR 102.13, Thunderbird 115.0, and Thunderbird 102.13. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 116, Firefox ESR < 102.14, and Firefox ESR < 115.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4056"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-01T16:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 115, Firefox ESR 115.0, Firefox ESR 102.13, Thunderbird 115.0, and Thunderbird 102.13. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 116, Firefox ESR \u003c 102.14, and Firefox ESR \u003c 115.1.",
"id": "GHSA-jxmw-fv2p-4289",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:28:39Z",
"published": "2023-08-01T18:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1820587%2C1824634%2C1839235%2C1842325%2C1843847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5469"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-31"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXQ2-9WWX-P5RM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-22 15:30 – Updated: 2025-03-22 15:30A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DAP-1620 1.03 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function mod_graph_auth_uri_handler of the file /storage of the component Authentication Handler. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2620"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-22T15:15:38Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DAP-1620 1.03 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function mod_graph_auth_uri_handler of the file /storage of the component Authentication Handler. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-jxq2-9wwx-p5rm",
"modified": "2025-03-22T15:30:36Z",
"published": "2025-03-22T15:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.300622"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.300622"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.518969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://witty-maiasaura-083.notion.site/D-link-DAP-1620-mod_graph_auth_uri_handler-Vulnerability-1afb2f2a6361809ea7f2dc4df3b85f1f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXQ5-P733-7R68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:16 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:33The dec_clnpass function in libjasper/jpc/jpc_t1dec.c in JasPer 1.900.27 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid memory write and crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted image.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5503"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-01T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The dec_clnpass function in libjasper/jpc/jpc_t1dec.c in JasPer 1.900.27 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid memory write and crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted image.",
"id": "GHSA-jxq5-p733-7r68",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:33:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:16:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.gentoo.org/ago/2017/01/16/jasper-invalid-memory-write-in-dec_clnpass-jpc_t1dec-c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201908-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00082.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00085.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/01/16/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/01/17/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95683"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXQC-FM45-CFVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-09 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-15 00:00H3C Magic R100 R100V100R005 was discovered to contain a stack overflow vulnerability via the CMD parameter at /goform/aspForm.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-08T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "H3C Magic R100 R100V100R005 was discovered to contain a stack overflow vulnerability via the CMD parameter at /goform/aspForm.",
"id": "GHSA-jxqc-fm45-cfvv",
"modified": "2022-06-15T00:00:20Z",
"published": "2022-06-09T00:00:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/H3C/magicR100/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXWM-333P-5CWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2023-01-09 18:30A flaw was found in libwebp in versions before 1.0.1. A heap-based buffer overflow in function WebPDecodeRGBInto is possible due to an invalid check for buffer size. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36328"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-21T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in libwebp in versions before 1.0.1. A heap-based buffer overflow in function WebPDecodeRGBInto is possible due to an invalid check for buffer size. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.",
"id": "GHSA-jxwm-333p-5cwx",
"modified": "2023-01-09T18:30:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1956829"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/06/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20211112-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT212601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Jul/54"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXX8-GWMM-2J3V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2022-10-12 19:00This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.4.16811. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within ConvertToPDF_x86.dll. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-7694.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-6760"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-03T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.4.16811. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within ConvertToPDF_x86.dll. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-7694.",
"id": "GHSA-jxx8-gwmm-2j3v",
"modified": "2022-10-12T19:00:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6760"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-19-434"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M22V-J3FW-2M27
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-26 15:30 – Updated: 2024-03-26 15:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Tenda AC7 15.03.06.44. Affected is the function formQuickIndex of the file /goform/QuickIndex. The manipulation of the argument PPPOEPassword leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-257934 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2891"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-26T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Tenda AC7 15.03.06.44. Affected is the function formQuickIndex of the file /goform/QuickIndex. The manipulation of the argument PPPOEPassword leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-257934 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-m22v-j3fw-2m27",
"modified": "2024-03-26T15:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-03-26T15:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/AC7/v1/formQuickIndex.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257934"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.257934"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.300354"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M232-P3MF-6XC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-20 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
hwmon: (pmbus/adm1266) cap PDIO scan in get_multiple at ADM1266_PDIO_NR
adm1266_gpio_get_multiple() iterates the PDIO portion of the caller-supplied mask using
for_each_set_bit_from(gpio_nr, mask,
ADM1266_GPIO_NR + ADM1266_PDIO_STATUS) {
...
}
where ADM1266_PDIO_STATUS is the PMBus command code (0xE9, i.e. 233), not the number of PDIO pins. The intended upper bound is ADM1266_GPIO_NR + ADM1266_PDIO_NR = 25.
gpiolib hands in a mask sized for gc.ngpio (= 25 bits on this chip), so the iteration walks find_next_bit() up to 242, reading up to 217 extra bits (a handful of unsigned-long words: four on 64-bit, seven on 32-bit) of whatever lives past the end of the mask in the caller's stack. Any incidental set bit in that range then drives a set_bit(gpio_nr, bits) call that writes past the end of the caller-supplied bits array too -- both out-of-bounds.
Substitute ADM1266_PDIO_NR for the constant so the scan stops at the last real PDIO bit.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-19T16:17:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nhwmon: (pmbus/adm1266) cap PDIO scan in get_multiple at ADM1266_PDIO_NR\n\nadm1266_gpio_get_multiple() iterates the PDIO portion of the\ncaller-supplied mask using\n\n\tfor_each_set_bit_from(gpio_nr, mask,\n\t\t\t ADM1266_GPIO_NR + ADM1266_PDIO_STATUS) {\n\t\t...\n\t}\n\nwhere ADM1266_PDIO_STATUS is the PMBus command code (0xE9, i.e. 233),\nnot the number of PDIO pins. The intended upper bound is\nADM1266_GPIO_NR + ADM1266_PDIO_NR = 25.\n\ngpiolib hands in a mask sized for gc.ngpio (= 25 bits on this chip),\nso the iteration walks find_next_bit() up to 242, reading up to 217\nextra bits (a handful of unsigned-long words: four on 64-bit, seven\non 32-bit) of whatever lives past the end of the mask in the\ncaller\u0027s stack. Any incidental set bit in that range then drives a\nset_bit(gpio_nr, bits) call that writes past the end of the\ncaller-supplied bits array too -- both out-of-bounds.\n\nSubstitute ADM1266_PDIO_NR for the constant so the scan stops at the\nlast real PDIO bit.",
"id": "GHSA-m232-p3mf-6xc5",
"modified": "2026-07-20T15:31:58Z",
"published": "2026-07-19T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/17cee2f59029039416e8f6303050038eb59ba149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/299efd14c2eda7e5fd40025e54addd4151a01081"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2aef8f08c479f4cbc83e1e6b19d1c94d4dd24f17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d1da9a6be5a8156c532d571c2ed237169f99244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b96c7f0bc0713dc6403912f6527d4ff9168d6fe6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0593e15fdeb56048a72c5c6e720f702759d0ccd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d7834d92251baade796812876e95555e2066fa9f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fa7ca363069a70b0d1aa51e8892e3095fe2ac1ec"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.