Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15265 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P8MC-X23Q-5VQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-28 12:30 – Updated: 2026-03-28 12:30
VLAI
Details
Crashmail 1.6 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending malicious input to the application. Attackers can craft payloads with ROP chains to achieve code execution in the application context, with failed attempts potentially causing denial of service.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-25223"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-28T12:16:03Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Crashmail 1.6 contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending malicious input to the application. Attackers can craft payloads with ROP chains to achieve code execution in the application context, with failed attempts potentially causing denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-p8mc-x23q-5vqf",
"modified": "2026-03-28T12:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-03-28T12:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/crashmail-stack-based-buffer-overflow-remote-code-execution"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://exploitpack.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ftnapps.sourceforge.net/crashmail.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P8PQ-6R4W-C75V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 09:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:31
VLAI
Details
A flaw was found in the GNU coreutils "split" program. A heap overflow with user-controlled data of multiple hundred bytes in length could occur in the line_bytes_split() function, potentially leading to an application crash and denial of service.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0684"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-06T09:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the GNU coreutils \"split\" program. A heap overflow with user-controlled data of multiple hundred bytes in length could occur in the line_bytes_split() function, potentially leading to an application crash and denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-p8pq-6r4w-c75v",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:31:05Z",
"published": "2024-02-06T09:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-0684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2258948"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2KAURFJIEYY2BWCPN4AZDYCVMFD5J4GB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240808-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/18/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P8Q8-XQGV-RWVR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:37
VLAI
Details
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability was found in NBD server implementation in qemu before 2.11 allowing a client to request an export name of size up to 4096 bytes, which in fact should be limited to 256 bytes, causing an out-of-bounds stack write in the qemu process. If NBD server requires TLS, the attacker cannot trigger the buffer overflow without first successfully negotiating TLS.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-15118"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-27T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability was found in NBD server implementation in qemu before 2.11 allowing a client to request an export name of size up to 4096 bytes, which in fact should be limited to 256 bytes, causing an out-of-bounds stack write in the qemu process. If NBD server requires TLS, the attacker cannot trigger the buffer overflow without first successfully negotiating TLS.",
"id": "GHSA-p8q8-xqgv-rwvr",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:37:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:37:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:1104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2017-15118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2017-11/msg05045.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3575-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/11/28/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101975"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P8R9-JRQ7-F9J3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-19 00:01 – Updated: 2022-02-25 00:01
VLAI
Details
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Sante DICOM Viewer Pro 11.8.7.0. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of DCM files. Crafted data in a DCM file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process Was ZDI-CAN-15098.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24059"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-18T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Sante DICOM Viewer Pro 11.8.7.0. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of DCM files. Crafted data in a DCM file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process Was ZDI-CAN-15098.",
"id": "GHSA-p8r9-jrq7-f9j3",
"modified": "2022-02-25T00:01:13Z",
"published": "2022-02-19T00:01:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24059"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-251"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P8V4-VGVR-P55F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-21 15:30 – Updated: 2023-11-28 21:30
VLAI
Details
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 119. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 120.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6213"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-21T15:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 119. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 120.",
"id": "GHSA-p8v4-vgvr-p55f",
"modified": "2023-11-28T21:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-11-21T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1849265%2C1851118%2C1854911"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-49"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P8VF-HR52-WPWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-01 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-07 21:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
comedi: me_daq: Fix potential overrun of firmware buffer
me2600_xilinx_download() loads the firmware that was requested by
request_firmware(). It is possible for it to overrun the source
buffer because it blindly trusts the file format. It reads a data
stream length from the first 4 bytes into variable file_length and
reads the data stream contents of length file_length from offset 16
onwards. Although it checks that the supplied firmware is at least 16
bytes long, it does not check that it is long enough to contain the data
stream.
Add a test to ensure that the supplied firmware is long enough to
contain the header and the data stream. On failure, log an error and
return -EINVAL.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-01T15:16:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncomedi: me_daq: Fix potential overrun of firmware buffer\n\n`me2600_xilinx_download()` loads the firmware that was requested by\n`request_firmware()`. It is possible for it to overrun the source\nbuffer because it blindly trusts the file format. It reads a data\nstream length from the first 4 bytes into variable `file_length` and\nreads the data stream contents of length `file_length` from offset 16\nonwards. Although it checks that the supplied firmware is at least 16\nbytes long, it does not check that it is long enough to contain the data\nstream.\n\nAdd a test to ensure that the supplied firmware is long enough to\ncontain the header and the data stream. On failure, log an error and\nreturn `-EINVAL`.",
"id": "GHSA-p8vf-hr52-wpwh",
"modified": "2026-05-07T21:30:23Z",
"published": "2026-05-01T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bf8761eb59e94bf7b8c17b2a1ee48f14378b172"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fc25a4c2e055cd42ea39a1b42c89bfef70e0319"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f39fa07259eb342908e4aa0271dee038a8ce4f8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a47ae40339c1048f519df33ff8840731720f57cb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c16ac4e173a05011437a2d868f70cc415339065a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c8c607a77aab783f2e38cc2e0f24aa6c8f6d200b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc797d4821c754c701d9714b58bea947e31dbbe0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f3f8ec00cfb8d8e826e30b1138a56355b88e9ba8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P8VF-P5G9-F6J7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-28 03:31 – Updated: 2025-01-28 03:31
VLAI
Details
Buffer overflow in CPCA font download processing of Small Office Multifunction Printers and Laser Printers() which may allow an attacker on the network segment to trigger the affected product being unresponsive or to execute arbitrary code. : Satera MF656Cdw/Satera MF654Cdw firmware v05.04 and earlier sold in Japan. Color imageCLASS MF656Cdw/Color imageCLASS MF654Cdw/Color imageCLASS MF653Cdw/Color imageCLASS MF652Cdw/Color imageCLASS LBP633Cdw/Color imageCLASS LBP632Cdw firmware v05.04 and earlier sold in US. i-SENSYS MF657Cdw/i-SENSYS MF655Cdw/i-SENSYS MF651Cdw/i-SENSYS LBP633Cdw/i-SENSYS LBP631Cdw firmware v05.04 and earlier sold in Europe.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12647"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-28T01:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Buffer overflow in CPCA font download processing of Small Office Multifunction Printers and Laser Printers(*) which may allow an attacker on the network segment to trigger the affected product being unresponsive or to execute arbitrary code. *: Satera MF656Cdw/Satera MF654Cdw firmware v05.04 and earlier sold in Japan. Color imageCLASS MF656Cdw/Color imageCLASS MF654Cdw/Color imageCLASS MF653Cdw/Color imageCLASS MF652Cdw/Color imageCLASS LBP633Cdw/Color imageCLASS LBP632Cdw firmware v05.04 and earlier sold in US. i-SENSYS MF657Cdw/i-SENSYS MF655Cdw/i-SENSYS MF651Cdw/i-SENSYS LBP633Cdw/i-SENSYS LBP631Cdw firmware v05.04 and earlier sold in Europe.",
"id": "GHSA-p8vf-p5g9-f6j7",
"modified": "2025-01-28T03:31:13Z",
"published": "2025-01-28T03:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://canon.jp/support/support-info/250127vulnerability-response"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psirt.canon/advisory-information/cp2025-001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.canon-europe.com/support/product-security/#news"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usa.canon.com/support/canon-product-advisories/service-notice-regarding-vulnerability-measure-against-buffer-overflow-for-laser-printers-and-small-office-multifunctional-printers"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P8VH-MWC9-R3JW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-28 00:00
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Safari 15.6. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32792"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-23T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, watchOS 8.7, tvOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Safari 15.6. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-p8vh-mwc9-r3jw",
"modified": "2022-09-28T00:00:19Z",
"published": "2022-09-25T00:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32792"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213342"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213346"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P8VQ-XH8F-9WX6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-04 12:30 – Updated: 2024-01-04 12:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability has been identified in syngo fastView (All versions). The affected application lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing BMP files. This could result in an out-of-bounds write past the end of an allocated structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-14860)
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42028"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-04T12:15:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in syngo fastView (All versions). The affected application lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing BMP files. This could result in an out-of-bounds write past the end of an allocated structure. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-14860)",
"id": "GHSA-p8vq-xh8f-9wx6",
"modified": "2024-01-04T12:30:20Z",
"published": "2024-01-04T12:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/en-us/support-documentation/cybersecurity/shsa-688797"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P8W2-9CMV-C9GC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 21:30
VLAI
Details
InDesign Desktop versions ID18.5.3, ID19.5 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49507"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T21:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "InDesign Desktop versions ID18.5.3, ID19.5 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-p8w2-9cmv-c9gc",
"modified": "2024-11-12T21:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-11-12T21:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49507"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/indesign/apsb24-88.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.