CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JXW2-JVXF-5VRP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-17 21:30 – Updated: 2025-07-02 14:40Databricks JDBC Driver 2.x before 2.6.40 could potentially allow remote code execution (RCE) by triggering a JNDI injection via a JDBC URL parameter. The vulnerability is rooted in the improper handling of the krbJAASFile parameter. An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability to achieve Remote Code Execution in the context of the driver by tricking a victim into using a crafted connection URL that uses the property krbJAASFile.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.databricks:databricks-jdbc"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.40"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49194"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-12-18T19:49:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-17T20:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Databricks JDBC Driver 2.x before 2.6.40 could potentially allow remote code execution (RCE) by triggering a JNDI injection via a JDBC URL parameter. The vulnerability is rooted in the improper handling of the krbJAASFile parameter. An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability to achieve Remote Code Execution in the context of the driver by tricking a victim into using a crafted connection URL that uses the property krbJAASFile.",
"id": "GHSA-jxw2-jvxf-5vrp",
"modified": "2025-07-02T14:40:48Z",
"published": "2024-12-17T21:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49194"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/databricks/databricks-jdbc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://kb.databricks.com/en_US/data-sources/security-bulletin-databricks-jdbc-driver-vulnerability-advisory-cve-2024-49194"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Databricks JDBC Driver Command Injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-M236-M26P-5CQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:47An issue was discovered on D-Link DIR-818LW devices from 2.05.B03 to 2.06B01 BETA. There is a command injection in HNAP1 SetWanSettings via an XML injection of the value of the IPAddress key.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12786"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-10T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on D-Link DIR-818LW devices from 2.05.B03 to 2.06B01 BETA. There is a command injection in HNAP1 SetWanSettings via an XML injection of the value of the IPAddress key.",
"id": "GHSA-m236-m26p-5cqr",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:47:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TeamSeri0us/pocs/blob/master/iot/dlink/dir818-protected.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M24Q-G9RQ-H53G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-12 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-12 21:31Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, versions prior to 10.6.1.0, contain an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46428"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-12T20:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, versions prior to 10.6.1.0, contain an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-m24q-g9rq-h53g",
"modified": "2025-11-12T21:31:08Z",
"published": "2025-11-12T21:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000391062/dsa-2025-407-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M252-H4RM-HQFR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-20 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-20 21:30A vulnerability was found in Linksys FGW3000-AH and FGW3000-HK up to 1.0.17.000000 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function sub_4153FC of the file /cgi-bin/sysconf.cgi of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument supplicant_rnd_id_en leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4999"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-20T21:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Linksys FGW3000-AH and FGW3000-HK up to 1.0.17.000000 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function sub_4153FC of the file /cgi-bin/sysconf.cgi of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument supplicant_rnd_id_en leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-m252-h4rm-hqfr",
"modified": "2025-05-20T21:30:44Z",
"published": "2025-05-20T21:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4999"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CH13hh/tmp_store_cc/blob/main/FGW3000/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.309650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.565909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linksys.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M27W-5XF6-X4R2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:35There is a command injection vulnerability in the Netgear R6250 router with Firmware Version 1.0.4.48. If an attacker gains web management privileges, they can inject commands into the post request parameters, thereby gaining shell privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33532"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-06T14:15:12Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "There is a command injection vulnerability in the Netgear R6250 router with Firmware Version 1.0.4.48. If an attacker gains web management privileges, they can inject commands into the post request parameters, thereby gaining shell privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-m27w-5xf6-x4r2",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:35:54Z",
"published": "2023-06-06T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/Netgear/CVE-2023-33532/Netgear_R6250_RCE.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://netgear.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M27X-M5C5-4G53
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-05 00:31 – Updated: 2025-12-05 00:31The WatchGuard Mobile VPN with SSL Client on Windows allows a locally authenticated non-administrative Windows user to escalate their privileges to NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM on the Windows machine where the VPN Client is installed.This issue affects the Mobile VPN with SSL Client 12.0 up to and including 12.11.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-04T22:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WatchGuard Mobile VPN with SSL Client on Windows allows a locally \nauthenticated non-administrative Windows user to escalate their \nprivileges to NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM on the Windows machine where the VPN \nClient is installed.This issue affects the Mobile VPN with SSL Client 12.0 up to and including 12.11.2.",
"id": "GHSA-m27x-m5c5-4g53",
"modified": "2025-12-05T00:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-12-05T00:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2025-00008"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M2CW-H5P2-HJPQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-18 00:01Embedded web server command injection vulnerability in Lexmark devices through 2021-12-07.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44735"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-20T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Embedded web server command injection vulnerability in Lexmark devices through 2021-12-07.",
"id": "GHSA-m2cw-h5p2-hjpq",
"modified": "2022-03-18T00:01:39Z",
"published": "2022-01-21T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.lexmark.com/alerts"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-326"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-330"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M2FC-9H5M-29CM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-12 07:52The package @acrontum/filesystem-template before 0.0.2 is vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Injection due to the fetchRepo API missing sanitization of the href field of external input.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@acrontum/filesystem-template"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21186"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-11T17:20:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-05T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The package @acrontum/filesystem-template before 0.0.2 is vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Injection due to the fetchRepo API missing sanitization of the href field of external input.",
"id": "GHSA-m2fc-9h5m-29cm",
"modified": "2022-08-12T07:52:50Z",
"published": "2022-08-06T00:00:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/acrontum/filesystem-template/issues/13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/acrontum/filesystem-template/pull/14/commits/baeb727b60991ad82d9e63ac660883793abc0acc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/acrontum/filesystem-template/commit/baeb727b60991ad82d9e63ac660883793abc0acc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/acrontum/filesystem-template"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-ACRONTUMFILESYSTEMTEMPLATE-2419071"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@acrontum/filesystem-template vulnerable to Command Injection due to fetchRepo API missing sanitization"
}
GHSA-M2GF-X3F6-8HQ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-08 18:16 – Updated: 2025-10-08 18:16Summary
Deno versions up to 2.5.1 are vulnerable to Command Line Injection attacks on Windows when batch files are executed.
Details
In Windows, CreateProcess() always implicitly spawns cmd.exe if a batch file (.bat, .cmd, etc.) is being executed even if the application does not specify it via the command line. This makes Deno vulnerable to a command injection attack on Windows as demonstrated by the two proves-of-concept below.
PoC
Using node:child_process (with the env and run permissions):
const { spawn } = require('node:child_process');
const child = spawn('./test.bat', ['&calc.exe']);
Using Deno.Command.spawn() (with the run permission):
const command = new Deno.Command('./test.bat', {
args: ['&calc.exe'],
});
const child = command.spawn();
Impact
Both of these scripts result in opening calc.exe on Windows, thus allowing a Command Line Injection attack when user-provided arguments are passed if the script being executed by the child process is a batch script.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "deno"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-61787"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-08T18:16:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-08T02:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nDeno versions up to 2.5.1 are vulnerable to Command Line Injection attacks on Windows when batch files are executed.\n\n### Details\nIn Windows, ``CreateProcess()`` always implicitly spawns ``cmd.exe`` if a batch file (.bat, .cmd, etc.) is being executed even if the application does not specify it via the command line. This makes Deno vulnerable to a command injection attack on Windows as demonstrated by the two proves-of-concept below.\n\n### PoC\nUsing `node:child_process` (with the `env` and `run` permissions):\n```JS\nconst { spawn } = require(\u0027node:child_process\u0027);\nconst child = spawn(\u0027./test.bat\u0027, [\u0027\u0026calc.exe\u0027]);\n```\nUsing `Deno.Command.spawn()` (with the `run` permission):\n```JS\nconst command = new Deno.Command(\u0027./test.bat\u0027, {\n args: [\u0027\u0026calc.exe\u0027],\n});\nconst child = command.spawn();\n```\n\n### Impact\nBoth of these scripts result in opening calc.exe on Windows, thus allowing a Command Line Injection attack when user-provided arguments are passed if the script being executed by the child process is a batch script.",
"id": "GHSA-m2gf-x3f6-8hq3",
"modified": "2025-10-08T18:16:24Z",
"published": "2025-10-08T18:16:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/security/advisories/GHSA-m2gf-x3f6-8hq3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/pull/30818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/commit/8a0990ccd37bafd8768176ca64b906ba2da2d822"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/releases/tag/v2.2.15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/releases/tag/v2.5.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Deno is Vulnerable to Command Injection on Windows During Batch File Execution"
}
GHSA-M2GM-4VG9-PCC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32In the manim plugin of binary-husky/gpt_academic, versions prior to the fix, a vulnerability exists due to improper handling of user-provided prompts. The root cause is the execution of untrusted code generated by the LLM without a proper sandbox. This allows an attacker to perform remote code execution (RCE) on the app backend server by injecting malicious code through the prompt.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10954"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the `manim` plugin of binary-husky/gpt_academic, versions prior to the fix, a vulnerability exists due to improper handling of user-provided prompts. The root cause is the execution of untrusted code generated by the LLM without a proper sandbox. This allows an attacker to perform remote code execution (RCE) on the app backend server by injecting malicious code through the prompt.",
"id": "GHSA-m2gm-4vg9-pcc4",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:41Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10954"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/72d034e3-6ca2-495d-98a7-ac9565588c09"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.