CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JW2V-8HV4-C26W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-17 18:31 – Updated: 2025-03-17 18:31Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, version(s) 10.5.4.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.6.x, 10.6.0.x, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-48830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-17T17:15:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, version(s) 10.5.4.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.6.x, 10.6.0.x, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-jw2v-8hv4-c26w",
"modified": "2025-03-17T18:31:52Z",
"published": "2025-03-17T18:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000289970/dsa-2025-070-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000293638/dsa-2025-069-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000294091/dsa-2025-079-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000295014/dsa-2025-068-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW2X-9QXR-2W9W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-20 18:31A vulnerability was detected in UTT HiPER 520 1.7.7-160105. Affected is the function sub_44EFB4 of the file /goform/formReleaseConnect of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument Isp_Name results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2847"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-20T16:22:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in UTT HiPER 520 1.7.7-160105. Affected is the function sub_44EFB4 of the file /goform/formReleaseConnect of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument Isp_Name results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-jw2x-9qxr-2w9w",
"modified": "2026-02-20T18:31:39Z",
"published": "2026-02-20T18:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cha0yang1/UTT520CVE/blob/main/UTTRCE2.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.753965"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW6F-VQ48-275C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-25 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00A denial of service vulnerability exists in the web_server hashFirst functionality of Robustel R1510 3.1.16 and 3.3.0. A specially-crafted network request can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.The /action/import_cert_file/ API is affected by command injection vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35271"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-25T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A denial of service vulnerability exists in the web_server hashFirst functionality of Robustel R1510 3.1.16 and 3.3.0. A specially-crafted network request can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.The `/action/import_cert_file/` API is affected by command injection vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-jw6f-vq48-275c",
"modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-10-25T19:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1575"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW73-G5P2-F7QC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:47An issue was discovered on Wireless IP Camera (P2P) WIFICAM cameras. There is Command Injection in the set_ftp.cgi script via shell metacharacters in the pwd variable, as demonstrated by a set_ftp.cgi?svr=192.168.1.1&port=21&user=ftp URI.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-18377"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-11T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Wireless IP Camera (P2P) WIFICAM cameras. There is Command Injection in the set_ftp.cgi script via shell metacharacters in the pwd variable, as demonstrated by a set_ftp.cgi?svr=192.168.1.1\u0026port=21\u0026user=ftp URI.",
"id": "GHSA-jw73-g5p2-f7qc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:47:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-18377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2017-03-08-camera-goahead-0day.html#pre-auth-root-rce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JWFX-W2PR-WFVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:33An attacker could inject commands to delete files and/or delete the contents of a file on CX-Supervisor (Versions 3.42 and prior) through a specially crafted project file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-19013"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-22T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An attacker could inject commands to delete files and/or delete the contents of a file on CX-Supervisor (Versions 3.42 and prior) through a specially crafted project file.",
"id": "GHSA-jwfx-w2pr-wfvw",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:33:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:33:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-19013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-017-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106654"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JWGW-4H9P-RXX6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-31 15:30 – Updated: 2024-10-31 18:31DrayTek Vigor3900 1.5.1.3 allows attackers to inject malicious commands into mainfunction.cgi and execute arbitrary commands by calling the sign_cacertificate function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51254"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-31T14:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DrayTek Vigor3900 1.5.1.3 allows attackers to inject malicious commands into mainfunction.cgi and execute arbitrary commands by calling the sign_cacertificate function.",
"id": "GHSA-jwgw-4h9p-rxx6",
"modified": "2024-10-31T18:31:18Z",
"published": "2024-10-31T15:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51254"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fu37kola/cve/blob/main/DrayTek/Vigor3900/1.5.1.3/DrayTek_Vigor_3900_1.5.1.3.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JWM4-JQJJ-6V3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-02 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 15:31A security vulnerability has been detected in Tenda G103 1.0.0.5. The affected element is the function action_set_system_settings of the file system.lua of the component Setting Handler. Such manipulation of the argument lanIp leads to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5338"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-02T14:16:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Tenda G103 1.0.0.5. The affected element is the function action_set_system_settings of the file system.lua of the component Setting Handler. Such manipulation of the argument lanIp leads to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-jwm4-jqjj-6v3x",
"modified": "2026-04-02T15:31:41Z",
"published": "2026-04-02T15:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5338"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZZ2266/.github.io/tree/main/Tenda%20G103/action_set_system_settings"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/781131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354669"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354669/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenda.com.cn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JWPH-QP5H-F9WJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 20:59 – Updated: 2021-08-24 18:33An issue was discovered in the bunch crate through 2020-11-12 for Rust.
Affected versions of this crate unconditionally implements Send/Sync for Bunch<T>.
This allows users to insert T: !Sync to Bunch<T>. It is possible to create a data race to a T: !Sync by invoking the Bunch::get() API (which returns &T) from multiple threads. It is also possible to send T: !Send to other threads by inserting T inside Bunch<T> and sending Bunch<T> to another thread, allowing to create a data race by inserting types like T = Rc<_>.
Such data races can lead to memory corruption.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "bunch"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36450"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-09T21:34:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-08T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the bunch crate through 2020-11-12 for Rust. \nAffected versions of this crate unconditionally implements `Send`/`Sync` for `Bunch\u003cT\u003e`.\nThis allows users to insert `T: !Sync` to `Bunch\u003cT\u003e`. It is possible to create a data race to a `T: !Sync` by invoking the `Bunch::get()` API (which returns `\u0026T`) from multiple threads. It is also possible to send `T: !Send` to other threads by inserting `T` inside `Bunch\u003cT\u003e` and sending `Bunch\u003cT\u003e` to another thread, allowing to create a data race by inserting types like `T = Rc\u003c_\u003e`.\n\nSuch data races can lead to memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-jwph-qp5h-f9wj",
"modified": "2021-08-24T18:33:33Z",
"published": "2021-08-25T20:59:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36450"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/krl/bunch/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/krl/bunch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rustsec/advisory-db/main/crates/bunch/RUSTSEC-2020-0130.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2020-0130.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Data races in bunch"
}
GHSA-JWQ4-FQ65-VG5Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-02 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-02 21:31Operating system command injection vulnerability in AndSoft's e-TMS v25.03. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute operating system commands on the server by sending a POST request. The relationship between parameter and assigned identifier is a 'm' parameter in '/clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-02T14:15:46Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Operating system command injection vulnerability in AndSoft\u0027s e-TMS v25.03. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute operating system commands on the server by sending a POST request. The relationship between parameter and assigned identifier is a \u0027m\u0027 parameter in \u0027/clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-jwq4-fq65-vg5q",
"modified": "2025-10-02T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2025-10-02T15:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/update-24092025-multiple-vulnerabilities-andsofts-e-tms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JWX9-R723-JG9W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45566"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-jwx9-r723-jg9w",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:30Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064087/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0070"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.