CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-H4RF-624J-GJ33
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-07 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-08 17:32A command injection vulnerability in the execute_command function of terminal-controller-mcp 0.1.7 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted input.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "terminal-controller"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-61492"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-08T17:32:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-07T18:15:51Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability in the execute_command function of terminal-controller-mcp 0.1.7 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted input.",
"id": "GHSA-h4rf-624j-gj33",
"modified": "2026-01-08T17:32:50Z",
"published": "2026-01-07T18:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61492"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GongRzhe/terminal-controller-mcp/issues/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cfdude/super-shell-mcp/issues/19"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/GongRzhe/terminal-controller-mcp"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "terminal-controller-mcp vulnerable to Command Injection"
}
GHSA-H4W6-443W-Q3C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:04A Command Injection vulnerability in Edimax Wireless Router N300 Firmware BR-6428NS_v4 allows attacker to execute arbitrary code via the mp function in /bin/webs without any limitations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-12T16:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A Command Injection vulnerability in Edimax Wireless Router N300 Firmware BR-6428NS_v4 allows attacker to execute arbitrary code via the mp function in /bin/webs without any limitations.",
"id": "GHSA-h4w6-443w-q3c4",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:04:22Z",
"published": "2023-05-12T18:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Erebua/CVE/blob/main/N300_BR-6428nS%20V4/2/Readme.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H4X6-HPFF-RVC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:03It is found that there is a command injection vulnerability in the setWiFiWpsCfg interface in TOTOlink A7100RU (v7.4cu.2313_b20191024) router, which allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through a carefully constructed payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28583"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "It is found that there is a command injection vulnerability in the setWiFiWpsCfg interface in TOTOlink A7100RU (v7.4cu.2313_b20191024) router, which allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands through a carefully constructed payload.",
"id": "GHSA-h4x6-hpff-rvc4",
"modified": "2022-05-14T00:03:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-06T00:00:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28583"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/A7100RU/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H526-WF6G-67JV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-21 01:01 – Updated: 2026-01-21 17:08Impact
Arbitrary code execution in environments consuming generated clients
This issue is similar in nature to the recently-patched MCP vulnerability (CVE-2026-22785), but affects a different code path in @orval/core that was not addressed by that fix.
The vulnerability allows untrusted OpenAPI specifications to inject arbitrary TypeScript/JavaScript code into generated clients via the x-enumDescriptions field, which is embedded without proper escaping in getEnumImplementation(). I have confirmed that the injection occurs during const enum generation and results in executable code within the generated schema files.
Patches
Upgrade to Orval 8.0.2
References
An example OpenAPI showing the issue:
openapi: 3.0.4
info:
title: Enum PoC
version: "1.0.0"
paths:
/ping:
get:
operationId: ping
responses:
"200":
description: ok
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: "#/components/schemas/EvilEnum"
components:
schemas:
EvilEnum:
type: string
enum:
- PWNED
x-enumDescriptions:
- "pwned */ require('child_process').execSync('id'); /*"
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@orval/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0-rc.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@orval/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.19.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23947"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-21T01:01:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-20T01:15:57Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\nArbitrary code execution in environments consuming generated clients\n\nThis issue is similar in nature to the recently-patched MCP vulnerability (CVE-2026-22785), but affects a different code path in @orval/core that was not addressed by that fix.\n\nThe vulnerability allows untrusted OpenAPI specifications to inject arbitrary TypeScript/JavaScript code into generated clients via the x-enumDescriptions field, which is embedded without proper escaping in getEnumImplementation(). I have confirmed that the injection occurs during const enum generation and results in executable code within the generated schema files.\n\n### Patches\nUpgrade to Orval 8.0.2\n\n### References\nAn example OpenAPI showing the issue:\n\n```yaml\nopenapi: 3.0.4\ninfo:\n title: Enum PoC\n version: \"1.0.0\"\n\npaths:\n /ping:\n get:\n operationId: ping\n responses:\n \"200\":\n description: ok\n content:\n application/json:\n schema:\n $ref: \"#/components/schemas/EvilEnum\"\n\ncomponents:\n schemas:\n EvilEnum:\n type: string\n enum:\n - PWNED\n x-enumDescriptions:\n - \"pwned */ require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027id\u0027); /*\"\n```",
"id": "GHSA-h526-wf6g-67jv",
"modified": "2026-01-21T17:08:30Z",
"published": "2026-01-21T01:01:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-h526-wf6g-67jv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/9e5d93533904936678ba93b5d20f6bca176a4e1e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v7.19.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.0.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Orval has a code injection via unsanitized x-enum-descriptions in enum generation"
}
GHSA-H52J-Q63H-CW6P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:43 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:43IBM Rational Quality Manager (RQM) and Rational Collaborative Lifecycle Management 3.0.1.6 before iFix8, 4.x before 4.0.7 iFix11, 5.x before 5.0.2 iFix17, and 6.x before 6.0.1 ifix3 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via a crafted "HTML request."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-0326"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-22T03:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Rational Quality Manager (RQM) and Rational Collaborative Lifecycle Management 3.0.1.6 before iFix8, 4.x before 4.0.7 iFix11, 5.x before 5.0.2 iFix17, and 6.x before 6.0.1 ifix3 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary OS commands via a crafted \"HTML request.\"",
"id": "GHSA-h52j-q63h-cw6p",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:43:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:43:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-0326"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21989735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93824"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H534-5P7W-Q7VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-21 21:33 – Updated: 2024-11-21 21:33Linksys E3000 1.0.06.002_US is vulnerable to command injection via the diag_ping_start function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-48286"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-21T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Linksys E3000 1.0.06.002_US is vulnerable to command injection via the diag_ping_start function.",
"id": "GHSA-h534-5p7w-q7vf",
"modified": "2024-11-21T21:33:32Z",
"published": "2024-11-21T21:33:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48286"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GroundCTL2MajorTom/pocs/blob/main/Cisco_Linksys_E3000_rce.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H53W-7QW7-VH5C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-09 22:53 – Updated: 2023-06-09 22:53Issue
Snowflake was informed via our bug bounty program of a command injection vulnerability in the Snowflake NodeJS driver via SSO browser URL authentication.
Impacted driver package:
snowflake-connector-nodejs
Impacted version range:
before Version 1.6.21
Attack Scenario
In order to exploit the potential for command injection, an attacker would need to be successful in (1) establishing a malicious resource and (2) redirecting users to utilize the resource. The attacker could set up a malicious, publicly accessible server which responds to the SSO URL with an attack payload. If the attacker then tricked a user into visiting the maliciously crafted connection URL, the user’s local machine would render the malicious payload, leading to a remote code execution.
This attack scenario can be mitigated through URL whitelisting as well as common anti-phishing resources.
Solution
On April 18, 2023, Snowflake merged a patch that fixed a command injection vulnerability in the Snowflake NodeJS driver via SSO browser URL authentication. The vulnerability affected the Snowflake NodeJS driver before Version 1.6.21. We strongly recommend users upgrade to Version 1.6.21 as soon as possible via the following resources: Snowflake NodeJS Driver
Additional Information
If you discover a security vulnerability in one of our products or websites, please report the issue to HackerOne. For more information, please see our Vulnerability Disclosure Policy.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "snowflake-sdk"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34232"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-09T22:53:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-08T21:15:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Issue\nSnowflake was informed via our bug bounty program of a command injection vulnerability in the Snowflake NodeJS driver via SSO browser URL authentication.\n\n### Impacted driver package: \nsnowflake-connector-nodejs\n\n### Impacted version range: \nbefore [Version 1.6.21](https://community.snowflake.com/s/article/Node-js-Driver-Release-Notes) \n\n### Attack Scenario\nIn order to exploit the potential for command injection, an attacker would need to be successful in (1) establishing a malicious resource and (2) redirecting users to utilize the resource. The attacker could set up a malicious, publicly accessible server which responds to the SSO URL with an attack payload. If the attacker then tricked a user into visiting the maliciously crafted connection URL, the user\u2019s local machine would render the malicious payload, leading to a remote code execution. \n\nThis attack scenario can be mitigated through URL whitelisting as well as common anti-phishing resources. \n\n### Solution\nOn April 18, 2023, Snowflake merged a patch that fixed a command injection vulnerability in the Snowflake NodeJS driver via SSO browser URL authentication. The vulnerability affected the Snowflake NodeJS driver before Version 1.6.21. We strongly recommend users upgrade to Version 1.6.21 as soon as possible via the following resources: [Snowflake NodeJS Driver](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/developer-guide/node-js/nodejs-driver)\n\n### Additional Information\nIf you discover a security vulnerability in one of our products or websites, please report the issue to HackerOne. For more information, please see our [Vulnerability Disclosure Policy](https://hackerone.com/snowflake?type=team).",
"id": "GHSA-h53w-7qw7-vh5c",
"modified": "2023-06-09T22:53:51Z",
"published": "2023-06-09T22:53:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/snowflakedb/snowflake-connector-nodejs/security/advisories/GHSA-h53w-7qw7-vh5c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34232"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/snowflakedb/snowflake-connector-nodejs/pull/465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/snowflakedb/snowflake-connector-nodejs/commit/0c9622ae12cd7d627df404b73a783b4a5f60728a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.snowflake.com/s/article/Node-js-Driver-Release-Notes"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/snowflakedb/snowflake-connector-nodejs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Snowflake NodeJS Driver vulnerable to Command Injection"
}
GHSA-H548-8JQ3-V4VQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:49The api/ZRIptv/setIptvInfo interface in China Mobile An Lianbao WF-1 router 1.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the iptv_vlan parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-30233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-29T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The api/ZRIptv/setIptvInfo interface in China Mobile An Lianbao WF-1 router 1.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the iptv_vlan parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-h548-8jq3-v4vq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:49:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:49:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pokerfacett/MY_REQUEST/blob/master/China%20Mobile%20An%20Lianbao%20WF-1%20router%20Command%20Injection8.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2021-03520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://iot.10086.cn/?l=en-us"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H5FH-Q8GG-2C8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-09 00:30 – Updated: 2026-02-09 00:30A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DI-7100G C1 24.04.18D1. Affected by this issue is the function set_jhttpd_info. Performing a manipulation of the argument usb_username results in command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-08T23:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DI-7100G C1 24.04.18D1. Affected by this issue is the function set_jhttpd_info. Performing a manipulation of the argument usb_username results in command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible.",
"id": "GHSA-h5fh-q8gg-2c8w",
"modified": "2026-02-09T00:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-02-09T00:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/glkfc/IoT-Vulnerability/blob/main/D-Link/Dlink_4.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.749803"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-H5M8-2J4H-7JJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-16 15:30 – Updated: 2023-02-24 21:30TOTOlink A7100RU(V7.4cu.2313_B20191024) was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the city parameter at setting/delStaticDhcpRules.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24238"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-16T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOlink A7100RU(V7.4cu.2313_B20191024) was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the city parameter at setting/delStaticDhcpRules.",
"id": "GHSA-h5m8-2j4h-7jj8",
"modified": "2023-02-24T21:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-02-16T15:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Am1ngl/ttt/tree/main/20"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.