CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4R8R-M45W-C7CJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-09 06:30 – Updated: 2026-02-09 06:30A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DCS-933L up to 1.14.11. This affects an unknown function of the file /setSystemAdmin of the component alphapd. This manipulation of the argument AdminID causes command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2218"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-09T06:16:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DCS-933L up to 1.14.11. This affects an unknown function of the file /setSystemAdmin of the component alphapd. This manipulation of the argument AdminID causes command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-4r8r-m45w-c7cj",
"modified": "2026-02-09T06:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-02-09T06:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jinhao118/cve/blob/main/D-Link%20DCS933L_v1.14.11.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jinhao118/cve/blob/main/D-Link%20DCS933L_v1.14.11.md#poc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344936"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344936"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.753247"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4RC3-56Q2-QPP2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-14 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-22 15:30D-Link DIR-3040 device with firmware 120B03 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the SetTriggerLEDBlink function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44832"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-14T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-3040 device with firmware 120B03 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the SetTriggerLEDBlink function.",
"id": "GHSA-4rc3-56q2-qpp2",
"modified": "2025-04-22T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2022-12-14T15:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44832"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/flamingo1616/iot_vuln/blob/main/D-Link/DIR-3040/6.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4RG7-J3G7-39CF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:35An issue was discovered on V-SOL V1600D V2.03.69 and V2.03.57, V1600D4L V1.01.49, V1600D-MINI V1.01.48, V1600G1 V2.0.7 and V1.9.7, and V1600G2 V1.1.4 OLT devices. Command injection can occur in "upload tftp syslog" and "upload tftp configuration" in the CLI via a crafted filename.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-29381"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-29T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on V-SOL V1600D V2.03.69 and V2.03.57, V1600D4L V1.01.49, V1600D-MINI V1.01.48, V1600G1 V2.0.7 and V1.9.7, and V1600G2 V1.1.4 OLT devices. Command injection can occur in \"upload tftp syslog\" and \"upload tftp configuration\" in the CLI via a crafted filename.",
"id": "GHSA-4rg7-j3g7-39cf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:35:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Jul/14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4RHM-M2FP-HX7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-06-03 21:58 – Updated: 2021-03-04 18:26Impact
Any users with the ability to modify any data that could eventually be exported as a CSV file from the ImportExportController could potentially introduce a CSV injection into the data to cause the generated CSV export file to be malicious. This requires attackers to achieve the following before a successful attack can be completed:
- Have found a vulnerability in the victim's spreadsheet software of choice.
- Control data that would potentially be exported through the
ImportExportControllerby a theoretical victim. - Convince the victim to export above data as a CSV and run it in vulnerable spreadsheet software while also bypassing any sanity checks by said software.
Patches
Issue has been patched in Build 466 (v1.0.466).
Workarounds
Apply https://github.com/octobercms/library/commit/c84bf03f506052c848f2fddc05f24be631427a1a & https://github.com/octobercms/october/commit/802d8c8e09a2b342649393edb6d3ceb958851484 to your installation manually if unable to upgrade to Build 466.
References
Reported by @chrisvidal initially & Sivanesh Ashok later.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Email us at hello@octobercms.com
Threat assessment:
Given the number of hoops that a potential attacker would have to jump through, this vulnerability really boils down to the possibility of abusing the trust that a user may have in the export functionality of the project. Thus, this has been rated low severity as it requires vulnerabilities to also exist in other software used by any potential victims as well as successful social engineering attacks.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "october/backend"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.319"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.466"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-5299"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-03T21:26:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-03T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAny users with the ability to modify any data that could eventually be exported as a CSV file from the `ImportExportController` could potentially introduce a CSV injection into the data to cause the generated CSV export file to be malicious. This requires attackers to achieve the following before a successful attack can be completed: \n\n1. Have found a vulnerability in the victim\u0027s spreadsheet software of choice.\n2. Control data that would potentially be exported through the `ImportExportController` by a theoretical victim.\n3. Convince the victim to export above data as a CSV and run it in vulnerable spreadsheet software while also bypassing any sanity checks by said software.\n\n### Patches\nIssue has been patched in Build 466 (v1.0.466).\n\n### Workarounds\nApply https://github.com/octobercms/library/commit/c84bf03f506052c848f2fddc05f24be631427a1a \u0026 https://github.com/octobercms/october/commit/802d8c8e09a2b342649393edb6d3ceb958851484 to your installation manually if unable to upgrade to Build 466.\n\n### References\nReported by @chrisvidal initially \u0026 [Sivanesh Ashok](https://stazot.com/) later.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Email us at [hello@octobercms.com](mailto:hello@octobercms.com)\n\n### Threat assessment:\nGiven the number of hoops that a potential attacker would have to jump through, this vulnerability really boils down to the possibility of abusing the trust that a user may have in the export functionality of the project. Thus, this has been rated low severity as it requires vulnerabilities to also exist in other software used by any potential victims as well as successful social engineering attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-4rhm-m2fp-hx7q",
"modified": "2021-03-04T18:26:33Z",
"published": "2020-06-03T21:58:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/october/security/advisories/GHSA-4rhm-m2fp-hx7q"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/library/commit/c84bf03f506052c848f2fddc05f24be631427a1a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/october/commit/802d8c8e09a2b342649393edb6d3ceb958851484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/158730/October-CMS-Build-465-XSS-File-Read-File-Deletion-CSV-Injection.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Aug/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Potential CSV Injection vector in OctoberCMS"
}
GHSA-4RMM-HMCX-2HG3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:25 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:38An issue was discovered in Cloud Foundry Foundation Cloud Foundry release versions prior to v245 and cf-mysql-release versions prior to v31. A command injection vulnerability was discovered in a common script used by many Cloud Foundry components. A malicious user may exploit numerous vectors to execute arbitrary commands on servers running Cloud Foundry.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6655"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-13T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Cloud Foundry Foundation Cloud Foundry release versions prior to v245 and cf-mysql-release versions prior to v31. A command injection vulnerability was discovered in a common script used by many Cloud Foundry components. A malicious user may exploit numerous vectors to execute arbitrary commands on servers running Cloud Foundry.",
"id": "GHSA-4rmm-hmcx-2hg3",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:38:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:25:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cloudfoundry.org/cve-2016-6655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93889"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4RX4-FCRW-J9P7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-30 00:00 – Updated: 2022-10-05 00:00TOTOLINK A860R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201027 was discovered to contain a command injection via the component /cgi-bin/downloadFile.cgi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40475"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-29T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK A860R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201027 was discovered to contain a command injection via the component /cgi-bin/downloadFile.cgi.",
"id": "GHSA-4rx4-fcrw-j9p7",
"modified": "2022-10-05T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-09-30T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40475"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/1759134370/iot/blob/main/TOTOLINK/A860R/6.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4V39-Q2JH-WJRW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-23 12:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:34Command Injection vulnerability in MagnusSolution magnusbilling 6.x and 7.x allows remote attackers to run arbitrary commands via unauthenticated HTTP request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30258"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-23T12:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command Injection vulnerability in MagnusSolution magnusbilling 6.x and 7.x allows remote attackers to run arbitrary commands via unauthenticated HTTP request.",
"id": "GHSA-4v39-q2jh-wjrw",
"modified": "2025-04-16T15:34:09Z",
"published": "2023-06-23T12:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/magnussolution/magnusbilling7/commit/ccff9f6370f530cc41ef7de2e31d7590a0fdb8c3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://eldstal.se/advisories/230327-magnusbilling.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MarkLee131/awesome-web-pocs/blob/main/CVE-2023-30258.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/175672/MagnusBilling-Remote-Command-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4V3R-HQR9-69JF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-13 00:00 – Updated: 2024-09-26 14:40Nuitka 0.8.4 and prior is vulnerable to command injection. A patch is available and anticipated to be part of the 0.9 release.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.8.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Nuitka"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2054"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-23T06:44:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-12T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Nuitka 0.8.4 and prior is vulnerable to command injection. A patch is available and anticipated to be part of the `0.9` release.",
"id": "GHSA-4v3r-hqr9-69jf",
"modified": "2024-09-26T14:40:11Z",
"published": "2022-06-13T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Nuitka/Nuitka/commit/1765ffce2a9ab859853210337390de242cd80712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nuitka/nuitka/commit/09647745d7cbb6ff32f9fa948f19d5558b32bcad"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nuitka/nuitka"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/nuitka/PYSEC-2022-209.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/ea4a842c-c48c-4aae-a599-3305125c63a7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Command Injection in Nuitka"
}
GHSA-4V5P-CF5H-V9CQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 06:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 06:30Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, version(s) 10.5.6.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.4.x, 10.5.3.x, contain(s) a command injection vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49560"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T04:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, version(s) 10.5.6.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.4.x, 10.5.3.x, contain(s) a command injection vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-4v5p-cf5h-v9cq",
"modified": "2024-11-12T06:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-11-12T06:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000247217/dsa-2024-425-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4V65-XQCJ-WPGG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-21 09:30 – Updated: 2025-03-27 23:27Mattermost versions 10.4.x <= 10.4.2, 10.3.x <= 10.3.3, 9.11.x <= 9.11.8 fail to restrict command execution in archived channels, which allows authenticated users to run commands in archived channels.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.11.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.11.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"10.5.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25274"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-21T21:25:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-21T09:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 10.4.x \u003c= 10.4.2, 10.3.x \u003c= 10.3.3, 9.11.x \u003c= 9.11.8\u00a0fail to restrict command execution in archived channels, which allows authenticated users to run commands in archived channels.",
"id": "GHSA-4v65-xqcj-wpgg",
"modified": "2025-03-27T23:27:19Z",
"published": "2025-03-21T09:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25274"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost Fails to Restrict Command Execution in Archived Channels"
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.