CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4Q8Q-J6R5-H89X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-23 00:00Totolink A830R V5.9c.4729_B20191112, A3100R V4.1.2cu.5050_B20200504, A950RG V4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903, A800R V4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730, A3000RU V5.9c.5185_B20201128, and A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 were discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function setLanguageCfg, via the langType parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26206"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-15T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Totolink A830R V5.9c.4729_B20191112, A3100R V4.1.2cu.5050_B20200504, A950RG V4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903, A800R V4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730, A3000RU V5.9c.5185_B20201128, and A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 were discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function setLanguageCfg, via the langType parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-4q8q-j6r5-h89x",
"modified": "2022-03-23T00:00:42Z",
"published": "2022-03-17T00:00:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pjqwudi1/my_vuln/blob/main/totolink/vuln_27/27.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4Q8X-QFXW-4FG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-28 18:30 – Updated: 2026-07-09 15:31A vulnerability was found in Ubiquiti EdgeRouter X up to 2.0.9-hotfix.6. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument dpi leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-227652.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-28T16:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Ubiquiti EdgeRouter X up to 2.0.9-hotfix.6. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument dpi leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-227652.",
"id": "GHSA-4q8x-qfxw-4fg4",
"modified": "2026-07-09T15:31:50Z",
"published": "2023-04-28T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/leetsun/IoT/tree/main/EdgeRouterX/CI/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.227652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.227652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2023-2376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/114078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/227652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/227652/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QCC-RFPP-J5R4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-19 21:30 – Updated: 2026-03-19 21:30Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24299"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-19T21:17:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-4qcc-rfpp-j5r4",
"modified": "2026-03-19T21:30:24Z",
"published": "2026-03-19T21:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-24299"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QHJ-JMX7-8MR8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-22 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-22 21:30Directory Traversal vulnerability in forkosh Mime Tex before v.1.77 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted file upload
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-40445"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-22T14:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Directory Traversal vulnerability in forkosh Mime Tex before v.1.77 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted file upload",
"id": "GHSA-4qhj-jmx7-8mr8",
"modified": "2025-04-22T21:30:43Z",
"published": "2025-04-22T15:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Oefenweb/mimetex/blob/master/mimetex.c#L12414-L12423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TaiYou-TW/CVE-2024-40445_CVE-2024-40446"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://youtu.be/OII16TteaJw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://youtu.be/W2KPHFNfgrg"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QM7-PR27-68GM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:06D-Link device DIR_882 DIR_882_FW1.30B06_Hotfix_02 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the LocalIPAddress parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted HNAP1 POST request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link device DIR_882 DIR_882_FW1.30B06_Hotfix_02 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the LocalIPAddress parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted HNAP1 POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-4qm7-pr27-68gm",
"modified": "2022-03-17T00:06:02Z",
"published": "2022-02-09T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pjqwudi/my_vuln/blob/main/D-link/vuln_4/4.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QQC-MP5F-CCV4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-02 15:05 – Updated: 2020-09-02 15:04Versions of bestzip prior to 2.1.7 are vulnerable to Command Injection. The package fails to sanitize input rules and passes it directly to an exec call on the zip function . This may allow attackers to execute arbitrary code in the system as long as the values of destination is user-controlled. This only affects users with a native zip command available. The following examples demonstrate the issue from the CLI and also programatically:
- bestzip test.zip 'sourcefile; mkdir folder'
- zip({ source: 'sourcefile', destination: './test.zip; mkdir folder' })
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "bestzip"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-09-02T15:04:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Versions of `bestzip` prior to 2.1.7 are vulnerable to Command Injection. The package fails to sanitize input rules and passes it directly to an `exec` call on the `zip` function . This may allow attackers to execute arbitrary code in the system as long as the values of `destination` is user-controlled. This only affects users with a native `zip` command available. The following examples demonstrate the issue from the CLI and also programatically:\n- `bestzip test.zip \u0027sourcefile; mkdir folder\u0027`\n- `zip({ source: \u0027sourcefile\u0027, destination: \u0027./test.zip; mkdir folder\u0027 })`",
"id": "GHSA-4qqc-mp5f-ccv4",
"modified": "2020-09-02T15:04:08Z",
"published": "2020-09-02T15:05:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1554"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Command Injection in bestzip"
}
GHSA-4QQX-G5V3-6FMX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-05 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-11 21:30A vulnerability was found in eprintsug ulcc-core. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file cgi/toolbox/toolbox. The manipulation of the argument password leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The name of the patch is 811edaae81eb044891594f00062a828f51b22cb1. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217447.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-4304"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-05T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in eprintsug ulcc-core. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file cgi/toolbox/toolbox. The manipulation of the argument password leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The name of the patch is 811edaae81eb044891594f00062a828f51b22cb1. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217447.",
"id": "GHSA-4qqx-g5v3-6fmx",
"modified": "2023-01-11T21:30:42Z",
"published": "2023-01-05T12:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eprintsug/ulcc-core/commit/811edaae81eb044891594f00062a828f51b22cb1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217447"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.217447"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4QW8-PGPR-P9MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-07 22:56 – Updated: 2023-11-27 21:44bash command injection vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin allows an attacker to inject system commands into Spark interpreter settings. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin Apache Zeppelin version 0.9.0 and prior versions.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.zeppelin:zeppelin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.10.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10095"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-03T20:16:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-02T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "bash command injection vulnerability in Apache Zeppelin allows an attacker to inject system commands into Spark interpreter settings. This issue affects Apache Zeppelin Apache Zeppelin version 0.9.0 and prior versions.",
"id": "GHSA-4qw8-pgpr-p9mq",
"modified": "2023-11-27T21:44:31Z",
"published": "2021-09-07T22:56:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10095"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/zeppelin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd56389ba9cab30a6c976b9a4a6df0f85cbe8fba6a60a3cf6e3ba716b%40%3Cusers.zeppelin.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd56389ba9cab30a6c976b9a4a6df0f85cbe8fba6a60a3cf6e3ba716b@%3Cusers.zeppelin.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rdf06e8423833b3daadc30c56a2ff47c48920864d5199476daa897208%40%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rdf06e8423833b3daadc30c56a2ff47c48920864d5199476daa897208%40%3Cusers.zeppelin.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rdf06e8423833b3daadc30c56a2ff47c48920864d5199476daa897208@%3Cannounce.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rdf06e8423833b3daadc30c56a2ff47c48920864d5199476daa897208@%3Cusers.zeppelin.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/09/02/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Bash command injection in Apache Zeppelin"
}
GHSA-4QWQ-Q4PR-RR7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-02 15:42 – Updated: 2022-05-04 03:45aaptjs is a node wraper for aapt. An issue was discovered in the packageCmd function in shenzhim aaptjs 1.3.1, allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via the filePath parameters.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "aaptjs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36378"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-11-01T19:24:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-31T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "aaptjs is a node wraper for aapt. An issue was discovered in the packageCmd function in shenzhim aaptjs 1.3.1, allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via the filePath parameters.",
"id": "GHSA-4qwq-q4pr-rr7r",
"modified": "2022-05-04T03:45:26Z",
"published": "2021-11-02T15:42:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shenzhim/aaptjs/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/shenzhim/aaptjs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Vulnerability in packageCmd function leads to arbitrary code execution via filePath parameters"
}
GHSA-4QXG-Q4H5-WPQ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-02 15:30 – Updated: 2023-02-09 21:30A vulnerability classified as critical was found in dst-admin 1.5.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /home/cavesConsole. The manipulation of the argument command leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-220033 was assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0646"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-02T15:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in dst-admin 1.5.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /home/cavesConsole. The manipulation of the argument command leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-220033 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-4qxg-q4h5-wpq2",
"modified": "2023-02-09T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-02-02T15:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Ha0Liu/cveAdd/tree/developer/dst-admin%201.5.0%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%B0cavesConsole%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.220033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.220033"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.