CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3QR5-H7W4-3GX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:15 – Updated: 2024-09-20 16:27An issue was discovered in Donfig 0.3.0. There is a vulnerability in the collect_yaml method in config_obj.py. It can execute arbitrary Python commands, resulting in command execution.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.3.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "donfig"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-7537"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-19T19:52:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-21T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Donfig 0.3.0. There is a vulnerability in the `collect_yaml` method in `config_obj.py`. It can execute arbitrary Python commands, resulting in command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-3qr5-h7w4-3gx3",
"modified": "2024-09-20T16:27:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:15:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7537"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pytroll/donfig/issues/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pytroll/donfig/commit/1f9dbf83b17419a06d63c14ef3fbd29dbc1b8ce5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/donfig/PYSEC-2019-21.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pytroll/donfig"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pytroll/donfig/commits/master"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Donfig Command Injection in collect_yaml method"
}
GHSA-3QW9-7WG6-QFF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:58An issue in COMFAST CF-XR11 v.2.7.2 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the ifname and mac parameters in the sub_410074 function at bin/webmgnt.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38863"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-15T19:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in COMFAST CF-XR11 v.2.7.2 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the ifname and mac parameters in the sub_410074 function at bin/webmgnt.",
"id": "GHSA-3qw9-7wg6-qff3",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:58:10Z",
"published": "2023-08-15T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38863"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TTY-flag/my_iot_vul/tree/main/COMFAST/CF-XR11/Command_Inject4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3R45-9M8Q-2CCH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-09 21:30 – Updated: 2023-02-16 21:30A command injection vulnerability exists in Jitsi before commit 8aa7be58522f4264078d54752aae5483bfd854b2 when launching browsers on Windows which could allow an attacker to insert an arbitrary URL which opens up the opportunity to remote execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43550"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-09T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in Jitsi before commit 8aa7be58522f4264078d54752aae5483bfd854b2 when launching browsers on Windows which could allow an attacker to insert an arbitrary URL which opens up the opportunity to remote execution.",
"id": "GHSA-3r45-9m8q-2cch",
"modified": "2023-02-16T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-02-09T21:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jitsi/jitsi/commit/8aa7be58522f4264078d54752aae5483bfd854b2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3R52-H47W-2P2J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-14 18:31A command injection vulnerability exists in the D-Link DIR-882 Router firmware DIR882A1_FW102B02 within the prog.cgi and librcm.so binaries. The sub_4455BC function in prog.cgi stores user-supplied SetDMZSettings/IPAddress values in NVRAM via nvram_safe_set("dmz_ipaddr", ...). These values are later retrieved in the DMZ_run function of librcm.so using nvram_safe_get and concatenated into iptables shell commands executed via twsystem() without any sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device through specially crafted HTTP requests to the router's web interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60700"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T18:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in the D-Link DIR-882 Router firmware DIR882A1_FW102B02 within the `prog.cgi` and `librcm.so` binaries. The `sub_4455BC` function in `prog.cgi` stores user-supplied `SetDMZSettings/IPAddress` values in NVRAM via `nvram_safe_set(\"dmz_ipaddr\", ...)`. These values are later retrieved in the `DMZ_run` function of `librcm.so` using `nvram_safe_get` and concatenated into `iptables` shell commands executed via `twsystem()` without any sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the device through specially crafted HTTP requests to the router\u0027s web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-3r52-h47w-2p2j",
"modified": "2025-11-14T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T18:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/DLink/DLink-DIR-882/3.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/DLink/DLink-DIR-882/CVE-2025-60700.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3R8X-5VG6-C44W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:28 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:28Command Injection vulnerability in the web interface in McAfee Advanced Threat Defense (ATD) 3.10, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4 allows remote authenticated users to execute a command of their choice via a crafted HTTP request parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-4054"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-12T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Command Injection vulnerability in the web interface in McAfee Advanced Threat Defense (ATD) 3.10, 3.8, 3.6, 3.4 allows remote authenticated users to execute a command of their choice via a crafted HTTP request parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-3r8x-5vg6-c44w",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:28:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:28:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-4054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99559"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RP3-24HQ-749R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-16 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-17 12:32The Delta Electronics DVW-W02W2-E2 devices expose a web administration interface to users. This interface implements two features (access control lists management, WPS pin setup) that are affected by command injections and stack overflows vulnerabilities. Successful exploitation of these flaws would allow remote authenticated attackers to gain remote command execution with elevated privileges on the affected devices.
This issue affects DVW-W02W2-E2 through version 2.5.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3871"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-16T09:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Delta Electronics DVW-W02W2-E2 devices expose a web administration interface to users. This interface implements two features\u00a0(access control lists management, WPS pin setup) that are affected by command injections and stack overflows vulnerabilities.\nSuccessful exploitation of these flaws would allow remote authenticated attackers to gain remote command execution with\u00a0elevated privileges on the affected devices.\n\nThis issue affects DVW-W02W2-E2 through version 2.5.2.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-3rp3-24hq-749r",
"modified": "2024-04-17T12:32:02Z",
"published": "2024-04-16T09:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://onekey.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RPW-C8RG-P3F5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-29 15:32 – Updated: 2024-10-29 15:32Command injection vulnerability in the Edge Computing UI for the TRO600 series radios that allows for the execution of arbitrary system commands. If exploited, an attacker with write access to the web UI can execute commands on the device with root privileges, far more extensive than what the write privilege intends.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41153"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-29T13:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Command injection vulnerability in the Edge Computing UI for the\nTRO600 series radios that allows for the execution of arbitrary system commands. If exploited, an attacker with write access to the\nweb UI can execute commands on the device with root privileges,\nfar more extensive than what the write privilege intends.",
"id": "GHSA-3rpw-c8rg-p3f5",
"modified": "2024-10-29T15:32:04Z",
"published": "2024-10-29T15:32:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://publisher.hitachienergy.com/preview?DocumentID=8DBD000147\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RQF-VGWX-39XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-19 06:30 – Updated: 2024-10-19 06:30The add_llm function in llm_app.py in infiniflow/ragflow version 0.11.0 contains a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability. The function uses user-supplied input req['llm_factory'] and req['llm_name'] to dynamically instantiate classes from various model dictionaries. This approach allows an attacker to potentially execute arbitrary code due to the lack of comprehensive input validation or sanitization. An attacker could provide a malicious value for 'llm_factory' that, when used as an index to these model dictionaries, results in the execution of arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10131"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-19T04:15:05Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The `add_llm` function in `llm_app.py` in infiniflow/ragflow version 0.11.0 contains a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability. The function uses user-supplied input `req[\u0027llm_factory\u0027]` and `req[\u0027llm_name\u0027]` to dynamically instantiate classes from various model dictionaries. This approach allows an attacker to potentially execute arbitrary code due to the lack of comprehensive input validation or sanitization. An attacker could provide a malicious value for \u0027llm_factory\u0027 that, when used as an index to these model dictionaries, results in the execution of arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-3rqf-vgwx-39xx",
"modified": "2024-10-19T06:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-10-19T06:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/42ae0b27-e851-4b58-a991-f691a437fbaa"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RQF-WG29-9X59
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-25 21:30 – Updated: 2022-12-01 18:30TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the pass parameter in the setting/setOpenVpnCfg function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44844"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-25T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOlink A7100RU V7.4cu.2313_B20191024 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the pass parameter in the setting/setOpenVpnCfg function.",
"id": "GHSA-3rqf-wg29-9x59",
"modified": "2022-12-01T18:30:47Z",
"published": "2022-11-25T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/TOTOLink/A7100RU/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3RXP-78V9-G8CC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-18 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-27 00:01Vulnerability in Fidelis Network and Deception CommandPost enables authenticated command injection through the web interface using the “check_vertica_upgrade” value for the “cpIp” parameter. The vulnerability could allow a specially crafted HTTP request to execute system commands on the CommandPost and return results in an HTTP response via an authenticated session. The vulnerability is present in Fidelis Network and Deception versions prior to 9.4.5. Patches and updates are available to address this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24393"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-17T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in Fidelis Network and Deception CommandPost enables authenticated command injection through the web interface using the \u201ccheck_vertica_upgrade\u201d value for the \u201ccpIp\u201d parameter. The vulnerability could allow a specially crafted HTTP request to execute system commands on the CommandPost and return results in an HTTP response via an authenticated session. The vulnerability is present in Fidelis Network and Deception versions prior to 9.4.5. Patches and updates are available to address this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-3rxp-78v9-g8cc",
"modified": "2022-05-27T00:01:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-18T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fidelissecurity.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/6211730139411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.