CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3V4J-7FGR-FP96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 15:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31TRENDnet TEW-632BRP v1.010B31 devices have an OS command injection vulnerability in the CGl interface "ntp_sync.cgi",which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via parameter "ntp_server" passed to the "ntp_sync.cgi" binary through a POST request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-57590"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T15:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TRENDnet TEW-632BRP v1.010B31 devices have an OS command injection vulnerability in the CGl interface \"ntp_sync.cgi\",which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via parameter \"ntp_server\" passed to the \"ntp_sync.cgi\" binary through a POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-3v4j-7fgr-fp96",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T15:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/IdaJea/IOT_vuln_1/blob/master/tew632/ntp_sync.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3V5J-FCWV-G4WV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 06:30 – Updated: 2024-10-09 18:31Custom Twitter Feeds WordPress plugin before 2.2.3 is not filtering some of its settings allowing high privilege users to inject scripts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T06:15:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Custom Twitter Feeds WordPress plugin before 2.2.3 is not filtering some of its settings allowing high privilege users to inject scripts.",
"id": "GHSA-3v5j-fcwv-g4wv",
"modified": "2024-10-09T18:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-10-08T06:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/29194dde-8d11-4096-a5ae-1d69c2c5dc33"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3V74-7FXR-9P4J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-23 12:31 – Updated: 2025-05-23 12:31A vulnerability was found in Fujian Kelixun 1.0. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /app/fax/fax_view.php of the component Filename Handler. The manipulation of the argument fax_file leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5106"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-23T12:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Fujian Kelixun 1.0. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /app/fax/fax_view.php of the component Filename Handler. The manipulation of the argument fax_file leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-3v74-7fxr-9p4j",
"modified": "2025-05-23T12:31:22Z",
"published": "2025-05-23T12:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/byxs0x0/SQL/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.310083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.569404"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3V78-X6P4-8R93
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-14 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in MarketingFire Widget Options allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Widget Options: from n/a through 4.1.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-22630"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-14T07:15:32Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability in MarketingFire Widget Options allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Widget Options: from n/a through 4.1.0.",
"id": "GHSA-3v78-x6p4-8r93",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:37Z",
"published": "2025-02-14T09:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22630"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/widget-options/vulnerability/wordpress-widget-options-plugin-4-1-0-arbitrary-code-execution-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3V8C-432M-393W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32A command injection vulnerability exists in Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R11.4 allows a remote authenticated attacker to perform remote code execution via Windows Resource Profiles Feature
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-27T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R11.4 allows a remote authenticated attacker to perform remote code execution via Windows Resource Profiles Feature",
"id": "GHSA-3v8c-432m-393w",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44784/?kA23Z000000boUWSAY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-22899"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3VMQ-HG3M-F8QQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-15 18:30Oinone Pamirs 7.0.0 contains a command injection vulnerability in CommandHelper.executeCommands. The method starts a shell process and writes attacker-controlled command strings directly to the process standard input without sanitization. In affected deployments, this can result in arbitrary operating system command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39054"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T15:16:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Oinone Pamirs 7.0.0 contains a command injection vulnerability in CommandHelper.executeCommands. The method starts a shell process and writes attacker-controlled command strings directly to the process standard input without sanitization. In affected deployments, this can result in arbitrary operating system command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-3vmq-hg3m-f8qq",
"modified": "2026-05-15T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2026-05-15T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Misakim1/859c3eb9ced699089ee0747dae9bedc1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oinone/oinone-pamirs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oinone.top/changelog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3VP4-M3RF-835H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-04 06:30 – Updated: 2023-05-11 14:03Versions of the package github.com/gin-gonic/gin before version 1.9.0 are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation by allowing an attacker to use a specially crafted request via the X-Forwarded-Prefix header, potentially leading to cache poisoning.
Note: Although this issue does not pose a significant threat on its own it can serve as an input vector for other more impactful vulnerabilities. However, successful exploitation may depend on the server configuration and whether the header is used in the application logic.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.9.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-05-05T02:20:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-04T05:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Versions of the package github.com/gin-gonic/gin before version 1.9.0 are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation by allowing an attacker to use a specially crafted request via the X-Forwarded-Prefix header, potentially leading to cache poisoning.\n\n**Note:** Although this issue does not pose a significant threat on its own it can serve as an input vector for other more impactful vulnerabilities. However, successful exploitation may depend on the server configuration and whether the header is used in the application logic.",
"id": "GHSA-3vp4-m3rf-835h",
"modified": "2023-05-11T14:03:52Z",
"published": "2023-05-04T06:30:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/pull/3503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/t0rchwo0d/gin/commit/fd9f98e70fb4107ee68c783482d231d35e60507b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/releases/tag/v1.9.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-GOLANG-GITHUBCOMGINGONICGIN-3324285"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper input validation in github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
}
GHSA-3VP5-85FP-RW6X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-16 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-22 03:30A vulnerability in the web management interface of the Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied parameters for certain API endpoints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to an affected API endpoint. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with low system privileges. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid credentials for a user with Device permissions: by default, only Administrators, Security Approvers and Network Admins user accounts have these permissions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20926"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web management interface of the Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied parameters for certain API endpoints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to an affected API endpoint. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with low system privileges. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid credentials for a user with Device permissions: by default, only Administrators, Security Approvers and Network Admins user accounts have these permissions.",
"id": "GHSA-3vp5-85fp-rw6x",
"modified": "2022-11-22T03:30:59Z",
"published": "2022-11-16T12:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc-cmd-inj-Z3B5MY35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc-cmd-inj-Z3B5MY35"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3W56-RXQ6-73QF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2022-08-06 00:00Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands that are executed with root privileges. The vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to a targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on an affected device. Cisco has not released software updates that address these vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-13T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands that are executed with root privileges. The vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to a targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on an affected device. Cisco has not released software updates that address these vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-3w56-rxq6-73qf",
"modified": "2022-08-06T00:00:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-rv-command-inject-LBdQ2KRN"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3W5R-3HP5-3V3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 18:36 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IMC could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with admin-level privileges to perform command injection attacks on an affected system and execute arbitrary commands as the root user.
This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted commands to the web-based management interface of the affected software. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as the root user. Cisco has assigned this vulnerability a Security Impact Rating (SIR) of High, rather than Medium as the score indicates, because additional security implications could occur once the attacker has become root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20096"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-01T17:28:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IMC could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with admin-level privileges to perform command injection attacks on an affected system and\u0026nbsp;execute arbitrary commands as the root user.\n\nThis vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted commands to the web-based management interface of the affected software. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as the root user. Cisco has assigned this vulnerability a Security Impact Rating (SIR) of High, rather than Medium as the score indicates, because additional security implications could occur once the attacker has become root.",
"id": "GHSA-3w5r-3hp5-3v3p",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:38Z",
"published": "2026-04-01T18:36:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20096"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-cimc-cmd-inj-3hKN3bVt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.