CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-36PH-WMRQ-6HRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 00:30 – Updated: 2026-02-19 00:30A vulnerability was identified in Advantech WISE-6610 1.2.1_20251110. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/luci/admin/openvpn_apply of the component Background Management. Such manipulation of the argument delete_file leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2670"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-18T22:16:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in Advantech WISE-6610 1.2.1_20251110. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/luci/admin/openvpn_apply of the component Background Management. Such manipulation of the argument delete_file leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-36ph-wmrq-6hrj",
"modified": "2026-02-19T00:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-02-19T00:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2670"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/master-abc/cve/issues/37"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.346467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.753293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.advantech.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-36QV-62J7-22CF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-21 18:31 – Updated: 2025-10-17 18:31The script input feature of SpagoBI 3.5.1 allows arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54794"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-21T18:15:14Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The script input feature of SpagoBI 3.5.1 allows arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-36qv-62j7-22cf",
"modified": "2025-10-17T18:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-01-21T18:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MarioTesoro/CVE-2024-54794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MarioTesoro/vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2024-54794"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-36RP-GVH3-PG5V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-06 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects EX6120 before 1.0.0.66, EX6130 before 1.0.0.46, EX7000 before 1.0.1.106, EX7500 before 1.0.1.76, EX3700 before 1.0.0.94, EX3800 before 1.0.0.94, RBR850 before 4.6.3.9, RBS850 before 4.6.3.9, and RBK852 before 4.6.3.9.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45533"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects EX6120 before 1.0.0.66, EX6130 before 1.0.0.46, EX7000 before 1.0.1.106, EX7500 before 1.0.1.76, EX3700 before 1.0.0.94, EX3800 before 1.0.0.94, RBR850 before 4.6.3.9, RBS850 before 4.6.3.9, and RBK852 before 4.6.3.9.",
"id": "GHSA-36rp-gvh3-pg5v",
"modified": "2022-01-06T00:01:01Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45533"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064458/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-Extenders-and-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0062"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-36V3-RXV6-R759
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-27 15:30 – Updated: 2023-03-07 18:30Certain Tenda products are vulnerable to command injection. This affects Tenda CP7 Tenda CP7<=V11.10.00.2211041403 and Tenda CP3 v.10 Tenda CP3 v.10<=V20220906024_2025 and Tenda IT7-PCS Tenda IT7-PCS<=V2209020914 and Tenda IT7-LCS Tenda IT7-LCS<=V2209020914 and Tenda IT7-PRS Tenda IT7-PRS<=V2209020908.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23080"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-27T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Certain Tenda products are vulnerable to command injection. This affects Tenda CP7 Tenda CP7\u003c=V11.10.00.2211041403 and Tenda CP3 v.10 Tenda CP3 v.10\u003c=V20220906024_2025 and Tenda IT7-PCS Tenda IT7-PCS\u003c=V2209020914 and Tenda IT7-LCS Tenda IT7-LCS\u003c=V2209020914 and Tenda IT7-PRS Tenda IT7-PRS\u003c=V2209020908.",
"id": "GHSA-36v3-rxv6-r759",
"modified": "2023-03-07T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2023-02-27T15:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23080"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fxc233/iot-vul/tree/main/Tenda/IPC"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-36V8-8G3P-WX3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-05 18:32 – Updated: 2024-11-05 18:32A potential vulnerability was discovered in certain Poly video conferencing devices. The firmware flaw does not properly sanitize user input. The exploitation of this vulnerability is dependent on a layered attack and cannot be exploited by itself.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-05T17:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A potential vulnerability was discovered in certain Poly video conferencing devices. The firmware flaw does not properly sanitize user input. The exploitation of this vulnerability is dependent on a layered attack and cannot be exploited by itself.",
"id": "GHSA-36v8-8g3p-wx3p",
"modified": "2024-11-05T18:32:11Z",
"published": "2024-11-05T18:32:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_11536495-11536533-16/hpsbpy03900"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-36W5-PMJ5-PPH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-02-02 18:30An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect Photo Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated users to execute commands via a network.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Photo Station 6.4.2 ( 2023/12/15 ) and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47562"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-02T16:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect Photo Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow authenticated users to execute commands via a network.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nPhoto Station 6.4.2 ( 2023/12/15 ) and later\n",
"id": "GHSA-36w5-pmj5-pph2",
"modified": "2024-02-02T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2024-02-02T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-24-08"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-36W9-JG9Q-M4QX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:49An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-1130 devices. The device provides a user with the capability of setting a SMB folder for the video clippings recorded by the device. It seems that the POST parameters passed in this request (to test if email credentials and hostname sent to the device work properly) result in being passed as commands to a "system" API in the function and thus result in command injection on the device. If the firmware version is dissected using binwalk tool, we obtain a cramfs-root archive which contains the filesystem set up on the device that contains all the binaries. The library "libmailutils.so" is the one that has the vulnerable function "sub_1FC4" that receives the values sent by the POST request. If we open this binary in IDA-pro we will notice that this follows an ARM little endian format. The function sub_1FC4 in IDA pro is identified to be receiving the values sent in the POST request and the value set in POST parameter "receiver1" is extracted in function "sub_15AC" which is then passed to the vulnerable system API call. The vulnerable library function is accessed in "cgibox" binary at address 0x00023BCC which calls the "Send_mail" function in "libmailutils.so" binary as shown below which results in the vulnerable POST parameter being passed to the library which results in the command injection issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8411"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-02T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-1130 devices. The device provides a user with the capability of setting a SMB folder for the video clippings recorded by the device. It seems that the POST parameters passed in this request (to test if email credentials and hostname sent to the device work properly) result in being passed as commands to a \"system\" API in the function and thus result in command injection on the device. If the firmware version is dissected using binwalk tool, we obtain a cramfs-root archive which contains the filesystem set up on the device that contains all the binaries. The library \"libmailutils.so\" is the one that has the vulnerable function \"sub_1FC4\" that receives the values sent by the POST request. If we open this binary in IDA-pro we will notice that this follows an ARM little endian format. The function sub_1FC4 in IDA pro is identified to be receiving the values sent in the POST request and the value set in POST parameter \"receiver1\" is extracted in function \"sub_15AC\" which is then passed to the vulnerable system API call. The vulnerable library function is accessed in \"cgibox\" binary at address 0x00023BCC which calls the \"Send_mail\" function in \"libmailutils.so\" binary as shown below which results in the vulnerable POST parameter being passed to the library which results in the command injection issue.",
"id": "GHSA-36w9-jg9q-m4qx",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:49:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:49:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8411"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ethanhunnt/IoT_vulnerabilities/blob/master/Dlink_DCS_1130_security.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jun/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153226/Dlink-DCS-1130-Command-Injection-CSRF-Stack-Overflow.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-36X8-2J7W-8439
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:02The lack of nested page table protection in the AMD SEV/SEV-ES feature could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution within the guest VM if a malicious administrator has access to compromise the server hypervisor.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12967"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-13T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The lack of nested page table protection in the AMD SEV/SEV-ES feature could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution within the guest VM if a malicious administrator has access to compromise the server hypervisor.",
"id": "GHSA-36x8-2j7w-8439",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:02:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12967"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/corporate/product-security/bulletin/amd-sb-1004"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-372G-M38W-FC92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45588"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-372g-m38w-fc92",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:20Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064110/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0096"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-372J-76G5-G2RH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setFirewallType of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument firewallType leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T00:16:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setFirewallType of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument firewallType leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-372j-76g5-g2rh",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:37Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new2/blob/main/A8000RU/vul_339/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/813442"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365388/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.