CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2P27-JF57-W2J7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 09:30 – Updated: 2023-03-10 21:30Authenticated remote command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS web-based management interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system. This allows an attacker to fully compromise the underlying operating system on the device running ArubaOS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22759"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authenticated remote command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS web-based management interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system. This allows an attacker to fully compromise the underlying operating system on the device running ArubaOS.",
"id": "GHSA-2p27-jf57-w2j7",
"modified": "2023-03-10T21:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-03-01T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2023-002.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2P2Q-7M86-J6CH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-21 18:31 – Updated: 2025-03-03 21:30An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /file/savefile.do of MRCMS v3.1.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted .jsp file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25766"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-21T18:16:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /file/savefile.do of MRCMS v3.1.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted .jsp file.",
"id": "GHSA-2p2q-7m86-j6ch",
"modified": "2025-03-03T21:30:56Z",
"published": "2025-02-21T18:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://flowus.cn/share/7097c747-ae3e-4cef-a198-285863698607"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2P3R-9WCW-V845
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-23 18:33 – Updated: 2026-04-23 21:31An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the pppoeMtu parameter to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31164"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-23T18:16:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the pppoeMtu parameter to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi.",
"id": "GHSA-2p3r-9wcw-v845",
"modified": "2026-04-23T21:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-04-23T18:33:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Svigo-o/TOTOLINK-Vul/tree/main/totolink-a3300r-pppoe-mtu-cmd-injection"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2P42-XC4W-2GJF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:10 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:10Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects RBK40 before 2.5.1.16, RBR40 before 2.5.1.16, RBS40 before 2.5.1.16, RBK20 before 2.5.1.16, RBR20 before 2.5.1.16, RBS20 before 2.5.1.16, RBK50 before 2.5.1.16, RBR50 before 2.5.1.16, RBS50 before 2.5.1.16, and RBS50Y before 2.6.1.40.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38530"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-11T00:17:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an unauthenticated attacker. This affects RBK40 before 2.5.1.16, RBR40 before 2.5.1.16, RBS40 before 2.5.1.16, RBK20 before 2.5.1.16, RBR20 before 2.5.1.16, RBS20 before 2.5.1.16, RBK50 before 2.5.1.16, RBR50 before 2.5.1.16, RBS50 before 2.5.1.16, and RBS50Y before 2.6.1.40.",
"id": "GHSA-2p42-xc4w-2gjf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:10:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:10:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000063770/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2019-0151"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2PC5-GX8G-J846
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-06 18:31 – Updated: 2025-03-06 18:31SeaCMS v13.3 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the component admin_ip.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25802"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T15:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SeaCMS v13.3 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the component admin_ip.php.",
"id": "GHSA-2pc5-gx8g-j846",
"modified": "2025-03-06T18:31:03Z",
"published": "2025-03-06T18:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Ka7arotto/Seacms/blob/main/Seacms13.3-rce-2.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.seacms.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seacms.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2PFH-Q76X-GWVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-23 23:16 – Updated: 2024-09-06 17:47A flaw was found in Ansible, where a user's controller is vulnerable to template injection. This issue can occur through facts used in the template if the user is trying to put templates in multi-line YAML strings and the facts being handled do not routinely include special template characters. This flaw allows attackers to perform command injection, which discloses sensitive information. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality and integrity.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ansible"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.23rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ansible"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.10.0a1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.10.11rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ansible"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.11.0a1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.11.2rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3583"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-23T17:11:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-22T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Ansible, where a user\u0027s controller is vulnerable to template injection. This issue can occur through facts used in the template if the user is trying to put templates in multi-line YAML strings and the facts being handled do not routinely include special template characters. This flaw allows attackers to perform command injection, which discloses sensitive information. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality and integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-2pfh-q76x-gwvm",
"modified": "2024-09-06T17:47:39Z",
"published": "2021-09-23T23:16:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3583"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/pull/74960"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/commit/03aff644cc1c00e1f7551195c68fbd0d13a39e6e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/commit/8aa850e3573e48c9a2f12aef84e8a3a6f5ba4847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/commit/8b17e5b9229ffaecfe10a4881bc3f87dd2c184e1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1968412"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2pfh-q76x-gwvm"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/ansible/PYSEC-2021-358.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00018.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Input Validation and Command Injection in Ansible"
}
GHSA-2PHF-R2FP-PCW5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-19 00:01InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the component get_cgi_from_memory. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27268"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-10T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "InHand Networks InRouter 900 Industrial 4G Router before v1.0.0.r11700 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the component get_cgi_from_memory. This vulnerability is triggered via a crafted packet.",
"id": "GHSA-2phf-r2fp-pcw5",
"modified": "2022-04-19T00:01:28Z",
"published": "2022-04-11T00:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zJ2dGrKar-WTlYz13v1f0BIsoIm3aU0l?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wu610777031/IoT_Hunter/blob/main/Inhand%20InRouter%20900%20Industrial%204G%20Router%20%20Vulnerabilities(RCE).pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2PJ9-259F-2QVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 18:32 – Updated: 2026-04-27 18:32A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This vulnerability affects the function setNtpCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument tz results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7138"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T16:16:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This vulnerability affects the function setNtpCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument tz results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-2pj9-259f-2qvm",
"modified": "2026-04-27T18:32:08Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T18:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new2/blob/main/A8000RU/vul_313/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/801105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359737"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359737/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2PJG-X482-XWR4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-06 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-06 21:30Netgear EX8000 V1.0.0.126 is vulnerable to Command Injection via the Iface parameter in the action_wireless function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-45492"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-06T16:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Netgear EX8000 V1.0.0.126 is vulnerable to Command Injection via the Iface parameter in the action_wireless function.",
"id": "GHSA-2pjg-x482-xwr4",
"modified": "2025-05-06T21:30:48Z",
"published": "2025-05-06T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45492"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JZP018/vuln03/blob/main/netgear/EX8000/cve-netgear_EX8000_CI_action_wireless.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JZP018/vuln03/blob/main/netgear/EX8000/netgear_EX8000_CI_action_wireless.mp4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2PJM-P377-MW3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-09 06:30 – Updated: 2024-03-09 06:30A command injection vulnerability exists in local RACADM. A malicious authenticated user could gain control of the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25951"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1288",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-09T06:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in local RACADM. A malicious authenticated user could gain control of the underlying operating system.",
"id": "GHSA-2pjm-p377-mw3c",
"modified": "2024-03-09T06:30:42Z",
"published": "2024-03-09T06:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25951"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000222591/dsa-2024-089-security-update-for-dell-idrac8-local-racadm-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.