CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2HC6-PJQV-VF75
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:19 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:52A vulnerability in the web UI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject and execute arbitrary commands with administrative privileges on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input to the web UI. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting crafted input to the web UI. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with administrative privileges on an affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3219"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-03T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web UI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject and execute arbitrary commands with administrative privileges on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input to the web UI. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting crafted input to the web UI. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with administrative privileges on an affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-2hc6-pjqv-vf75",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:52:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:19:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-web-cmdinj2-fOnjk2LD"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HGH-26FM-566H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:12 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01opensysusers through 0.6 does not safely use eval on files in sysusers.d that may contain shell metacharacters. For example, it allows command execution via a crafted GECOS field whereas systemd-sysusers (a program with the same specification) does not do that.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-25T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "opensysusers through 0.6 does not safely use eval on files in sysusers.d that may contain shell metacharacters. For example, it allows command execution via a crafted GECOS field whereas systemd-sysusers (a program with the same specification) does not do that.",
"id": "GHSA-2hgh-26fm-566h",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:12:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.debian.org/992058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/artix-linux/opensysusers/releases"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HGP-33Q8-HFFF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:06D-Link device DI-7200GV2.E1 v21.04.09E1 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function upgrade_filter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the path and time parameters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46230"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link device DI-7200GV2.E1 v21.04.09E1 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function upgrade_filter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the path and time parameters.",
"id": "GHSA-2hgp-33q8-hfff",
"modified": "2022-03-17T00:06:00Z",
"published": "2022-02-09T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46230"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pjqwudi/my_vuln/blob/main/D-link/vuln_7/7.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HJ6-9WP7-HVMH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-18 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:14A flaw was found in the Emacs text editor. Processing a specially crafted org-mode code with the "org-babel-execute:latex" function in ob-latex.el can result in arbitrary command execution. This CVE exists because of a CVE-2023-28617 security regression for the emacs package in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2491"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-17T22:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the Emacs text editor. Processing a specially crafted org-mode code with the \"org-babel-execute:latex\" function in ob-latex.el can result in arbitrary command execution. This CVE exists because of a CVE-2023-28617 security regression for the emacs package in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2.",
"id": "GHSA-2hj6-9wp7-hvmh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:14:00Z",
"published": "2023-05-18T00:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:2626"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:3104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-2491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2192873"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HMP-5WQG-F24H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-10 15:30 – Updated: 2025-10-03 13:26A vulnerability, that could result in Remote Code Execution (RCE), has been found in PlotAI. Lack of validation of LLM-generated output allows attacker to execute arbitrary Python code. PlotAI commented out vulnerable line, further usage of the software requires uncommenting it and thus accepting the risk.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "plotai"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1497"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-10T22:21:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-10T14:15:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, that could result in Remote Code Execution (RCE), has been found in PlotAI. Lack of validation of LLM-generated output allows attacker to execute arbitrary Python code. PlotAI commented out vulnerable line, further usage of the software requires uncommenting it and thus accepting the risk.",
"id": "GHSA-2hmp-5wqg-f24h",
"modified": "2025-10-03T13:26:29Z",
"published": "2025-03-10T15:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mljar/plotai/commit/bdcfb13484f0b85703a4c1ddfd71cb21840e7fde"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/03/CVE-2025-1497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2025/03/CVE-2025-1497"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mljar/plotai"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/plotai/PYSEC-2025-22.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "PlotAI eval vulnerability"
}
GHSA-2HP5-X58M-VHPJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35A vulnerability in the VPN subsystem configuration in the Cisco SD-WAN Solution could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands that are executed with root privileges. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the device and submitting crafted input to the affected parameter in a web page. The attacker must be authenticated to access the affected parameter. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute commands with root privileges. This vulnerability affects the following Cisco products if they are running a release of the Cisco SD-WAN Solution prior to Release 18.3.0: vBond Orchestrator Software, vEdge 100 Series Routers, vEdge 1000 Series Routers, vEdge 2000 Series Routers, vEdge 5000 Series Routers, vEdge Cloud Router Platform, vManage Network Management Software, vSmart Controller Software. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvi69808, CSCvi69810, CSCvi69814, CSCvi69822, CSCvi69827, CSCvi69828, CSCvi69836.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0350"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-18T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the VPN subsystem configuration in the Cisco SD-WAN Solution could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands that are executed with root privileges. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the device and submitting crafted input to the affected parameter in a web page. The attacker must be authenticated to access the affected parameter. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute commands with root privileges. This vulnerability affects the following Cisco products if they are running a release of the Cisco SD-WAN Solution prior to Release 18.3.0: vBond Orchestrator Software, vEdge 100 Series Routers, vEdge 1000 Series Routers, vEdge 2000 Series Routers, vEdge 5000 Series Routers, vEdge Cloud Router Platform, vManage Network Management Software, vSmart Controller Software. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvi69808, CSCvi69810, CSCvi69814, CSCvi69822, CSCvi69827, CSCvi69828, CSCvi69836.",
"id": "GHSA-2hp5-x58m-vhpj",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:35:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0350"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180718-sdwan-cmdinj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104874"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HP7-6CR6-JVXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-03 21:31VMware Aria Operations contains a command injection vulnerability. A malicious unauthenticated actor may exploit this issue to execute arbitrary commands which may lead to remote code execution in VMware Aria Operations while support-assisted product migration is in progress.
To remediate CVE-2026-22719, apply the patches listed in the 'Fixed Version' column of the ' Response Matrix https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/36947 ' in VMSA-2026-0001
Workarounds for CVE-2026-22719 are documented in the 'Workarounds' column of the ' Response Matrix https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/36947 ' in VMSA-2026-0001
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22719"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T20:23:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "VMware Aria Operations contains a command injection vulnerability. A malicious unauthenticated actor may exploit this issue to execute arbitrary commands which may lead to remote code execution in VMware Aria Operations while support-assisted product migration is in progress.\u00a0\n\nTo remediate CVE-2026-22719, apply the patches listed in the \u0027Fixed Version\u0027 column of the \u0027 Response Matrix https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/36947 \u0027 in VMSA-2026-0001\u00a0\n\nWorkarounds for CVE-2026-22719 are documented in the \u0027Workarounds\u0027 column of the \u0027 Response Matrix https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/36947 \u0027 in VMSA-2026-0001",
"id": "GHSA-2hp7-6cr6-jvxh",
"modified": "2026-03-03T21:31:09Z",
"published": "2026-02-25T21:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22719"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article/430349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/36947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://techdocs.broadcom.com/us/en/vmware-cis/aria/aria-operations/8-18/vmware-aria-operations-8186-release-notes.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-22719"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HPH-W7CX-74WR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-27 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-27 21:31A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20240814. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function cgi_FMT_R12R5_2nd_DiskMGR of the file /cgi-bin/hd_config.cgi. The manipulation of the argument f_source_dev leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer. NOTE: Vendor was contacted early and confirmed that the product is end-of-life. It should be retired and replaced.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8212"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-27T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20240814. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function cgi_FMT_R12R5_2nd_DiskMGR of the file /cgi-bin/hd_config.cgi. The manipulation of the argument f_source_dev leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer. NOTE: Vendor was contacted early and confirmed that the product is end-of-life. It should be retired and replaced.",
"id": "GHSA-2hph-w7cx-74wr",
"modified": "2024-08-27T21:31:14Z",
"published": "2024-08-27T21:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8212"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BuaaIOTTeam/Iot_Dlink_NAS/blob/main/DNS_cgi_FMT_R12R5_2nd_DiskMGR.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/security/publication.aspx?name=SAP10383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.275921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.275921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.397276"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HVF-6VWF-3FJQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-09 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-09 18:31A vulnerability was found in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected by this vulnerability is the function wzdrepeater of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. The manipulation of the argument wlan_bssid/sel_Automode/sel_EncrypTyp results in os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8189"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-09T17:16:08Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected by this vulnerability is the function wzdrepeater of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. The manipulation of the argument wlan_bssid/sel_Automode/sel_EncrypTyp results in os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-2hvf-6vwf-3fjq",
"modified": "2026-05-09T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-05-09T18:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/Wavlink/vuln_2/2.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/800728"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/362341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/362341/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HX4-GPWF-5QV2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-14 03:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:31Vinchin Backup and Recovery 7.2 and Earlier is vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) via the getVerifydiyResult function in ManoeuvreHandler.class.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25228"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-14T02:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vinchin Backup and Recovery 7.2 and Earlier is vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) via the getVerifydiyResult function in ManoeuvreHandler.class.php.",
"id": "GHSA-2hx4-gpwf-5qv2",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:31:19Z",
"published": "2024-03-14T03:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.leakix.net/2024/01/vinchin-backup-rce-chain"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/15"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.